上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习1.docx
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上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习1
上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习1
A
1.ableadj.有能力的;能干的
【短语】beableto能,会
用able的适当形式填空
1)IamsureBenhasthe_____tofinishtheworkbyhimself.ability
2)Hewassoexcitedthathewas_____tosayaword.unable
3)ExcellentEnglish_____himtogettheoffereasily.enables
2.aboutprep.关于;对于:
【辨析】about与on:
about指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。
1)Itissaidthatabout_____studentswilltakepartintheEnglishContestthiscomingFriday.
A.fivehundredB.fivehundredsC.hundredsofD.fivehundredof
2)about\on
①Theclassteacherwastalkingwithmymother_____mybehaviorintheclassroom.about
②Theyarediscussing_____thedateofholdingtheopeningceremony.on
3.aboveprep.在……上面:
Thelamphangsabovethebed.灯挂在床的上方。
【辨析】above与over:
两者都可表示“高于”,over主要表示垂直方向的正上方,而above则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。
1)Thereisabridge_____theriver.over
2)Isawtheplanesflying_____thehills.above
4.abroadadv.到国外,在国外:
Iwanttostudyabroadinthefuture.将来我想在国外学习。
Hisfriendsaregoingabroadonholiday.他的朋友准备出国休假。
【辨析】abroad与aboard:
abroad意为到国外;aboard意为登机、登船
1)他和朋友准备出国休假。
________________________________________________
Heisgoingabroadonholidaywithhisfriends.
2)我们在船上过了两个月。
____________________________________________
Wespenttwomonthsaboard.
5.acrossprep.穿过,横穿:
Becarefulacrosstheroad.过马路要小心。
【注意】across是介词,不是动词,与之意义相近的动词形式是cross,注意不要混淆。
Becarefulwhenyoucome_____thestreet,becausethetrafficisverybusyatthemoment.Ifyouareunderfive,youshould_______thestreetwithanadult.
A.across,acrossB.across,crossC.cross,crossD.cross,across
6.activeadj.积极的:
用active的适当形式填空
1)Harryisdreamingofbeingan_____likeTomCruise.actor
2)Healwaystakesanactivepartintheclass_____.(保持原意不变)activities
He_____always_____intheclass_____.Is,active,activities
3)Thegovernmentoughttotake_____tostrengthentheeconomicgrowth.Action
7.affordv.有足够的(钱,时间)做某事:
Todaymanyfamiliescanaffordacar.如今很多家庭买得起车。
Icannotaffordthetimetogotothemarkettoday.今天我抽不出时间去市场了。
【用法】通常与can,beableto等连用;后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。
他家境比较贫寒,以至于负担不起他的大学费用。
_____________________________________________________________
Hisfamilywassopoorthathecouldn’taffordthecollegeexpenses.
8.afraidadj.害怕的:
Mostpeopleareafraidofsnake.大多数人都怕蛇。
【短语】beafraidof害怕:
Heisafraidofnothing.他什么都不怕。
【用法】是表语形容词,一般不能放在名词前作定语。
9.afterprep.&conj.在……之后;在……后面
Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplaybasketball.(同义句转换)
__________hishomework,hewentouttoplaybasketball.Afterfinishing
10.agreev.同意,赞成:
Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.在那一点上我同意你的观点。
【说明】后接动词要用不定式,不用动名词。
汤姆的言行不一致。
_________________________________________
Tom’swordsdon’tagreewithhisactions.
他不同意采用我的建议。
________________________________________
Hedidn’tagreetotakemyadvice.
11.aliveadj.活着的:
Thefishisstillalive.鱼还是活的。
Heisalone,butluckytobealive.他孤单一人,但所幸还活着。
【辨析】alive,living和live:
三者均可表示“活着的”,alive主要作表语,可用于人或动物。
如:
Hemustbestillalive.他一定还活着。
living可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物。
Live做形容词应该用于liveshow“现场直播”。
Ifthereisnosun,therewillbeno_____thingsontheearth,thatmeansnothingcanbe_____.
A.alive,livingB.living,aliveC.living,liveD.alive,live
12.allowv.允许,准许
Areweallowedtositdown.?
能允许我们坐下吗?
【短语】allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事:
1)Peoplearenotallowed____inthecinema,buttheywillallow____intherestroom.
Atosmoke,smokeBsmoking,tosmoke
Ctosmoke,smokingDsmoking,smoke
2)Wemustn’tsmokeintheoffice.(同义句转换)
We__________tosmokeintheoffice.Aren’tallowed
We__________smokingintheoffice.Aren’tallowed
13.aloneadv.独自,单独地;adj.单独的,独自的:
Iwanttotalkwithyoualone.我想和你单独谈谈。
Iwasaloneinthehouse.房子里只有我一个人。
Thoughhelives_____,heneverfeels_____.
A.lonely,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.alone,alone
14.amazev.使……大为惊讶,使惊愕
【短语】beamazedat/by对……感到惊讶
Iwasamazedat/byhercalmness.我对她的镇定感到吃惊。
他居然还活着使她感到惊异。
__________________________________________________
Shewasamazedthathewasstillalive.
他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。
__________________________________________________
Heamazedeveryonebypassinghisdrivingtest.
15.angryadj.发怒的,生气的:
Hewassoangrywithhisbrother.他很生弟弟的气。
【短语】beangrywithsb对某人发脾气beangryat/aboutsth对某事生气:
1)父母最好不要经常对孩子发脾气。
________________________________________________
Parentshadbetternotoftenbeangrywithchildren.
2)他总是为一些事生气。
________________________________________________
Heisalwaysgettingangryaboutsomething.
