上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案.docx

上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案.docx

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上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案

上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

   Atsomepointinlife,manypeopledevelopamental（精神）problem.

Whilemostpeoplegetoverit,forothersitdoesn'tgoawayeasily.

   TheWHOsaysthatabout20percentofteenagersworldwidesufferfrommentalillness.It'sthoughtthatthenumberofteenagerswithmentalillnessaroundtheworldwillincreasebyhalfby2020.Itwillbecomeoneofthemaincausesofillness,andevendeath.

   InChina,thepictureisn'tbright,either.Aboutonetenthofteenagersundertheageof17haveamentalhealthchallenge.

   Theworldischangingfast.Studyandrelationshipshavealwayscausedstress,buttodaythestressismuchhigherthanbefore,theWHOsaid.

   AresearchcentreinOxfordUniversitysaysthatyoungpeopletodayhavebigstressesatschool.Forexample,theyexperiencebullying（欺凌）.Ina2017report,thecentrenotedthattheInternetwasaspecialsource（渠道）ofstress.Online,youngpeopleoftensee"messagesaboutperfection"andthiscausestheyoung"greatuncertaintyabouttheirfutures",saysthecentre.

   Also,accordingtoChinaDaily,Chinesepeopledon'taskforhelpwiththeirmentalproblems.Theyfearthatotherswillthinklessofthemiftheysaythattheyareinmentaltrouble.ElainePeng,aUSmentalhealtheducator,makesasimilarpoint.AndintheUK,overthreequartersofyoungpeoplebelievetheirmentalproblemshaveasocialstigma.Itisreportedin2017thataquarterofyoungUKpeoplewouldn'taskforhelpiftheydevelopedamentalproblem.

   Youngpeoplewhodon'taskforhelpfortheirconditionmaybecreatingproblemsforthemselvesinthefuture.ElainePengwarnedthat,"Ifwehideourmentalhealth,itmayremainaproblemforever."

   "Mymessageforyoungpeopleis,ifyoufeelsomethingiswrongwithinyou—askforhelp,"hetoldChinaDaily.

（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofstressaccordingtothepassage?

A. Heavyschoolwork                                            

B. Beingbulliedatschool.

C. SomeinformationfromtheInternet.             

D. Certaintyaboutthefuture.

（2）Whydon'tChinesepeopleaskforhelpwiththeirmentalproblems?

A. Theydon'tthinkthemserious.                      

B. Theycangetoverthemintime.

C. Theycankeeptheirmentalhealthsecret.    

D. Theyareafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stigma"mostprobablymeaninChinese?

A. 羞耻                                     B. 印象                                     C. 援助                                     D. 危害

（4）ElainePengadvisedtheteenagerswithmentalillnessto______.

A. thinklessofthemselves                                   B. avoidbeingbullied

C. askforhelpassoonaspossible                      D. stayawayfromtheInternet.

（5）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

A. askresearchcentersforhelp   

B. tellaboutteenagers'stresses

C. callpublicattentiononteenagerswithmentalillness

D. showsomedifferentopinionsfromdifferentcountries

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】大意：

本文讲述世界上许多人有精神疾病，到2020年世界上有一半的青少年患精神方面的疾病。

精神疾病将成为主要的疾病甚至导致死亡，研究表明引起精神异常的原因是压力过大而没有及时找医生疏导导致的。

（1）细节题。

根据youngpeopletodayhavebigstressesatschool.theyexperiencebullying（欺凌）.theInternetwasaspecialsource（渠道）ofstress.可知，研究表明压力的原因来自于过重的学业，学校的欺凌，已经互联网上一些不良信息导致的，D描述与原文不一致，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据Theyfearthatotherswillthinklessofthemiftheysaythattheyareinmentaltrouble.可知，他们害怕其他人瞧不起他们，故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据AndintheUK,overthreequartersofyoungpeoplebelievetheirmentalproblemshaveasocialstigma.可知，在英国，超过4分之三的年轻人认为他们的精神疾病是社会的耻辱，推出stigma的意思是“羞耻”，故选A。

（4）推断题。

根据Ifwehideourmentalhealth,itmayremainaproblemforever.可知，如果躲避我们的精神健康，它可能拥有是一个问题，推出ElainePeng建议患有精神疾病的青少年应尽快就医，故选C。

（5）推断题。

通过分析可知，作者讲述世界上越来越多的青少年患有精神疾病目的是唤起全社会对患有精神异常的青少年关注，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题、推断题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思。

2．阅读理解

   Sayingnostartssmall

   "Allrightthen—justonemorepiece..."Wordseverygirlhassaidwhentheyarefacedwiththedeliciouscheesecake.Ofcourse,manyofusknowwemayeatthewholethingintheend.

   Itisn'tjustgirls.Mostofusfindithardtosay"no"tosomethingattractive.However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpowerisveryimportanttosuccessandahappylife.

   Scientistsindifferentcountrieshavebeenstudyingtheeffectsofwillpoweronpeople'slivesforalongtime.Theresultsaresimilar,accordingtoanarticleonFebruary7intheGuardian,afamousBritishnewspaper.

   Inoneexperiment,scientiststoldyoungchildrenthattheycouldeitherhaveamarshmallow（圆形软糖）now,ortwomarshmallowsin15minutes.Waitingobviouslyneededmorewillpower.Scientiststhencontinuedstudyingthechildrenastheygrewup.Theywantedtoseeifsomechildrenalwayshadstrongerwillpower.Theyalsowantedtoseehowhavingstrongerwillpoweraffectedtheirlives.

   Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwomarshmallowswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.Oppositely,thechildrenwhohadshownweakerwillpoweratthatyoungageweremorelikelytobeinlow-paidjobs,tobeoverweight,tohavesocialproblems.

   Butthereishope,RoyFBaumeister,anAmericansocialpsychology（心理学）professor（教授）toldtheGuardian.Baumeistersayswecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles（肌肉）.Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthen（加强）ouroverallself-controlifwedoitregularly.

   Youcouldstartbymakingyourselfstandupstraight,speakingincompletesentences,orusingacomputermousewiththeotherhand.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhomanagetochangelittlehabitsoftenperformmuchbetterinlaboratorywillpowertests.

   Likemuscles,willpowercan"gettired".Don'ttrytodotoomanythingsatthesametime,orwhenyoudon'thaveenoughenergy,forexamplewhenyouareill.Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge（恢复）yourwillpowerwithagoodnight'ssleepandbyeatingwell.

（1）Theexampleofagirleatingcheesecakeisusedto

A. provethatgirlshaveweakwillpower

B. introducethetopicofwillpowertothereaders

C. showthatcheesecakeisespeciallyattractivetogirls

D. showtheconnectionbetweenwillpowerandsuccess

（2）Whatcanweinferfromtheexperiment?

A. Thescientistshadalreadyknowntheresultsbeforetheexperiment.

B. Itshowedthatwillpoweristhemostimportanttosuccessandahappylife.

C. Thechildrenwhochosetowaitweremorelikelytobesuccessfulintheirlives.

D. Thechildrenwhochoseonlyonemarshmallowatfirsthadstrongerwillpower.

（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthetrainingofwillpower?

A. Youshouldhaveagoaleveryday.                  

B. Goodrestandproperdietcanhelp.

C. Willpowerneedstobeexercisedregularly.    

D. Keepwillpowerfrombeingusedtoomuch.

（4）Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A. Howwillpowerandmusclesaresimilarandhowtheycanbetrained.

B. Howwillpoweraffectspeople'slivesandhowitissimilartomuscles.

C. Howwillpowerisimportanttosuccessandhowwecanmakeitstronger.

D. Howwillpowerisconnectedwithsuccessandhowtheyaffecteachother

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了毅力的重要性和怎样让毅力变得更强。

（1）细节题。

根据Itisn'tjustgirls.Mostofusfindithardtosay"no"tosomethingattractive.However,scientistsnowsaythatwillpowerisveryimportanttosuccessandahappylife.可知通过讲小女孩吃奶酪蛋糕的例子来引出毅力话题，故选B。

（2）推测题。

根据Yearslater,scientistsfoundthatthechildrenwhohadwaitedfortwomarshmallowswereallhealthier,happierandricheradults.可知毅力强大的孩子成功的可能性更大，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据Baumeistersayswecantrainourwillpowerjustlikewetrainourmuscles（肌肉）.Evenalittlepracticecanstrengthen（加强）ouroverallself-controlifwedoitregularly.可知要规律锻炼；Likemuscles,willpowercan"gettired".Don'ttrytodotoomanythingsatthesametime,orwhenyoudon'thaveenoughenergy,forexamplewhenyouareill.Ifyoualreadyfeeltired,youcantrytorecharge（恢复）yourwillpowerwithagoodnight'ssleepandbyeatingwell.可知要好好休息和吃好，不能过度使用，故选A。

（3）主旨题。

根据全文可知讲的是毅力的重要性和怎样让毅力变得更强。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读理解

   Oneyear,acollegeintheUnitedStatesannouncedthatitwouldofferalotofmoneyforthepurewhitemarigold（金盏花）.Thehighrewardattractedsomanypeople,butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone.Soaftertheywereexcitedforatime,manypeoplehadforgottentheannouncement.

   Onenormaldayafter20years,thecollegereceivedaletterand100seedsofpurewhitemarigold.Itwasanoldwomanofover70yearsold.Someexpertsinthecollegedoubtedit,butinordernottoletherdown,thoseseedsfinallytookroot（根）intheearth.Themiracleappearedafteroneyear;thefieldwascoveredbypurewhitemarigold.

   Therefore,theoldwomanwhowasalwaysunknowntothepublicbecameanewfocus.

   Theoldwomanwasaflower-lover.Whenshereadtheannouncement20yearsago,shegotveryexcitedlikeothers.Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision.Afterall,awomanwhoneverknewtheseedgenetics（遗传学）couldn'tcompletewhattheexpertscouldneverdo,soherthoughtwasonlyadaydream.

   Still,theoldwomandidn'tchangehermindandwentonworking.Sheplantedsomeofthemostcommonseedsandtookgoodcareofthem.Ayearlater,whenthemarigoldcameout,shechoseonefaintest（最暗淡的）fromthosegoldenandbrownflowersandgotthebestseed.Thenextyear,sheagaingrewthemandchose...Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons,theoldwoman'shu