地铁相关外文翻译.docx
《地铁相关外文翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《地铁相关外文翻译.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
MetroOperationAccidentAnalysisandCountermeasures
LIWei-weiTANGZhen-min,Prof.
(SchoolofTrafic&Transportation。
BeijingJiaotongUniversity
Classificationandcodeofdisciplines:
620.5020
[Abstract]Onthesubwayhomeandabroadinrecentyearstheincidentbasedontheanalysis,theauthoraffectthesafeoperationoftheMTRofpersons,vehicles,track,powersupply,signal,andsocialdisasters,themainreasonswerediscussed;lightofthesereasonsputforwardSomepreventivemeasurespriortotheincident,aswellastreatmentmeasuresaftertheaccident;highlightthe'people-oriented'bigsecurityconceptputforward'people-cars-Track-SafetyManagement'andsafeoperationofthesystemandtheemergencyrescuesystem,acombinationapproach.Andimplementationofthesemeasureswillreducetherealizationofsubwayaccidentscausedbytheaccidentandreducecasualtiesandpropertylosses.
[Keywords:
]metro;accidents;impactfactor;SafetyMeasures
1Introduction
MetroisanimportantcomponentofurbanpublictransportisoneoftheimportanceofsafetygoeswithoutsayingthattheMTR.Inrecentyears,theworld'ssubwayaccidentscontinuetooccur,China'sBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhouandothercitieshaveundergonealotofsubwayaccident.Therefore,theanalysisoffactorsaffectingtheaccidentsubwayoperatorstodevelopcountermeasurestopreventaccidentsandsuddenaccidentreliefmeasuresforimprovingthesafetyofsubwayoperationstatus,topreventaccidentsandreduceaccidentlossesareofgreatsignificance.
2MetroOperationAccidentAnalysis
MetroOperationalSafetyinvolvesnotonlypeople-Vehicles-railandothersystemfactors,butalsobythesocialenvironmentandtrain-relatedequipment(signalsystem,powersupplysystems)andotherfactors.Metrohomeandabroadinrecentyears,theanalysisofaccidentstatisticsshowsthat:
people,vehicles,track,powersupply,signalsandsocialdisasterssuchasmajorfactorsforrailwayaccidents.
2.1Thehumanfactors
From2002and2003ontheShanghaiMetro,onthe2ndlineoftheclassificationofaccidentstatisticsshowthat:
generalaccidentwasmainlyduetofailuretocomplywiththesafetyofpassengers travel rules,andriskofaccidentsduetonegligencecausedbystaffresponsibilities.HumanfactorsisthemainreasonfortheaccidentZhaozhiMetro,including:
(1)crowded.Forexample,in2001theeveningofDecember4,BeijingSubwayLineawomanwaitingontheplatformatthestation,whenthetruckenteringthesite,theywerecrowdedundertheflowofpeoplecrowdedthesite,onthespotbythetraincrushedtodeath.Inanotherexample,inMay1999inBelarus,butalsobecauseofMassTransitRailwaystationstafftoomuch,confusionandcrowded,leadingto54passengerswerecrushedtodeathevents.
(2)accidentallyanddeliberatelyjumpoffthetrackofpeople.Foralongtime,becauseworkerswhojumpsubwaytrackssubwaytraindelayscausedbytherepeatedoccurrenceoftheevent,shortofaminuteortwo,oraslongas35minutes.Thesubwaytrainassoonaffected,notpunctualitydriving,isboundtoaffecttheoverallsituationacrosstheboardwouldneedtobeadjusted.Affectsnotonlythepartiestothepassengersonthetrain,butalsothewholerouteorotherpassengerraillinesontheroadmaybedelayed.
(3)Stafftreatmentmeasuresshallnotbetreated.Forexample,theSouthKoreancityofDaegusubwayfirein2003thatthemarket,subwaydriversandanintegratedcontrolcenterpersonneltothedisasterhasnotshirktheresponsibility.Fireinfrontofthestationhasalreadyoccurred,andtheotherisstillatrain,No.1080intothesmoke-filledsite,thestationhaspower,thetraincannotbethecaseofdriving,thedriverdidnottakeanydecisivemeasurestoevacuatethepassengers,butthedoorclosed,andstillaskforinstructionshowtodealwithscheduling.Evenmoreincredibleisthatin5minutesaftertheaccident,theschedulerhasthegalltoissue'toallowthe1080carforthestarting'instructions.