3)Helooked_____whenhesawhisnaughtyson,soheshoutedathim_____.Angry,angrily
Tohisgreat_____,only15%studentspassedtheexamination.(angry)anger
16.anotheradj.&pron.另一个(的);又一个(的):
1)Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethan_____fourpercent.
A.anyotherB.theotherC.anotherD.other
2)ThereissomethingwrongwithouroldTVset.Sowedecidetobuy_____one.
A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.another
3)---Whatdoes“refrigerator”mean?
---It’s_____wayofsayingfridge.Wecallitfriedforshort.
A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theothers
17.anyadj.什么;一些;任何的可与body,one,thing搭配构成不定代词
【用法】常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。
1)Themountainistoohighfor_____togettothetopofitinanhour.
A.everyoneB.nooneC.someoneD.anyone
2)Areyougoingtomake_____forthefoodfestival?
A.anythingspecialB.specialanything
C.somethingspecialD.specialsomething
3)Don’ttell_____.It’sasecretbetweenyouandme.
A.someoneelseB.someoneC.anyoneelseD.anyone
4)Iwant_____toread,_____willdo.
A.something,anythingB.anything,anything
C.something,somethingD.anything,something
18.appearv.出现,露面
用appear的适当形式填空
1)Thethiefranawayand_____inthedarkness.disappeared
19.arrivev.到达,抵达某地
【辨析】arrive,get和reach:
三者均可表示“到达”,区别如下:
arrive和get均不可直接接宾语,但可接here,there,home之类的表地点的副词作状语。
reach可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
1)HasthetrainfromTibet_____?
Iamlookingforwardtomeetingmyoldfriends.
A.arrivedB.reachedC.gottoD.arrivedin
2)What’sthedepartureand_____timeofthenexttrain?
(arrive)arrival
20.asconj.按照,如同;因为,由于
1)作为一名好老师,他很关心自己的学生。
_________________________________________________________
Asagoodteacher,hecaresabouthisstudentsverymuch.
2)我没有去看那部电影,因为我认为它不够吸引人。
_________________________________________________________
Ididn’twatchthefilm,asIthoughtitwasn’tattractive.
3)虽然雨下得很大,但我还是像平常一样去上学。
_________________________________________________________
ItisrainingheavilybutIgotoschoolasusual.
4)Jeanworkshardbutshedoesn’twork_____Mary.
A.asharderthanB.ashardthanC.asharderasD.ashardas
5)Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.
A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeas
C.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas
21.asleep,sleeping,sleepy
1)Assoonashewenttobed,hefell_____.asleep
2)It’snecessaryforyoutotakea_____bagwhenyouwanttogoforapicnic.sleeping
3)Ifeltso_____thatIcouldn’tmakemyeyesopenanymore.sleepy
22.atprep.在
口头说出下列的短语
atall(用于否定句)一点也不atleast至少,起码
atmidnight在半夜atnight在晚上,在夜里
atschool在学校atsea在大海上
attheageof在……岁时atthebeginningof开始;……起初
attheendof在……结尾,到……尽头atthemoment此刻
atthesametime同时
23.attackv.攻击,袭击attractv.吸引
Threemenattackedhimandstolehismoney.三个人袭击了他,抢走了他的钱。
Thefilmstarattractsmanyfans.这位电影明星吸引了大群的影迷。
1)The2010WorldExpo_____alargenumberofvisitorsallovertheworld.attracted
2)Thefilmisso_____thatIcan’thelpseeingitagainandagain.attractive
3)Thesoldiers_____quietlytheJapaneseandachievethesuccessofthisbattle.attacked
B
1.bad(worse,worst)adj.坏的,严重的
1)Itlooksliketheweatherischangingfor____,shallwesticktoourplan?
A.theworseB.worseC.theworstD.worst
2)Theairispollutedandourhealthisgetting____________and_____.
A.seriously,bad,worseB.serious,badly,worse
C.seriously,worse,worseD.serious,worse,worse
3)Rosecaughta_____coldandhasbeen____illfordays.
A.bad,badB.bad,badlyC.badly,badD.badly,badly
2.beat(beat,beaten)v.打败;敲打
Finally,theTigerTeam_____theBearTeam.
A.hitB.wonC.beatD.defeated
3.beautifuladj.美丽的,漂亮的
Weareallamazedatthe_____ofnature.(beautiful)beauty
4.becauseconj.因为
Wedidn’tgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.(同义句转换)
Wedidn’tgooutforawalk__________________________.becauseoftheheavyrain
5.beforeprep.在……之前
1)在父亲回来之前我已经做完了作业。
___________________________________________________________
Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemyfathercameback.
6.besideprep.在……旁边besidesprep.除了
Ourschoolisbesidetheriver.我们学校在江边。
Comeandsitbesideme.过来,坐在我身边。
1)Wegotoschooleveryday_____SaturdayandSunday.
A.exceptB.besideC.exceptforD.besides
2)Themoviewasgood_____theending.
A.besideB.exceptC.exceptforD.besides
3)Ivisitedthetempleatthetopofthehill.Therewerethreemorevisitors_____me.
A.besideB.exceptforC.exceptD.besides
7.bestadj.最好的
【短语】doone’sbest尽力:
Youmustdoyourbest.你必须全力以赴。
best-sellern.畅销货(书):
Thebest-selleratthebookshopisHarleyEnglish.书店里的畅销书是哈利英语。
1)AllofusareproudofthegreatchangesinShanghai.We’resureShanghaiwillbeeven_____tomorrow.
A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest
2)Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinselling