聚焦科技说明类阅读理解Word文件下载.docx
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如:
GMfood(转基因食品),AIDS(艾滋病),DNA(遗传基因),clone(克隆),gene(基因),bio-technology(生物技术),newenergy(新能源)等。
以2011年为例,各地高考卷中的科普类文章分别涉及到的话题如下:
湖北卷
智能手机支付产业
山东卷
人脑和电脑信息研究的最新突破及将会对残疾人带来的益处
广东卷
可持续性发展(sustainabledevelopment)的可能性和必要性
江苏卷
如何在深海中建立风力涡轮发电,切中了当下最受关注的话题——新能源和可持续
安徽卷
描述了windmills(风车)的起源及各阶段的用途
陕西卷
GMfood(转基因食品)
江西卷
spaceexploration(太空探索)
上海卷
archeology(考古学)
湖南卷
对动物DNA的研究
其次,要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。
科普类文章一般由标题(Headline),导语(Introduction),背景(Background),主体(Mainbody)和结尾(End)五部分构成。
但涉及到具体的文章,不一定每篇文章都面面俱到。
标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题。
因此抓住这类文章的导语就显得尤为重要,导语一般位于整篇文章的首段,是选择标题或确定文章的中心的核心所在。
Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.(2011高考山东卷)
(C)75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenter
B.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanB
rainWorks
C.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabled
D.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries
ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.(2011高考湖南卷)
(C)70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Naturalist’sBeliefaboutElephants.
B.AmazingExperimentaboutElephants
C.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephants
D.ALongscientificDebateaboutElephants
背景交待一个事实的起因。
主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点。
结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。
Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofgrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsifthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltask,butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.(2011高考广东卷)
(A)44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatbusinesseshavemanychancesto______.
A.developsustainableproducts
B.explorenewnaturalresources
C.makefulluseofnaturalresources
D.dealwiththemajorchallenge
Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.(2011高考江苏卷)
(D)65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.
A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmills
B.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbines
C.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblems
D.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea
科技说明类阅读理解3篇
难度:
★★★★☆词数:
453建议阅读时间:
8分钟
FormulaThreeGoesGreen
ResearchersinBritainaredrivingtheenvironmentalmovementtoawholenewlevel.AteamfromtheUniversityofWarwickhasbuiltwhatitcallstheworld'
sfirstcompletelyenvironmentallyfriendlyFormulaThreeracingcar.
Thecarismademainlyofsustainableandrenewablematerials,likeplantsandvegetables.Thestructurearoundthecarismadefromnaturalplantfibersandpotatoes.Thesteeringwheelismadefromrootvegetableslikecarrots.Theengineusesbiofuelmadefromvegetableoilandwastechocolate.
Thenewracecarisextremelyfast.Thecarhasatopspeedof
215kilometersanhour.Anditcangofromzeroto95kilometersanhourinjusttwoandonehalfseconds.TheracecarmeetsalloftheFormulaThreeracingrequirementsexceptforitsbiodiesel(生质柴油)engine.
ThecarresultedfromtheeffortsoftheUniversityofWarwick'
sManufacturingGroupandtheWarwickInnovativeManufacturingResearchCenter.Theydevelopedthecarbecauseofcriticismoftheracingindustry.
Automobileracingisoneofthemostwidelywatchedsportsintheworld.Butitalsoisconsideredoneoftheleastfriendlytotheenvironment.Racecarsburnalotoffuel,andcreatealotofairpollution.
Inrecentyears,theracingindustryhastakenstepstoprotecttheenvironment.Moreracingcompaniesarenowproducingcarsthatuselessenergy.Thesecarsproducelesspollutionthanvehiclesthatdependontraditionalfuels,likegasoline.
Lastyear,twoAmericangovernmentagenciesandaninternationalorganizationannouncedanumberofpoliciesforenvironmentally-friendlyracing.TheyareknownastheGreenRacingProtocols.
ThetwoagenciesaretheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TheorganizationSAEInternationalrepresentsengineersandtechnicalexpertsinthetransportationindustry.OfficialsfromtheAmericanLeMansSeriesalsowereinvolvedintheeffort.
TheAmericanLeMansSeriesbecamethefirstracingeventtousetheprotocolsinitsGreenChallengecompetition.TheracewasheldinOctoberoflastyear.
Lastmonth,theWorldFirstFormulaThreeracingcarwassettoruninitsfirstcompetitiveraceattheFormulaThreeChampionshipFinalatBrandsHatch.Itwouldhavebeenthefirstbiodiesel-poweredcartoraceatFormulaThree.
CurrentFormulaThreerulesletonlygasoline-poweredcarscompete.OfficialsneededpermissionfromalloftheotherFormulaThreeracersforthebiodieselWorldFirstcartocompete.Theywereunabletocontactoneofthedrivers,sotheWorldFirstcarwasbarredfromtheevent.
Intestruns,theWorldFirstcarwasthefifthfastestamongFormulaThreeracecars.Supportersarehopingtohavethefuelissueresolvedintimetocompetenextseason.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribethenewracingcar?
A.eco-friendly,energy-conserving,gasoline-powered
B.biodiesel-powered,fast,environmentally-friendly
C.fast,easily-damaged,intelligent
D.green,fast,cost-effective
2.Theunderlinedword“barred”inthepassagecanbereplacedby“________”.
A.destroyedB.forbiddenC.savedD.excused
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.ThenewracingcarwasbuiltbyBritainandAmericajointly.
B.Thenewracingcarismadecompletelyofsustainableandrenewablematerials.
C.TheGreenRacingProtocolsareaimedatreducingpollution.
D.Thenewracingcarwasthefirstbiodiesel-poweredcartoraceatFormulaThree.
4.Itisimpliedfromthepassagethat________.
A.thenewracingcaristheworld'
sfirstenvironmentallyfriendlycar
B.intheracingeventthenewracingcarwasrankedthefifth
C.thetraditionalracingindustryiscriticizedforitsdamagedonetotheenvironment
D.officialsfromtheFormulaThreehaveapreferenceforbiodiesel-poweredcars
5.Thepassageisintendedto__________.
A.explaintheprincipleofanewracingcar
B.introducetothereadersanenvironmentallyfriendlyracingcar
C.talkaboutthefunctionofaracingcar
D.increasepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection
词汇聚焦
1.有关环境及环境保护方面的词汇:
ecosystem生态系统
ecology生态学
environmentpollution环境污染
environmentalprotection保护环境
trafficemission汽车尾气
greenhouseeffect温室效应
globalwarming全球变暖
newenergy新能源
fossilfuel矿物燃料
sustainabledevelopment可持续性发展
Sustainabledevelopmentisourcountry’slong–termpolicy.
可持续性发展是我国的长期政策。
renewableenergy可再生能源
cleanenergy清洁能源
biofuel生物燃料
environmentally-friendly环保的
2.resultedfrom由……引起
Itisgenerallyconsideredthatglobalwarmingresultsfromhumanactivities.
人们普遍认为全球变暖是由人类活动所引起的。
3.criticism批评
Hereceivedalotofcriticismforhisnegativeattitudetowardsthematch.
他由于对比赛的态度消极而受到批评。
4.takesteps采取措施
Humansmusttakestepstopreventglobalwarming.
人类必须采取措施来阻止全球变暖。
5.resolve解决
Alotoftoughproblemsremaintoberesolvedbeforewerelaxourminds.
很多棘手问题需要解决,如何我们才能轻松一下。
长难句解析
1.AteamfromtheUniversityofWarwickhasbuiltwhatitcallstheworld'
sfirstcompletelyenvironmentallyfriendlyFormulaThreeracingcar.(P1,L1-2)
一个来自Warwick大学的团队建造了它称之为世界上最彻底的环保F3赛车。
句中built后面接what引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中what充当calls的宾语,theworld’sfirstcompletelyenvironmentallyfriendlyFormulaThreeracingcar是宾语补足语。
2.Thesecarsproducelesspollutionthanvehiclesthatdependontraditionalfuels,likegasoline.(P6,L2-3)
这些汽车比依靠传统燃料的车辆(比如汽油)产生的污染要少。
本句使用了less…than…引导的比较状语从句,其中vehicles后面接that引导的定语从句,关系代词that在定语从句中充当主语。
3.Itwouldhavebeenthefirstbiodiesel-poweredcartoraceatFormulaThree.(P10,L2-3)
他本可以成为第一辆靠生质柴油提供动力的F3赛车。
句中wouldhavebeen是含蓄虚拟,表示与过去相反的情况。
所以我们从中可以看出这辆车最终并没有成为第一辆靠生质柴油提供动力的F3赛车。
再如;
Iwouldhaveattendedyourwedding,butIwastoobusy.
我本可以参加你的婚礼的,但我当时太忙了。
答案与解析
1.B.细节理解题。
根据文章,这种新型的赛车靠生质柴油驱动,速度快且有利于环保。
2.B.词义猜测题。
根据所在的语境判断,如果这种赛车想要参赛必须得到其他所有参赛运动员的许可,而他们无法和其中的一名参赛选手取得联系,所以这辆车最终被禁止参赛。
3.C.细节理解题。
根据文章第六段和第七段,这一协议旨在让赛车减少耗油以达到降低对环境造成污染这一目的。
4.C.推理判断题。
根据文章第四段Theydevelopedthecarbecauseofcriticismoftheracingindustry.做出推断。
5.B.主旨大意题。
本文重点向读者介绍一种新型的节能环保赛车。
B
★★★☆☆词数:
413建议阅读时间:
7分钟
ChinaClaimstheFastestComputer
ThetitlehasgonetoChina'
sTianhe-1Asupercomputerthatisabletocarryoutmorethan2.5thousandtrillioncalculationsasecond.
Toreac