2 A City of Scenery.docx

2 A City of Scenery.docx

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2ACityofScenery

2ACityofScenery

ThebeautyoftheWestLakehasbeenindescribablewitheitherwordsorpicturesinceancienttimesandseldomcananybodyappreciateitsbeautycompletely,deeplyandwidely.Nevertheless,oneissuretobeoverwhelmedbyitsglory,itscolor,itscultureanditscharmsolongasenteringthispicturesquelocation.

CharmingWestLake

Forcenturies,thecharmingsceneryoftheWestLakehasenjoyedalastingglamour,whichallurespeoplefallinginlovewithitatthefirstsight.ItislocatedatthewesternfringeofHangzhouandboastsanationalkeyscenicresort.Surroundedonthreesidesbytoweringmountains,theWestLakescenicspotcoversanareaof60sq.km.,includingawaterareaof6.78sq.km.ThepondageoftheWestLakeisabout14000000s.Cruisingonthepeacefullake,peoplecanenjoyuniquesceneof“alakemirroringtwopagodasandthreecausewaysbankingcrystallinewater.”Theviewherefeaturesalakewithmoderatesize,waterwithmoderatedepthandmountainswithmoderateheights.

TheWestLakeisthecenterpieceoftheimpressivescenicspotof60sq.km.aroundwhichtherearecover40well-knownplacesand30culturalrelicsandhistoricsites.Apartfromthe“TenSightsofQiantang”andthe“EighteenSightsoftheWestLake”entitledintheSouthernSongDynastyandthe“TenNewScenesoftheWestLake”evaluatedin1985.Generallyspeaking,thesceneryoftheWestLakestandsoutwithonelake,twopeaks,threesprings,fourtemples,fivemountains,sixgardens,sevencaves,eightmausoleums,ninecreeksandtensights.OnNovermber8,1982,theWestLakewaslistedasoneofthefirstgroupofnationalkeyscenicspotsbytheChineseGovernmentandgotfurtherrankedthethirdintheappraisalof“China’sTenScenicSpots”in1985.

AsolitaryMountain,anaturalislet,anextendingcausewayandanarchedbridgecutupthelakeintofivelinkingbodiesofwaterrespectivelynamed,intheorderoftheirsurfacescale,theOuterLake,theWestInnerLake,theNorthinnerLake,theLitterSouthLakeandtheYuehuLake.

TheOuterLake,whichoccupiestheeasternandsouthernsurfaceoftheWestLake,hasanareaof4.43sq.km.Itamountsforabout4/5ofthewholewaterarea,wherethewaterjoinstheskyandprovidesabroadvision.Tothewestofthelake,therearethreeman-madeislandsknownastheLesserYingzhouIsle,theMid-lakePavilionandtheLordRuan’sMound,whicharethreehighlightsofthelakecruise.

TheWestinnerLakeextendsfromSuCausewayontheeastbanktoYangCauseway（whichisknownasXishanRoadtoday）onthewest,coveringanareaof0.745sq.km.Withasplendidlandscapeofwaterandmountains,theWestinnerLakeintoxicatesyouwhenyouarerowingonitsserenewatersurface.

Coveringanareaof0.36sq.km.,theNorthInnerLake,whichissurroundedbyPreciousStoneMountainandGeMountainonthenorthandSolitaryMountainonthesouthwest,commandsabeautifulviewofthefamousBaiCausewayonthesouth.Shroudedbymountains,thelakereflectsthemountainsandtheshowsofthecausewayamongthepinkflowersandgreenwillowsandrainbow-likeoldbridge.

LocatedonthesouthandthenorthoftheWestInnerLakerespectively,theLittleSouthLakeandtheYuehuLakearealllessthan0.1sq.km.althoughsmallinsize,thesetwowaterarerefinedandexquisitewithdistinctcharacteristics.TheLittleSouthLakebearsthereflectionsoftheenchantingNanpingMountainandthebeautifulSouthernPeakaroundit,whilealongtheYuehuLake,thewindingbankistuckedwithhistoricsitesandscenicgardenswithdiversscenes.

EnchantingTenScenicSpots

TopTenViewsoftheWestLake

“TopTenViewoftheWestLake”cameintobeingintheSouthernSongDynasty,whenHangzhoubecamethecapitalcity,andarerespectivelynamedafterthesuperscriptionsoftheimperialpainters’works.Withdiversefeatures,thesetenscenicspotscomprehensivelypinpointthecharmofHangzhou’sWestLake,bothnaturalandhistorical.

1stView:

SpringDawnbySuCauseway（SuDiChunXiao）

ExtendingalongtheWestLake2.8kilometerslong,SuCausewaystartsfromthefootofNanpingMountainonthesouthandendsatQixiaMountainonthenorth.It’sdredgedunderthesupervisionofSuDongpo,afamouspoetandthegovernorofHangzhouintheNorthernSongDynasty.Today’scausewayistheresultofmanyrefurbishingprojectsoverthecenturies.DuringtheSouthernSongDynasty,alargenumberofrichlyornamentedpavilionswerebuiltupalongthecauseway,onwhichartistsfromandoffthecourtusedtoperformacrobatics.Whenspringcomes,willowthreesswingslightlyinthebreeze.Peachtreesarefullofblooms,givingoutintoxicatingfragrance.AlongtheCausewaystandsixsingle-spanstonearchbridgesbythenameofYingbo（reflectingthewaves）,Suolan（lockingthewaves）,Wangshan（lookingatdistantMountains）,Yadi（causewayballast）,Dongpu（easternford）andKuahong（spanningrainbow）.RomanticizedasSpringDawnbySuCauseway,thesceneryhasstayedonthetopofthebesttenresortsaroundtheWestLakesincetheSouthernSongDynasty（1127-1279）.

