学年山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版.docx

学年山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版.docx

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学年山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版

山西省大同市第一中学2017-2018学年高一12月月考

英语试题

一．阅读理解

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

HiddenfromthenoiseofWashington,D.C.,HillwoodMuseumisaspecialtreasure.Itcontains（包含）oneofthefinestpersonalcollections（收藏）ofRussianandFrenchartintheworld.

HillwoodMuseumwasoncethehomeofMarjorieMerriweatherPost.Shewasarichbusinesswoman.SheownedoneofthelargestfoodcompaniesintheUnitedStates.ShewasalsoveryinterestedincollectingbeautifulFrenchartandfurniture.

ShemovedtoRussiainthe1930sasherthirdhusband,JosephDavies,becametheAmericanambassador（大使）inMoscow.MarjorieMerriweatherPosthadaloveforRussianartaswell.SheboughtthehouseinWashingtonin1955andshewantedtomakeitintoamuseumafterherdeath.ManyartexpertshelpedMrs.Postcreateitsfinecollection.

Hillwoodhasmanyroomswhicharefilledwithhertreasures.VisitorscanseebeautifulmusicboxesfromtheeighteenthcenturyandcolorfulpaintingsofEuropeanprincesses（公主）.ExpertssaytheancientwoodandgoldfurniturefromFranceissomeofthefinestevermade.VisitorscanevenlookatMrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.

Themuseumalsohasseveralbeautifulgardens.OneisdesignedlikethegardensinJapan.Ithasabridgeandvisitorscanwatchflowersfloatinginthewater.Flowersarealsogrownalltheyearinaspecialglassbuildingorgreenhouse.Theseflowersareplacedinthehousethroughouttheyear.

Afterawalk,visitorscanrestatanearbyeatingplace.Theycanalsobuyobjectstorememberthisspecialmuseum.

1.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthatMarjorieMerriweatherPost.

A.livednearHillwoodMuseum

B.ownedafoodcompanyinFrance

C.wasasuccessfulbusinesswoman

D.wasgoodatpaintinganddesigning

2.MarjorieMerriweatherPostmovedtoRussiabecause.

A.shelikedtheenvironmentthere

B.herhusbandhadajobthere

C.shewantedtocollectartworks

D.shehopedtomeetsomeartexperts

3.WhichofthefollowingtreasuresisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.PaintingsofJapaneseprincesses.

B.Mrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.

C.Ancientwoodandgoldfurniture.

D.Eighteenthcentury’smusicboxes.

4.Whatisspecialaboutthemuseum’sgardens?

A.Therearesomerockhills.

B.TheyareallbuiltinJapanesestyle.

C.Flowersaregrownalltheyear.

D.Therearesomerestaurants.

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C

【解析】HillwoodMuseum是一个特殊的宝库。

本文介绍它的特殊之处。

1.C

推理判断题。

根据第二段中Shewasarichbusinesswoman.SheownedoneofthelargestfoodcompaniesintheUnitedStates.可知，MarjorieMerriweatherPost是一个成功的商人。

故选C。

2.B

细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句ShemovedtoRussiainthe1930sasherthirdhusband,JosephDavies,becametheAmericanambassador（大使）inMoscow.可知，MarjorieMerriweatherPost搬到俄罗斯是因为她的丈夫在那里。

故选B。

3.A

细节理解题。

根据第四段中VisitorscanseebeautifulmusicboxesfromtheeighteenthcenturyandcolorfulpaintingsofEuropeanprincesses（公主）.ExpertssaytheancientwoodandgoldfurniturefromFranceissomeofthefinestevermade.VisitorscanevenlookatMrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.可知，B/C/D都被提到，只有A没有被提到。

4.C

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中Flowersarealsogrownalltheyearinaspecialglassbuildingorgreenhouse.可知它的特殊之处就是一年四季都种花。

故选C。

B

Insomescience-fictionmovies,robotsrefusetodienomatterhowpeoplefightback（反击）.Now,ithasturnedintoafact.Forthefirsttime,researchershavecreatedarobotthatcantakeabeating（挨打）andkeeponworking.DevelopedbyscientistsfromCornellUniversityandtheUniversityofVermont,thenewrobotlookslikeaspiderwithfourlegs.

Untilnow,eventhemostadvancedrobotwasalmostcertaintobreakdownwhendamaged.That’sbecauseitscomputerdoesn’tknowhowtooperatethemachineafteritsshapehasbeenchanged.

Tosolvethisproblem,thescientistsputsomesensors（传感器）intothemachine.Thesensorscanreadhowthemachineisworkingandsendsignalstothecomputer.

Usingthisinformation,thesystemfollowsanewwaytotellthemachine’sshapeatanygivenmoment.Thecomputerconsidersalotofpossiblenextsteps,anditcalculateshowbesttomovetherobotforwardthelongestpossibledistance,beforetryingtomoveitagain.

Thenewtechnologyisamajoradvanceinrobotics（机器人技术）,scientistssay.Itmaysomedayhelpresearcherscreatebetterartificialarmsandlegsthatgivenewfreedomtopeoplewholackthem.Thenewknowledgemightalsohelpscientistsunderstandhowpeopleandanimalstelltheirownsenseofplaceinspace.

“Designingrobotsthatcanfitchangingenvironmentshasbeenadifficultproblem,”saysscientistOlafSpornsofIndianaUniversity.“Thisworkprovidesanewwaytowardsolvingthisimportantproblem.”

5.Whydorobotseasilybreakdownwhentheyaredamaged?

A.Theycannotrepairthemselves.

B.Thecomputerhaschangedalot.

C.Theyhavenothingspecialtoprotectthem.

D.Thecomputercannotoperateachangedrobot.

6.Howdothesensorsintherobotwork?