2.2VehicleFactors
(1)resultsinmetrotrainaccidentinthederailmentofthemainfactors.Forexample,theLondonsubway,attheJanuary25,2003,ahungeightcarsoftheCentralLinesubwaytrainpassingthroughcentralLondoninasubwaystation,derailedandhitthetunnelwall,thelastthreecarscrashedintotheplatform,32passengerssufferedminorinjuries.InthesameyearinSeptember,aslow-movingsubwaytrainderailedatKing'sCrosssubwaystation,andleadtosubwayoutagesforseveralhours.Anotherexample,inMarch2000occurredinHibiyaLinesubwaytrainderailmentaccident,resultingin3dead44injuredinthetragedy.Again,theUnitedStatesinJune2000tookplacewiththesubwaytrainderailmentaccident,when89passengerswereinjured.
(2)Therearefactorsothervehicles.Forexample,theMarch20,2003,theShanghaiMetroLineautomaticallyunlockthegatedelayhookfailure,outagemorethan1hours.Inanotherexample,April4,2002,theShanghaiMetroLinedoorscouldnotbeopenedduetomechanicalfailure,outageshalfanhour.
2.3orbitalelements
May22,2001,Shihlin,TaipeiDanshuiLinesubwaystationneartherailcracksoccur,theMTRwasforcedtoslowdown,andinsteadmanuallydriving,10millionpassengerstogotoworkblocked.
地铁运营事故分析及其对策研究
分类:
管理学论文 > 基本理论论文(定做论文) 英文版 繁体版 作者:
李为为 唐祯敏时间:
2007-1-11 浏览:
2534次
[摘 要] 在对近年来国内外地铁发生的事故分析的基础上,笔者对影响地铁安全运营的人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号以及社会灾害等主要原因进行了探讨;针对这些原因提出了一些事故发生前的预防对策以及事故发生后的处理措施;突出强调了“以人为本”的大安全观,提出“人—车—轨道—安全管理”的安全运营系统及应急救援体系相结合的对策。
这些对策和实施的实现将会减少地铁事故的发生和降低事故造成的人员伤亡及财产损失。
[关键词] 地铁;事故;影响因素;安全对策
1 引 言
地铁是城市公共交通重要组成部分之一,地铁安全的重要性不言而喻。
近年来全球地铁事故不断发生,我国的北京、上海、广州等城市地铁先后发生不少事故(
2 地铁运营事故分析
地铁运营安全不仅涉及人—车辆—轨道等系统因素,还受到社会环境和列车运行相关设备(信号系统、供电系统)等因素的影响。
近年来国内外地铁事故统计的分析表明:
人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号及社会灾害等是地铁事故的主要因素。
2.1 人员因素
从2002年和2003年对上海地铁一、二号线发生事故的分类统计表明:
一般性事故主要是因乘客未遵守安全乘车规则,而险性事故多是由于工作人员职责疏忽引发的。
人员因素是肇致地铁事故的主要原因,其中包括:
(1)拥挤。
例如,2001年12月4日晚,北京地铁一号线一名女子在站台上候车,当车驶入站台时,被拥挤人流挤下站台,当场被列车压死。
又如,1999年5月在白俄罗斯,也因地铁车站人员过多,混乱而拥挤,导致54名乘客被踩死事件(管理学/基本理论论文
(2)不慎落人和故意跳人轨道。
长期以来,因人员跳人地铁轨道,造成地铁列车延误的事件屡次发生,短的一两分钟,长则三五分钟。
而地铁列车只要一旦受到影响,不能正点行驶,势必影响全局,就需全线进行调整。
不仅影响当事列车上的乘客,而且使整条线路甚至其他轨道交通线路上的乘客都可能被延误。
(3)工作人员处理措施不得当。
例如,韩国大邱市地铁2003年那场大火中,地铁司机和综合调度室有关人员对灾难的发生就有着不可推卸的责任。
前方车站已经发生火灾后,另一辆1080号列车依然驶入烟雾弥漫的站台,在车站已经断电、列车不能行驶的情况下,司机没有采取任何果断措施疏散乘客,却车门紧闭,而且仍请示调度该如何处理。
更不可思议的是,在事故发生5分钟后,调度居然还下达“允许1080号车出发”的指令。
2.2 车辆因素
(1)导致地铁列车事故的主要因素是列车出轨。
例如,英国伦敦地铁,在2003年1月25日,一列挂有8节车厢的中央线地铁列车在行经伦敦市中心一地铁站时出轨并撞在隧道墙上,最后3节车厢撞在站台上,32名乘客受轻伤。
同年9月,一列慢速行驶的地铁列车在国王十字地铁站出轨,并导致地铁停运数小时。
又如,在2000年3月发生的日比谷线地铁列车出轨意外,造成了3死44伤的惨剧。
再如,美国2000年6月,发生一起地铁列车意外出轨,当时有89位乘客受伤。
(2)还有其他车辆因素。
