工程硕士英语复习题安全工程.docx

工程硕士英语复习题安全工程.docx

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工程硕士英语复习题安全工程

Ａ卷

2012—2013学年第2学期

《工程硕士基础英语》试卷

专业班级

姓名

考试日期2013年6月30日

题号

I

II

III

IV

V

总分

得分

阅卷人

EnglishExaminationforMastersofEngineeringA

PartIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Somehousesaredesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.AnexampleofthesecondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.

LocatedontheshoreofSullivan’sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,theaward-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttoreplaceonesmashedtopiecesbyHurricane（飓风）Hugo10yearsago.InSeptember1989,HugostruckSouthCarolina,killing18peopleanddamagingordestroying36,000homesinthestate.

BeforeHugo,manynewhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina’sshorelinewerepoorlyconstructed,andenforcementofbuildingcodeswasn’tstrict,accordingtoarchitectRayHuff,whocreatedthecleverly-designedbeachhouse.InHugo’swake,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,better-enforcedcodes.ThenewbeachhouseonSullivan’sIslandshouldbeabletowithstandaCategory3hurricanewithpeakwindsof179to209kilometersperhour.

Atfirstsight,thehouseonSullivan’sIslandlooksanythingbuthurricane-proof.Itsredwoodshellmakesitresemble“alargepartylantern”atnight,accordingtooneobserver.Butlookscanbedeceiving.Thehouse’swoodenframeisreinforcedwithlongsteelrodstogiveitextrastrength.

Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage,Huffraisedit2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings—long,slendercolumnsofwoodanchoreddeepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrongenoughtosupporttheweightofthehouse.Theyalsoelevatethehouseabovestormsurges.Thepilingsallowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit.“Theseswellsofwatercomeashoreattremendousspeedsandcausemostofthedamagedonetobeach-frontbuildings,”saidHuff.

Huffdesignedthetimberpilingstobepartiallyconcealedbythehouse’sground-to-roofshell.“Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthehousedoesn’tlooklikeit’sstandingwithitspantlegspulledup,”saidHuff.Intheeventofastormsurge,theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,thearchitectexplained.

1.AfterthetragedycausedbyHurricaneHugo,newhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina’sshorelinearerequired______.

A.tobeeasilyreinforcedB.tolooksmarterindesign

C.tomeetstricterbuildingstandardsD.tobedesignedintheshapeofcubes

2.Theaward-winningbeachhouseisquitestrongbecause______.

A.itisstrengthenedbysteelrodsB.itismadeofredwood

C.itisintheshapeofashellD.itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete

3.Huffraisedthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilingsinorderto______.

A.withstandpeakwindsofabout200km/h

B.anchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesand

C.breakhugeseawavesintosmallerones

D.preventwaterfromrushingintothehouse

4.Themainfunctionoftheshellis______.

A.tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouse

B.togivethehouseabetterappearance

C.toprotectthewoodenframeofthehouse

D.toslowdownthespeedoftheswellingwater

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheshellshouldbe______.

A.fancy-lookingB.waterproof

C.easilybreakableD.extremelystrong

Passage2

Weuseemotivelanguagetoexpressourownattitudesandfeelings.Wealsodirectemotivelanguageatotherpeopletopersuadethemtobelieveaswedoortodoaswewantthemtodo;andofcourse,otherpeopledirectemotivelanguageatustogetustobelieveortodowhattheywant.

Wearesubjectedtoaconstantstreamofpersuasiondayin,dayout,athomeandinschool,ontheradioandontelevision.Itcomesfromparentsandteachers,frompreachersandpoliticians,fromeditorsandcommentators,but,mostofall,ofcourse,fromadvertisers.Mostofthispersuasionisexpressedinemotivelanguageandisintendedtoappealtoourfeelingsratherthantobeweighedupbyourpowersofreasoning.

Weshouldlookatthemotivesbehindallthispersuasion.Whydotheywanttopersuadeus?

Whatdotheywantustodo?

Wearenotthinkingveryclearlyunlesswetrytoseethroughtheveilofwordsandrealizesomethingofthespeaker'spurpose.

Anappealtoemotionisinitselfneithergoodorbad.Ouremotionsexistandtheyarepartofourpersonality.Onsomeoccasionspeopleappealtoouremotionsonthehighestlevelsandfromthebestofmotives.AcaseinpointisChurchill’swartimespeeches:

whateverpeoplethoughtofChurchillasapolitician,theywereunitedbehindhimwhenhespokeasanationalleaderinthosedarkdaystheirfeelingsrespondedtohiscallforresolutionandunity.

Itisacharacteristicofsocialgroupsthatthemembershaveafeelingofpersonalattachmenttothegroup—tothefamilyinearliestchildhoodandextendinglatertotheschool,theteam,thechurch,thenation,inpatternsthatvaryfromtimetotime.Henceaspeakerfromourgroupwillfindinusfeelingstowhichhecanreadilyandgenuinelyappeal,whetherourreactionisfavorableornot.Weareatleastopentotheappealandweappreciatethecontextinwhichitismade.

6.Themajorfunctionsofemotivelanguagediscussedinthepassageareto______.

A.extendourpowersofreasoningandcarryoutapurpose

B.advertiseandproducethewantedsocialeffects

C.showone’sFeelingsandappealtothoseofothers

D.makeothersbelieveinusandrespondtoourfeeling

7.Itissuggestedinthethirdparagraphofthispassagethatwe______.

A.shouldkeepacoolheadwhensubjectedtopersuasionsofvariouskinds

B.needtojudgewhetherapersuasionismadeforgoodorbad

C.havetocarefullyuseouremotivelanguage

D.shouldavoidbeingeasilyseenthroughbyanappealfromothers

8.Thesourcefromwhichemotivelanguageflowsuponusinitsgreatestamountis______.

A.themassmediaB.theeducationalinstitutions

C.thereligiouscirclesD.theadvertisingbusiness

9.Churchillismentionedinthepassageas______.

A.anexampleofhowpeopleweigheduppersuasionwithreasoning

B.apositiveexampleofappealingtopeople’semotion

C.anationalleaderwhobroughtoutpeople’sbestfeelings

D.apoliticianwhohasbeenknownasagoodspeaker

10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapersuasivespeakermust______.

A.findoutwhatgrouphisaudienceisattachedto

B.varyhisspeechpatternsfromtimetotime

C.knowhowtoadapthiswayofspeakingtotheneedsoftheaudience

D.beawarewhetherthelistenersarefavorabletohisopinionornot

Passage3

Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworth-while—andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense“pleasure”—findinglifeenjoyable—arenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold“Youcan’thaveitall.”Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:

“Youchoseacareer,soyoucan’texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife,”or“Youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren—What’sallthisaboutwantingacareer?

”Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem,asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe“doing”sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism.Itistiedmorecloselytothe“feeling”sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.

Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.

Awoman’swell-beingisenhancedwhenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles—marriages,motherhood,andemployment—werethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.

A.forwomen,asenseof“mastery”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“pleasure”

B.asenseof“mastery”andasenseof“pleasure”arebothindispensabletowomen

C.womencan’thaveasenseof“mastery”andasenseofpleasureatthesametime

D.forwomen,asenseof“pleasure”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“mastery”

12.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswomenhavingacareeris______.

A.positiveB.critical

C.neutralD.realistic

13.Onecanconcludefromthepassagethatifawomantakesonseveralsocialroles,______.

A.itwillbeeasierforhertoovercomestressandstrain

B.shewillbemoresuccessfulinhercareer

C.thechancesofgettingpromotedwillbegreater

D.herlifewillberi