工程应用英语资料.docx

工程应用英语资料.docx

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工程应用英语资料

-工程应用英语

PartIVocabularyandStructure（20’）

1.      Engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecialized___d___education.

a.elementaryschoolb.highschoolc.middleschoold.university

2.Computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineering___b___.

a.coursesb.curriculac.lessonsd.areas

3.Currenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthe___c___scienceandthelanguagearts.

a.computerb.chemicalc.sociald.biology

4.Active____b__forengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudent’slastyearintheuniversity.

a.employb.recruitingc.hired.firing

5.Indeed,thecivilengineer’schoiceis____c__andvaried.

a.smallb.finec.larged.tiny

6.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven___d___.

a.agoodair-conditionb.ayoungcivilengineer

c.agoodcomputerengineerd.agoodprogram

7.Constructioncanbevery_a___.

a.dangerousb.safec.easyd.secure

8.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways_a___.  

a.distinctiveb.thesimilarc.aliked.thesame

9.Thrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofastructureon___a__.

a.itsotherpartb.itselfc.thewalld.theground

10.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseis___b__.

a.deadloadb.liveloadc.impactd.safetyfactor

11.Intension,thematerialis___b__.

a.pressedb.pulledapartc.pushedd.compressed

12.___a__forceactsupanddown.

a.verticalb.horizontalc.rotatingmotiond.turningmotion

13.Both___a__,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.

a.steelandcementb.woodandbrick

c.stoneandtiled.ashandplastic

14.Thetransitisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasure___c__.

a.distancesb.centralanglesc.elevationdifferenced.length

15.Electronicdistancemeasuring（EDM）notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermine___a___.

a.thedirectionb.thesizec.thefrequencyd.thewidth

16.Prestressedconcreteisan___b___formofreinforcement.

a.originalb.improvedc.samed.low

17.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby___d____.

a.engineersb.oneparty

c.companyd.twoormoreparties

18.___b___changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.

a.weightb.volumec.aread.no

19.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:

‘mannerandmethod’and‘____a__’.

a.resultb.combinationc.layerthicknessd.moisturecontrol

20.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof___b___drivingisthemostseriousofall.

a.drinkb.drinkingc.drunkend.drank

PartIIFillingBlanks（10’）  

21.Engineersoftenworkas_____consultants___________toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.

22.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointo__environmental_____________orsanitaryengineering.

23.Whenplanningastructure,anengineermusttakeintoaccountfourfactors:

deadload,______liveload_______,impactandsafetyfactor.

24.Onepartytothecontractis_____liable_____forbreachofcontractifhefailstoperformhispartoftheagreement.

25._______clearing____thesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.

26.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchas________weatheredortotten_______________rock,orearthmixedwithboulders.

27.Noattemptwasmadetocontrol_____moisture______contentortosecurecompaction.

28.The_____rearview_______ofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.

29.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseof_____heavyduty________brakefluid.

30.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrake____pedal_______hasmeantthatthedriver’stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40’）

PassageOne

Researchisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwithotherscientistsandengineers.Heorsheisoftenemployedinalaboratorythatisfinancedbygovernmentorindustry.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationtechniques,andalsothedevelopmentandthetestingofnewstructuralmaterials.

31.Researchisoneof___b___aspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.

a.themostuseless

b.themostimportant

c.themostunnecessary

32.Aresearcherisoftenemployed__c____. 

a.onafarm

b.inalibrary

c.inalaboratory

33.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwith__c____.

a.farmersandscientists

b.engineersandfarmers

c.scientistsandengineers

34.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludeonlysoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization,butalsothedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials

b.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization

c.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludethedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials

PassageTwo

Thecurrenttendencyistodeveloplightermaterials.Aluminum,forexample,weighsmuchlessthansteelbuthasmanyofthesameproperties.Aluminumbeamshavealreadybeenusedforbridgeconstructionandfortheframeworkofafewbuildings.

Attemptsarealsobeingmadetoproduceconcretewithmorestrengthanddurability,andwithalighterweight.Onesystemthathelpscutconcreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers,whicharelongchainlikecompoundsusedinplastics,aspartofthemixture.

35.Thecurrenttrendofstructuralmaterialsis___b____.

a.todevelopheaviermaterials

b.todeveloplightermaterials

c.todeveloplessmaterials

36.Aluminumweighs___a____.  

a.muchlessthansteel

b.thesameassteel

c.muchheavierthansteel

37.Aluminumhas____c___.

a.nopropertiesofsteel

b.fewpropertiesofsteel

c.manyofthesamepropertiesofsteel

38.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedforbridgeconstruction

b.Aluminumbeamscanbeusedfornotonlybridgeconstructionbutalsotheframeworkofafewbuildings

c.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedfortheframeworkofafewbuildings

PassageThree

Steelandconcretealsocomplementeachotherinanotherway:

theyhavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.Theythereforecanworktogetherinsituationswherebothcompressionandtensionarefactors.Steelrodsareembeddedinconcretetomakereinforcedconcreteinconcretebeamsorstructureswheretensionwilldevelop.Concreteandsteelalsoformsuchastrongbonds—theforcethatunitesthem—thatthesteelcannotslipwithintheconcrete.Stillanotheradvantageisthatsteeldoesnotrustinconcrete.Acidcorrodessteel,whereasconcretehasanalkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid.

39.Steelandconcretehave____c__.

a.differentrateofcontraction

b.differentrateofexpansion

c.almostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion

40.Reinforcedconcreteis___a___.

a.steelrodswhichareembeddedinconcretebeams

b.concretewhichisembeddedinsteelrods

c.steelrodswhichreactwithconcrete

41.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

C

a.steelcanrustinconcrete

b.concretecancorrodesteel

c.steeldoesnotrustinconcrete

42.Concretehas___b__.

a.somekindofchemicalthatcorrodessteel

b.analkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid

c.somekindofacid

PassageFour

Theemployerorpromoterofcivilengineeringworksnormallydeterminestheconditionsofcontract,whichdefinetheobligationsandperformancesbysomeformofcompetitivetenderingandanycontractorwhosubmitsasuccessfultenderandsubsequentlyentersintoacontractisdeemedinlawtohavevoluntarilyacceptedtheconditionsofcontractadoptedbythepromoter.

Theobligationsthatacontractoracceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtotender.Inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntilithasbeenacceptedandmay,eventhen,bewithdrawniftheacceptanceisstatedbythepromotertobe‘subjecttoformalcontract’asisoftenthecase.

43.Theconditionsofcontractarenormallydeterminedby___c___.

a.thegovernmentofficial

b.thecontractor

c.thepromoter

44.Thisconditionsdefinetheobligationsandperformancestowhich__c____willbesubject.

a.theemployer

b.theofficial

c.thecontractor

45.Theobligationsthat___c___acceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtothetender.

a.theemployer

b.theauditor

c.thecontractor

46.inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntil___b___.

a.thepromoterhasenoughmoney

b.ithasbeenaccepted

c.thetenderapprovedbythegovernment

PassageFive

Materialsareusuallydescribedas‘rock’,‘looserock’,or‘common’,with‘common’signifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.Rock,sometimescalled‘solidrock’,nearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderorpowershovelintotrucksorotherhaulingunits.Blastedrockmaybemovedordriftedforshortdistancesbymeansofabulldozer,whichis,ineffect,ahugetractor-mountedblade.Looserockoftenisdugwithloadersorshovelswithoutanypreviousblasting.

47.Accordingtothepassage,whichmaterialsignifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.

a.looserock

b.common

c.rock

48.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

a.rock,issometimescalled‘solidrock’

b.rock,issometimescalled‘looserock’

c.rock,isusuallyc