例如,2003年3月20日,上海地铁三号线闸门自动解锁拖钩故障,停运1个多小时。
又如,2002年4月4日,上海地铁二号线因机械故障车门无法开启,停运半小时。
2.3 轨道因素
2001年5月22日,台北地铁淡水线士林站附近轨道发生裂缝,地铁被迫减速,并改为手动驾驶,10万旅客上班受阻。
二
Subwayoperationprioraccidentpreventionmeasures
Securityinvolvesnotonlythepeopleofsubwayoperation-vehicle-trackandothersystemfactors,butalsobythesocialenvironmentandtrain-relatedequipment(signalsystem,powersupplysystem)andotherfactors.Metrohomeandabroadinrecentyears,theanalysisofaccidentstatisticsshowthat:
people,vehicles,track,powersupply,signalsandsocialdisastersisamajorfactorinsubwayaccident.
Metrointheeventofanaccident,willbecomethefocusofpublicopinion,notonlyadversepoliticalimpactofcasualties,damagetovehicles,theeconomiclosseswouldbeveryserious.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheMTR,toimprovethesafetyofsubwayoperation,reduceaccidentsandreduceaccidents,accidentanalysisbasedontheabove,Iproposethefollowingpreventivemeasuresinadvanceandpost-processingmeasures.
1,theestablishmentofautomaticmonitoringandalarmsystem
Toensurethesafetyofsubwayoperation,eachshouldhaveasubwaysystemmonitoringandautomaticalarmsystem(FireAlarmSystem,FAS).FAStoensurethesafetyofsubwayandnormaloperation,anextremelyimportantroleastheMTRsystem,animportantandindispensablecomponent.ProtectedbytheFASsystem,thespecifictargetsacrosstheboardthestation,themainsubstation,depotandcommunicationsignalbuilding.MetroFASsystemmustbeahighlyreliablesystem,thewiringissimple,flexiblenetworking,easymaintenanceandexpansion.ControlCenter(OCC)shouldbeacrosstheboardschematic,tomonitorthefullrangeofalarmcondition.
Authoritiesinall115LondonUndergroundstationsareinstalledundergroundcalLED "fasttrack"ofthefiredetectionandalarmsystems.Thedeviceconsistsofabroadrangeofanalogdetectionaddressablesmokeandheatdetectionsystems,aswellasotherissuessuchasremotedoorclosers,emergencycablebroadcastingsystem,thedampercontrol,firesafetyfacilitiessuchasticketgates.Now,eachstationonthefunctionofthecomputersectionoftherapidfire-fightingfacilitiesshallbewithinthemonitoringandcontrol.Throughpre-programmed,itcanoneachstationtoscanallthefiresafety,searchseizure,carriedoutcontinuousbasisinthecategory,thecharacteristicsofthesedevicescanbeconfirmed,position,formandworkingconditionsinwhichthe.
Radiocommunicationequipmentshouldhaveemergencytelephoneandcablecommunications,stationstaffandsubwaydriversthroughwirelessorwiredtelephonesystemstransfereventstothecontrolcenterinformation;therearesiteswithintheCCTVvideotransmissionsystem.Stationsshouldbeinstalledwithinthefullrangeof