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托福真题老师
SectionTwo:
StructureandWrittenExpression
1.crumblesreadilywhenexposedtoamoist,acidatmosphere,butthestoneisdurableinadryatmosphere.
(A)Thesurfaceofmarbleis
(B)Thesurfaceofmarble,which
(C)Althoughthesurfaceofmarble
(D)Thesurfaceofmarble
2.Byusingtheirtrunks,elephantscantelltheshapeofanobjectandisroughorsmooth,orhotorcold.
(A)it
(B)whetherit
(C)how
(D)sinceit
3.In1989CarretHongowaschosenasforthePulitzerPrizeinpoetry.
(A)hisbeingoneofthefinalists
(B)tobeoneofthefinalists
(C)oneofthefinalists
(D)theonefinalistwho
4.TheMoonismuchclosertoEarthistheSun,andthusithadgreaterinfluenceonthetides.
(A)unlike
(B)than
(C)but
(D)where
5.Thebrainofanaverageadultisoneofthelargestorgansofthebody,aboutthreepounds.
(A)weighs
(B)isweighed
(C)weighing
(D)toweighit
6.Throughouthistorydifferentrepresentationsfornumbersandforthebasicprocessofcounting.
(A)havebeenmany
(B)therehavebeenmany
(C)many
(D)whenmany
7.Democraticgovernmentsconstantlyfacetheproblemofbalancingtheindividualwiththeneedsofsociety.
(A)therightsof
(B)totherightsfor
(C)fortherightsto
(D)withtherightsby
8.ConnecticutwasthefifthoftheoriginalthirteenstatestheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.
(A)ratified
(B)ratify
(C)toratify
(D)haveratified
9.Thechemicalcompositionofsandstoneisthesameas
(A)thatofsand
(B)thatsandis
(C)sandisthat
(D)whatofsand
10.Hydrofoilscanexceed75milesperhour,ascomparedwithconventionalwatercraft,whosemaximumspeedsapproach50milesperhour.
(A)arerarely
(B)rarely
(C)ofrarely
(D)theyrarely
11.Itwasnovelistandpoetin1968foundedJacksonStateUniversity'sInstitutefortheStudyoftheHistory,Life,andCultureofBlackPeople.
(A)MargaretWalkerdid
(B)MargaretWalker
(C)MargaretWalkerwho
(D)MargaretWalkerand
12.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,AmericanIndianswereusingvirgincopperintoornaments,knives,andotherartifacts.
(A)Whichwashammering
(B)whichhammered
(C)washammered
(D)hammered
13.InwesternNorthAmerica,formtheGreatDivide,whichseparatestheareasfromwhichwatersfloweithereastwardtotheAtlanticorwestwardtothePacific.
(A)theRockyMountains
(B)wheretheRockyMountains
(C)theRockyMountainsinwhich
(D)therearetheRockyMountains
14.Someecologistsbelievemorethan50percentofexistingspecieswillbelostinthenext100years.
(A)because
(B)that
(C)whilethereis
(D)thatthereare
15.Almostsubstancesexpandinvolumewhenheatedandcontractwhencooled.
(A)all
(B)theyall
(C)allof
(D)allare
16.Achildren'slibrarianoftenconductsstoryhoursandotheractivitiestohelpchildren
AB
enjoyherselfwhiledevelopinganinterestinreadingandthelibrary'sresources.
CD
17.Titaniumhasthestrengthofsteelbutweighshalfonlyasmuch,henceitsadvantage
ABC
foruseinaircraft.
D
18.Protectivebehaviorsofamphibiansincludehidinginthepresenceofdangerand
AB
havingcolorationsuchcloselymatchingtheenvironmentthattheanimalisnot
CD
obvious.
19.Asthehighest-paidstarofthesilentscreen,earningareputedlyincomeof$20,000
ABC
aweek,GloriaSwansonepitomizedtheglamourofHollywoodinthe1920's.
D
20.Candlesmaybemadebyrepeatedlydippingwicksintallow,bymolding,norby
AB
pouringmeltedwaxoverthewicksandrollingthemintoshape.
CD
21.Whilemodelsofautomobilesdatebackasfarasthelate1600's,the1880's
AB
seenthefirstcommercialinterestinthevehicle.
CD
22.Theconceptualofmusicalharmonyisgenerallytracedtotheninthcenturybecause
ABC
itisfirstmentionedintreatisesofthatperiod.
D
23.Palcontologistshaveexaminedfossilembryosandhatchlingsfromthreetypeof
ABC
duck-billeddinosaurstofigureouthowtheymatured.
D
24.Lightningtendstostrikethenearestgoodconductor,andhenceoftenstrikes
AB
insameplacemorethanonce.
CD
25.Whenstudydifferentculturesandsocieties,anthropologistsoftenfocusonmarriage
AB
asacontractualagreementbetweendifferentparties.
CD
26.ThefirstpilotedballoonflightacrosstheAtlanticOceantookplaceat1978.
ABCD
27.TheArtsandCraftsMovementofthelatenineteenthcenturystrovetorevitalizing
A
handicraftsandappliedartsduringaneraofincreasingmassproduction.
BCD
28.Whencannedusingpropermethods,foodsuffersnolossinvitaminsoranother
ABCD
nutritiveelements.
29.Heatexhaustioniscausingbyexcessivelossofbodyfluidsandbodysalts.
ABCD
30.Primitivehumansprobablydidnotdeliberatelycookfooduntillongaftertheyhad
AB
learnedtousefireforlightandwarm.
CD
31.ThepoorconditionofprisonersarewhatconcernedDorotheaDix,anAmerican
ABC
socialworkeranddirectorofaschoolinBoston.
D
32.Foundintheshellsoflobsters,shrimp,andcrabs,glucosamineisalsopresent
ABC
inhumancartilage,whichcoveringthebonesinjoints.
D
33.Between1871until1891,thepopulationofTorontomorethantripled,increasing
ABC
from56,000to181,000.
D
34.Inthenineteenthcentury,Montrealgrewintoanimportanttransportationand
AB
industrialcenter,aidedbyitsmanynaturalresourcesandanabundantof
CD
hydroelectricpower.
35.Intheinitialplanningfortheaters,auditoriums,butanyroomintendedprimarily
ABC
forlistening,acousticsisamajorconsideration.
D
36.Thepulsethatmaybefeltwhereveranarterypassesoverasolidstructure,suchas
ABC
aboneorcartilage.
D
37.Throughhisessays,poems,andlectures,RalphWaldoEmersonestablishedhimself
AB
asamajorthinkerofhistimeandasafigureleadingofAmericanliterature.
CD
38.The"method",whichisbothastyleofactingasystemoftrainingfortheactor,
AB
stressesinnermotivationandpsychologicaltruth.
CD
39.OnSeptember6,1996,civilrightsactivistRosaParkswasawardedthePresidential
AB
MedalofFreedom,thehighesthonortheUnitedStatesgovernmentgivestocivilian.
CD
40.Basalt,whichcomposesmostoftheoceanfloor,isadark-greyrockrichiniron
ABCD
andmagnesiumthanmostsurfacerocks.
SectionThree:
ReadingComprehension
Question1-10
ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductintheeighteenthand
nineteenthcenturieswascotton,favoredbytheEuropeantextileindustryoverflaxor
woolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotiletouch.Mechanizationofspinning
Lineandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduring
5thisperiod,andatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.American
producerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftileinventionofthecottongin
byEliWhitneyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthe
fiber---orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelatively
easytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthe
10baseoftheflower,butitdemandedalonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthe
nation'seasternseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,
buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercould
hand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachine
withrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,
15aworkercouldproduceupto'50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflarger
gins,poweredbyhorses,water,orsteam,multipliedproductivityfurther.
Theinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtotherapidspreadof
thecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproduction.ItbecamethemainAmerican
export,dwarfingallothers.In1802,cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmerican
20exportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andovera50percentshare
in1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.
Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmerican
exportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.The
growingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoan
25unprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfofthe
UnitedStates---westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.
1.Themainpointofthepassageisthattheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturieswereatimewhen
(A)theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts
(B)mechanizationofspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry
(C)cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess
(D)cottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct
2.Theword"favored"inline2isclosestinmeaningto
(A)preferred
(B)recommended
(C)imported
(D)included
3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandfor
cottonEXCEPT
(A)cotton'ssoftness
(B)cotton'seaseofprocessing
(C)ashortageofflaxandwool
(D)thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry.
4.Theword"laborious"inline8isclosestinmeaningto
(A)unfamiliar
(B)primitive
(C)skilled
(D)difficult
5.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofseaislandcottonwasits
(A)abundanceofseeds
(B)longfibers
(C)longgrowingseason
(D)adaptabilitytodifferentclimates
6.Whicho