A.Theycanreplacethecomputerwhenit’sbroken.

B.Theycanfindoutwherethedamagecomesfrom.

C.Theyhelpthecomputerlearntherobot’scondition.

D.Theycansendsignalstothepersonwhousestherobot.

7.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph5refersto“”.

A.robotsB.armsandlegs

C.sensorsD.researchers

8.WhatdoesOlafSpornsthinkofthenewrobot?

A.Hedoesnotexpresshisopinionsclearly.

B.Hedoubtsifitcanworkwellinreallife.

C.Hethinksitisagreatdevelopmentinrobotics.

D.Hethinksmoreexperimentsareneededtotestit.

【答案】5.D6.C7.B8.C

【解析】这篇文章讲述了为了解决机器人一旦被损坏就不能工作的问题，科学家给机器人里面放了八个发动机和两个传感器，这个新的技术还能帮助科学家给人们创造出更好的假肢。

5.D

细节题。

根据文章Thatisbecauseitscomputerinsidesimplydoesn’tknowhowtomakethemachineworkafteritsshapehaschanged. 可知，当机器人被毁坏了就很容易发生故障，是因为如果机器人改变了，电脑就不能工作了。

故选D。

6.C

细节题。

根据文章第三段可知，传感器能够帮助电脑了解机器人的情况。

故选C。

7.B

词义猜测题。

根据文章Itmaysomedayhelpscientistscreatebetterartificial（假的）armsandlegsandgivenewfreedomtopeoplewholose them.机器人有一天能够帮助科学家发明出更好的假肢，帮助那些失去了胳膊和腿的人重新获得自由。

可知，them的意思是armsandlegs。

故选B。

8.C

推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Designingrobotsthatcanfitchangingenvironmentshasbeenadifficultproblem,”saysscientistOlafSpornsofIndianaUniversity.“Thisworkprovidesanewwaytowardsolvingthisimportantproblem.”可知，他认为这是机器人技术的一大发展。

故选C。

【名师点睛】本文的文章短小精炼，对于此类文章首先必须对每句话都要认真地阅读理解。

初中的阅读绝大多数是细节题，考察学生信息的把握能力。

对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，再仔细对比找出答案。

C

Itishardlysurprisingthatclothingmanufacturers（生产商）followcertainuniformstandardsforvariousfeatures（特征）ofclothes.Whatseemsstrange,however,isthatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen.Takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton.Men’sclothestendtobuttonfromtheright,andwomen’sfromtheleft.Consideringmostoftheworld’spopulation—menandwomen—areright-handed,themen’sstandardwouldappeartomakemoresenseforwomen.Sowhydowomen’sclothesbuttonfromtheleft?

Historyreallyseemstomatterhere.Buttonsfirstappearedonlyontheclothesoftherichinthe17thcentury,whenrichwomenweredressedbyservants.Forthemostlyright-handedservants,havingwomen’sshirtsbuttonfromtheleftwouldbeeasier.Ontheotherhand,havingmen’sshirtsbuttonfromtherightmadesense,too.Mostmendressedthemselves,andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthandwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt.

Todaywomenareseldomdressedbyservants,butbuttoningfromtheleftisstillthestandardf0rthem.Isitinteresting?

Actually,astandard,onceset,resistschange.AtatimewhenallWomen’sshirtsbuttonedfromtheleft,itwouldhavebeenriskyforanysinglemanufacturertoofferwomen’sshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright.Afterall,womenhadgrownsousedtoshirtswhichbuttonedfromtheleftandwouldhavetodevelopnewhabitsandskillstoswitch.Besides,somewomenmighthavefounditsociallyawkwardtoappearinpublicwearingshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright,sinceanyonewhonoticedthatwouldbelievetheywerewearingmen’sshirts.

9.Whatissurprisingaboutthestandardoftheclothingindustry?

A.Ithasbeenfollowedbytheindustryforover400years.

B.ItisAfferentformen’sclothingandwomen’s.

C.Itworksbetterwithmenthanwithwomen.

D.Itfailstoconsiderrighthandedpeople.

10.Whatdoweknowabouttherichmeninthe17thcentury?

A.Theytendedtowearclotheswithoutbuttons

B.Theywereinterestedinhistoricalmatters

C.Theyweremostlydressedbyservants.

D.Theydrewtheirswordsfromtheleft.

11.Women’sclothesstillbuttonfromthelefttodaybecause.

A.adoptingmen’sstyleisimproperforwomen

B.manufacturersshouldfollowstandards

C.modernwomendressthemselves

D.customsarehardtochange

12.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.

A.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisons

C.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder

【答案】9.B10.D11.D12.A

【解析】组织结构题.通观整篇文章可以看出,作在开始提到一个现象――男女衣服的标准相反,然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因,最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因.由此判断选A项.

D

WhenIlookedatthegradeonmymathpapermyjaw（下巴）almostdroppedtotheground:

abig“65”inbrightredink.Ihadneverreceivedsuchaterriblegradebefore.

IwassoashamedthatwhenIgothomethatafternoonIliedtomydad.ItoldhimIgot85andthatthereportwouldn’tcomeuntiltheendofthemonth.Dadsmiled.Hisdaughterwouldneverlieabouthergrade,sohedidn’tdoubttheunusualdelay（延迟）ofmyreport.

Amonthlater,Dadcasually（随意地）askedmeagainaboutthereportatthedinnertable.Helookedrightintomyeyesandaskedforananswer.Havingnochoice.ItoldhimthatIhadinfactgotjust65inmymathfinal.IhadliedbecauseIdidn’twanttolethimdown.

Foramoment,hejustlookedatme.Iwouldhavepreferredatellingoff（斥责）thanthatsilence.Fi