高三英语一轮复习语法专题特殊句式Word文档格式.docx
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Gonearethedayswhenwewerepoor.(过去分词作表语)
Ineachroomaretenstudents.(介词短语作表语)
(2)部分倒装,只把谓语的一部分(助动词,情态动词)置于主语之前
①含否定意义的副词never,not,nor,hardly,seldom,notonly…but(also)…,notuntil及含有no的词或短语放在句首,结构为:
表否定意义的词/词组+助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓动+…
e.g.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.
Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.
②only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓语动词+…
e.g.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.
Onlyinthiswaycanyouimproveyourpronunciation.
Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.(主句倒装)
△Only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。
e.g.Onlyhecanhelpyou.
}+情态动词/助动词/be+主语
③So(也)
Neither/Nor(也不)
e.g.Youcanswim,socanhe.
Ihaveneverbeentoabroad,neither(nor)hashe.
——Helikeswatchingfootballmatchesbuthedoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.
一Soitis(thesame)withsb.(有两个谓语动词时作答语用,表示“也”)
Tomisthirteen.soisLucy.(Lucy也13岁。
前后指两个人)
soheis.(他(Tom)的确13岁。
前后指一个人)
④频度副词often,always,manyatime等置于句首,句子用部分倒装
e.g.OftendoItellheraboutmylifehere.
⑤虚拟语气条件中省略if,把were,had或should放在主语前,构成倒装
e.g.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldtakehisadvice.
⑥So(Such)…that…句型,So(Such)置句首时用倒装
e.g.Sofastdoesherun.ThatIcan’tcatchupwithhim.
Suchacleverboyishethathecanworkoutthisexerciseeasily.
(3)其它倒装结构
①as/though引导的让步状语从句adj/adv/名词/动词+as/though+主语+…
e.g.Successfulas/thoughheis,heisnotproud.
Childasheis,heknowstohelpothers.
Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.
②may表祝愿
Mayyousucceed!
Mayourfriendshipliveforever!
2.强调
(1)Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分
强调人用that/who,强调物用that
所强调的可以是单词,短语,也可以是从句,但结构要完整
被强调的成分是主语、宾语、状语,但不能是定语或谓语
e.g.ItisIwho/thatamright.(主语)
ItwasLucythatwemetattheschoolgate.(宾语)
ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.(状语)
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
e.g.Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?
IsitprofessorWangthat/whoteachesyouEnglish?
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问句词+is/was+it+that+其他成分?
e.g.Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?
Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?
Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?
(4)有时可用Itmightbe…that…或Itmusthavebeen…that…句型表强调
e.g.Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof.
Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyousaw.
(5)not…until…句型的强调句:
Itis/wasnotuntil…that+其他部分
e.g.Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewentobed.
(6)强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it比较
去掉It/was和that,剩余成分仍能构成一个完整句子,就是强调句型,否则就不是
e.g.Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappen.
→Accidentsoftenhappenthere.事故经常在那里发生。
Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.
→Clearnotallboyslikefootball.(不是完整句子结构,因此这不是强调句)
(7)强调句型Itis/was…that…;
Itis/was+时间+when/before从句子与itis+时间+since从句;
Itwasnotlongbefore…等句型的区别
e.g.ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.(强调句)
Itwasmidnightwhen/beforeIgotbackhomeyesterday.(非强调句)
ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.(强调句)我是在两年前开始学英语的。
ItistwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(Itis…since…自从…以来已有…时间)
Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久以后就…了
Itwon’tbelongbefore…不久就会…
Itwastwoyears/daysbefore…过了两年/两天就…
Itwillbetwoyears/daysbefore还得两年/两天才
Itwillnotbetwoyears/daysbefore…用不了两年/两天就会…
试比较:
Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.
Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad
都表示他两年后回国。
注意强调句中状语的表达方式
(8)对谓语动词的强调用do/did/does
e.g.Docomethisevening.
Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.
3.省略
(1)不定式的省略
①在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面,常用to代替被省略词。
e.g.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.
②在have,need,ought,used等后面,用to
e.g.Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.
③在glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面,用to
e.g.Ifyou’dlikemetohelpyou,I’dbeonlytoogladto.
④否定形式的省略用notto
e.g.——ShallIgoinsteadofhim?
——Iprefernotto.
⑤如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常要保留tobe/tohave.Tohavebeen
e.g.——Areyouasailor?
——No,butIusedtobe.
(2)状语从句中的省略
①当状语从句中主语和主句中主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,此时从句中可能出现下列情况
连词(as,asif,once)+名词
e.g.Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinacompany.
连词(though,whether,when)+形容词
e.g.workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语
e.g.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.
△连词(when,while,though)+现在分词
e.g.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.
△连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词
e.g.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.
连词(asif,asthough)+不定式
e.g.Heopenedhismouthasif(hewas)tospeak.(对事实的猜测)
△②当从句主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和be一起省略,如连词(if).unless,when,whenever)+形容词
e.g.If(itis)necessary,you’dbetterrefertothedictionary.
③可以用so/not代替上文内容,有“ifso/not”结构
e.g.Getupearlytomorrow,Ifnot(Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.
Hemaynotbeathomethen.IfSo(Ifheisnotathome’leavehimanote.
Tips:
状语从句省略看似很多,其实也就是归为名词(no),形容词(adj.),介词短语(prep.-);
现在分词(V.-ing),过去分词(V.-ed),不定式(todo)这六类,连词间基本相通,重在多看多记,主要考查V.-ing,V.-ed,todo三种,考查时变换灵活,要多做题。
4.主谓一致
(1)并列主语的主谓一致
①两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接,表两个不同概念,谓语动词用复数形式
e.g.TomandJackwereclosefriends.
Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.
②两个单数名词用and连接,表同一人,同一物,同一概念,或表示不可分割的整体,谓语动词用单数形式
e.g.Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.
那位歌舞演员(指同一人)要来参加我们的晚会。
(若说thesingerandthedancer,就是两个人,后面该用are)
Aknifeandforkisonthetable.
③被every,each,manya,no等限定的单个主语由and连接时,谓语动词用单数,其中后一个限定词可处略
e.g.Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.
Manyateacherhasseenthefilm.
④一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作为主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式
e.g.Simpleandplainlivingisagoodquality.生活简朴
EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.英国文学和美国文学
⑤由and连接的两个what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式
e.g.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.他的言、行不一致。
(两件事)
Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.他的言行与我无关。
(一件事)
△⑥由or,either…,neither…nor…,notonly…but(also)连接主语时,按就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数和邻近主语一致
e.g.Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.
NeitherInorheisinfavorofhermarriage.
EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.
△⑦主语+with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/asmushas/but/except等+名词作主语时,谓语动词单复数要与前面的主语一致
e.g.Tom(aswellastwoofhisfriends)wasinvitedtotheparty.
Theteachertogetherwithhisstudentsisgoingthereonfoot.
(2)数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
①表时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时,作整体看待,谓语动词用单数
e.g.Twentyyearsisalongtimeinhislife.
(如强调具体的数量,则要用复数动词:
Twentyyearshavepassedsincehisfatherdied.)
②分数修饰名词作主语时,动词单复数取决于意义
e.g.Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.
Alargepercentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.
③由Kind/from/pair/type/sort/species/seriesof等修饰的主语,动词的单复数取决于这些词的单复
e.g.Thisnewkindofbusesifnowonshow.
Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.
④anumber/variety/groupof+n.(复数)+V.复
Thenumber/varietyof+n.+V.单
⑤manya/morethanone+单数名词+V.单
e.g.Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.
⑥aquantityof+复数名词+V.复,aquantityof+不可数名词+V.单
quantitiesof+可数名词复数/不可数名词+V.复
e.g.Besides,alargequantityofmailbagswerefound.
Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.
(3)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
①集体名词family,class,team,crew,group,audience,committee,public作主语,
动词单复数依主语所指意义而定,当作整体来看,动词用单数;
若强调成员时,动词用复数
e.g.Theclassconsistsoftwenty-fiveboysandtwentygirls.
Theclassaredoingexperiments.
②trousers,pants,glasses,compasses,jeans等作主语,动词用复数,但若前面用了apairof/two……pairsof,谓语动词与pair保持一致
e.g.Herearesomenewpairsofglasses.
Mybluetrousershavewornout.
ThispairofscissorswasinHangzhou.
(4)What引导的从句作主语,谓语动词用单数的单复数视情况而定,一般用单数;
若表语是复数名词,则用复数谓语动词。
e.g.Whathesaidleavesmuchforustothinkabout.
Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.
5、反意疑问句
(1)must
①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t;
若陈述部分有Mustn’t表“禁止”,疑问部分常用must
e.g.Youmustleaveatonce,mustn’t/needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tlaugh,mustyou?
②当must用来表示对现在情况进行推测时,反意疑问部分要根据must后的动词采用相应的形式
e.g.Hemustbegoodatmaths,isn’the?
Hemustgotothelibrary,doesn’the?
当must表示对过去情况的推测,反意疑问部分用didn’t(有明确的表过去的时间状语),或用haven’t/hasn’t(没用明确的时间)
e.g.Shemusthavereadthenovellastweek,didn’tshe?
Youmusthavetoldheraboutit,haven’tyou?
(2)usedto
反意疑问部分用usedn’t或didn’t
e.g.HeusedtoliveinParis,usedn’t/didn’the?
(3)oughtto
反意疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t
e.g.Youaughttoknowaboutit,oughtn’t/shouldn’tyou?
(4)否定词或半否定词
△seldom,hardly,never,few,little,nothing,nobody,scarcely等,疑问部分用肯定形式
e.g.Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?
TheyhaveneverbeentoAmerica,havethey?
△(5)“否定”意义前缀,反意疑问部分用否定形式
e.g.It’sunfair,isn’tit?
Tomdislikeplayingtennis,doesn’the?
(6)宾语从句
①陈述部分主句含有think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,besure等动词,且主语为第一人称,疑问部分主语和动词与宾语从句主语,时态一致
e.g.Idon’tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?
(前面已有don’t表否定,后面用肯定)
②若陈述句主语是第二/三人称,疑问部分主语和助动词与主句一致
e.g.Tomdoesn’tbelieveJamewillsuueed,doeshe?
Yousaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’tyou?
(7)祈使句的反意疑问句
①否定陈述,willyou?
Don’ttalkanymore,willyou?
②肯定陈述,will/won’tyou?
Fetchmeachair,will/won’tyou?
③Let’s