00830现代语言学真题精选.docx
《00830现代语言学真题精选.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《00830现代语言学真题精选.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
00830现代语言学真题精选
[填空题]1Pragmatics
参考答案：
Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersoflanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessful
communication.
[填空题]2Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.
参考答案：
voiceless；voiced；voiced
[单项选择题]
3、Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only（）ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesin
English.
A.kibl
B.bkil
C.ilkb
D.ilbk
参考答案：
A
[判断题]
4、Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesame
sense.
参考答案：
错
[单项选择题]
5、Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.
A.gradableantonyms
B.converseantonyms
C.co-hyponyms
D.synonyms
参考答案：
B[填空题]6Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?
参考答案：
Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converse
antonymy.
[填空题]7Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?
参考答案：
Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactual
use.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationofthe
rules.Langueisabstract;
itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;
itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguage
events.Langueisrelatively
stable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;
whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationto
situation.
[填空题]8Givethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsin
English.[k];
[z];
[w];
[
u:
];
[i]
参考答案：
[k]：
voiceless，stop，velar[z]：
voiced，alveolar，fricative[w]：
bilabial，approximant[u：
]：
back，lax，rounded，high[i]：
front，tense，unrounded，high
[填空题]9Givethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsin
English.[k];
[z];
[w];
[
u:
];
[i]
参考答案：
[k]：
voiceless，stop，velar[z]：
voiced，alveolar，fricative[w]：
bilabial，approximant[u：
]：
back，lax，rounded，high[i]：
front，tense，unrounded，high
[判断题]
10、Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemantic
feature.
参考答案：
错
[判断题]
11、“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredication
sentence.
参考答案：
错
[判断题]
12、“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthe
student.”belongtothesamesyntactic
category.
参考答案：
对
[判断题]
13、Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothe
whole.
参考答案：
对
[判断题]
14、Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguish
meaning.
参考答案：
对
[判断题]
15、Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5
morphemes.
参考答案：
错
[判断题]
16、Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot
morpheme.
参考答案：
对
[判断题]
17、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicatures
arise.
参考答案：
对
[判断题]
18、Thecompoundword"bookstore"
istheplacewherebooksare
sold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofits
components.
参考答案：
错
[判断题]
19、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberof
reasons.
参考答案：
错
[单项选择题]
20、Thesentencestructureis（）.
A.onlylinear
B.onlyhierarchical
C.complex
D.bothlinearandhierarchical
参考答案：
D
[单项选择题]
21、Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedin
isolation.
A.pragmatic
B.grammatical
C.mental
D.conceptual
参考答案：
B更多内容请访问《睦霖题库》微信公众号
[单项选择题]
22、Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）is
considered.
A.reference
B.speechact
C.context
D.practicalusage
参考答案：
C[单项选择题]
23、“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa（n）（）.
A.entailment
B.presupposition
C.anomaly
D.contradiction
参考答案：
D
[单项选择题]
24、Thesentence“Thebaby
smiled.”isa（）.
A.two-placepredication
B.three-placepredication
C.no-placepredication
D.one-placepredication
参考答案：
D
[单项选择题]
25、Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.
A.+animate，+male，+human，+adult
B.+animate，+male，+human，-adult
C.+animate，-male，+human，-adult
D.+animate，-male，+human，+adult
参考答案：
A
[单项选择题]
26、Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.
A.arbitrary
B.non-arbitrary
C.logical
D.non-productive
参考答案：
A
[单项选择题]
27、Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t]
[d]
[s]
[z]
[n]sharethefeatureof（）.
A.palatalB.alveolar
C.bilabial
D.dental
参考答案：
B
[单项选择题]
28、Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressive
aspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.
A.phonemes
B.morphemes
C.allophones
D.phones
参考答案：
B
[单项选择题]
29、Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）
phonetics.
A.auditory
B.acoustic
C.articulatory
D.noneoftheabovethree
参考答案：
C
[单项选择题]
30、InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.
A.aphonemiccontrast
B.complementarydistribution
C.assimilation
D.aminimalpair
参考答案：
D
[单项选择题]
31、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"
linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe（）.
A.prescriptive
B.sociolinguistic
C.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic
参考答案：
C
[填空题]32Duality
参考答案：
Duality:
Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherof
meanings.Atthelowerorthebasiclevel,thereisthestructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless,discrete,individual
sounds.Butthesoundsoflanguagecanbecombinedaccordingtorulesintounitsofmeaningsuchasmorphemesand
words.
[填空题]33Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionand
production.
参考答案：
Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguage
centers.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformand
pronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethe
words.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitisthen
interpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisual
pattern.
[填空题]34WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?
参考答案：
Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguistic
elements.For
example.thephrase“theoldmenandwomen”mayhavetwointerpretations
i.e.theadjective“old”maymodifythenoun“men”orthefollowingtwonouns“menandwomen”.Linearorderanalysiscannottellthis
difference.soitis
ambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifference
clear.
So.wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructure
analysis.
（NPNPNPNPNPNPTheoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheold
women.
[填空题]35acculturation
参考答案：
Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguage
community.
[填空题]36registers
参考答案：
Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomary
users.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituational
dialects.
[填空题]37ethnicdialect
参考答案：
Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage，oftencuttingacrossregional
differences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation，suchasracialdiscriminationor
segregation.
[填空题]38protolanguage
参考答案：
Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedto
exist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelated
languages.
[填空题]39locutionaryact
参考答案：
Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，and
clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconand
phonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterally
mean.
[填空题]40inflectionalmorphemesn
参考答案
升级会员 