2ndView:

LotusFlowersintheBreezingWindingCourtyard（QuYuanFengHe）

QuyuanPark（CrookedCourtyard）issituatednearthemouthofJinshajianstream,thebiggestnaturalwatersupplyintotheWestLake.IntheSouthernSongDynasty,itservedasaroyalwineworkshop.Inthelakenexttothewinerystoodalargeareaoflotuseswagglinganddancingalittlebitintoxicatinglyinsummerbreezes.Visitorsfeltwonderfulwithboththesceneryandwinewhilearomasoflotusflowersandwinewerewaftingintheair.Thespotgotitsfameasoneofthetoptenbestattractionsinthatdynastyandhaskeptitscharmincolorsandodorssincethen.

NowthelotushasgonewiththeSouthernSongDynasty.What’sleftwasonlyacommemorativepavilionwithasteleinside,whichwassetupbyemperorKangxioftheQingDynasty.Today’sQuyuanPark,awell-knownsummerresort,wasbuiltinthe1980sandcoversanareaof28hectares,withYuehuLakeontheeast,XishanRoadonthewestandZhaogongCausewayonthesouthandneighboringManoroftheGuoFamilyandBambooGarden.

3rdView:

AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake（PingHuqiuYue）

AsoneofthetenviewsoftheWestLake,the“AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake”islocatedatthewestendoftheBaiCauseway.WiththebrightmoonhangingoverthecalmLake,thewaterandtheskymergeinonecolor;coolbreezes,thelakeandthemoonareofone.Thoughthe“AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake”refersnowadaystoafixedlocationandoneofthetoptenattractionsaroundtheWestLake,itwasintheSouthSongDynastageneralreferencetotheautumnnightswhenpeoplewentboatingonthelakeappreciatingthebrightmoonandenjoyingthecoolbreeze.ThepoeticreferencestayedgeneraluntiltheQingDynastywhenEmperorKangxisummeduphissightseeingtourinHangzhouandnamedthetoptenWestLakeattractions.Astonetabletwaserectedwith“AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake”inscribedonitatthepresentlocation.Sincethelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,“AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake”hasbeenrefurbishedandextendedseveraltimes,withmoreflowersplanted,rockeriessetup,andthepavilionsandterracesonitswest,whichusedtobelongtotheprivateLuoyuanGardenofaJewishbillionaire,consolidated.Loungingquietlyappreciatingthemoonbytheplacidlakehaslongsincebeenacknowledgedasoneofthebesthumanexperiencesofnature.

4thView:

LingeringSnowontheBrokenBridge（DuanQianCanXue）

OriginallynamedBaoyouBridgeorBridgeoftheDuanFamilyintheSouthernSongDynasty,theBrokenBridgeislocatedattheeastendoftheBaiCauseway.ThepresentnamedcomesfromapoemofZhangGu,apoetoftheTangDynasty,whichdepictsthesceneryofasolitarymountain.The“LingeringSnowontheBrokenBridge”hasnowbecomeaveryfamousscenicspotoftheWestLakeandattractsstreamsofvisitorsinwinter.IntheLegendoftheWhiteSnake,oneofthefourclassicalChineselovestories,SnakeWhite,abeautifulgirlwhowasactuallyawhitesnake,togetherwithhermaidSnakeGreen,metXuXianforthefirsttimeonthebridge,whichwitnessedtheirreunionafteraseriesoftwistsandturns.Thankstothelovestorybetweenthehumanandimmortal,theBrokenBridgehasenjoyedafameof“LoveBridge.”

5thView:

OriolesSingingintheWillows（LiuLangWenYing）

LocatedonthesoutheastbankoftheWestLakeandoccupyinganareaof21hectares,thisparkonceservedasanimperialgardenintheSouthernSongDynasty.Withweepingwillowtreesbankedallalongthelakeshoreandhighlightviewssuchasthe“LiulangPier”andthe“LiuLangBridge,”itwonthefameasoneofthetoptenscenicspotsoftheWestLakeasearlyastheSouthernSongDynasty.Itdeclinedtoalowebbafterwards,especiallyaftertheYuanDynasty（1271-1386）,andcamebacktolifeagainsincethe1950swithemeraldwillowtreespettingthewateringentlespringbreeze,oriolesflappingovergreengrassesandflowersbloomingascolorfulbrocade.Lightshowsandotherlargescalerecreationandentertainmentprogramsareoftenheldhereinsummerandautumn.

6thView:

ViewingFishingatFloweringHarbor（HuaGangGuanYu）

AdjacenttotheSuCausewayandwesttoYinboBridge（mirroringthewaves）andSuolanBridge（lockingthebillows）,itneighborstheLittleSouthLakeonthesouthandtheWestInnerLakeonthenorthandwaslistedasoneofthetenscenicspotsoftheWestLakeintheSouthernSonDynasty.IthascomethrougharestorationduringthereignofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynastyandaseriesofreconstructionsandexpansionssincethe1950s.Today,FlowerHabor（HuaGang