英语六级阅读.docx

英语六级阅读.docx

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英语六级阅读

表态度的形容词

褒义词：

admiring：

令人羡慕的        admiresb：

羡慕某人      concerned：

关心的，关切的

enthusiastic：

热情的    humorous：

幽默的              interesting：

有趣的

optimistic：

乐观的      positive：

积极地         pleasant：

愉快的

polite：

礼貌的         praising：

赞扬的         supportive/supporting：

支持的

appreciative：

欣赏的    grateful：

感恩的，感激的   sympathetic：

富有同情心的

approval：

同意的

态度中立词：

neutral：

中立的         impartial：

不偏袒的          indifferent：

冷漠的     

impersonal：

不带个人感情的objective：

客观的            informative：

提供信息的

贬义词：

embarrassed：

窘的，尴尬的       skeptical：

怀疑的             critical：

批评的

frustrated：

沮丧的，受挫的    inflexible：

不够灵活的，僵硬的

impractical：

不够实际的，难以操作的                          sarcastic：

讽刺的

ironic：

讽刺的                    biased：

有偏见的                cynical：

悲观的，挖苦的

depressed：

沮丧的             disappointed：

失望的          negative：

否定的，反对的

pessimistic：

悲观的           sensitive：

敏感的                worried：

担忧的

废水

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharepoisonous.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturechemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbelessened.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents（废料）,topermitthereuseofthewaterorbestreducepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrient（养料）ororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductionintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustrieshavepotentialeconomicusesfortheirwasteproducts.

个性

Itisdoingsomethingbetterthanotherpeoplethatmakesusunique.Yetasurprisingnumberofpeoplestillseeindividualityasasurfacething.Theywearbrightclothes,dyetheirhairstrangecolorsanddecoratetheirskinwithtattoos（纹身）tomakesomekindofsocialstatement.

Thewholepurposeofindividualityisexcellence.Thepeoplewhocomprehendthesimpleprincipleofbeinguniquethroughperformancemakeourentirepoliticalandeconomicsystemwork.Thosewhoinvent,whoimprove,whoknowmoreaboutasubjectthanotherpeopledo,andwhotakesomethingthatdoesn'tworkandmakeitwork—thesepeoplearetheverysoulofcapitalism.

CharlesKetteringdidn'tliketheideaofcrankingacartomakeitstart,soheinventedtheelectricstarter.HenryFordfiguredouttheassembly-linetechniqueandmadeitpossibletomass-produceautomobiles.LewisWatermansawnoneedtogoondippingapenintoaninkwell,soheputtheinkintothepen.GeorgeWestinghousetoldtheworldhowtostopatrain,andElishaOtis,inventoroftheelevator,indirectlycreatedthecityskyline.Thesepeopleunderstoodthatindividualismmeansworkingatthetopofone'scapacity.

Fortunately,enoughAmericanshavebeeninspiredtodosomethingwiththeiruniquenessthatwehavedevelopedinlessthanthreecenturiesfromafrontieroutpostintonotonlyacountryoffreedombutacountrystrongenoughtoprotectthatfreedom.Thesepeopleprizedthenotionsofindividualityandexcellenceaboveallthingsandthuskeptthegreatmachinefunctioning.Theoneswiththepurplehairandthehorrorablejewelryarejustalongfortheride,tryingtobe"different"andnotknowinghowtogoaboutit.

胖

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboo（禁忌的）behaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessed（着迷）withstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica'sobsessionwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people'sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercisingeveryday.

观察某人

Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated（toourselvesorothers）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpoint（强调）hisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Ways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli（刺激因素）,askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,self-disclosures,andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell（e.g.secretsanddeceptions）maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson（e.g.disclosuresandtruthfulstatement）.

圣诞购物

OnthelastshoppingdaybeforeChristmas,storesacrosstheUnitedStateswerebusybutnotjam-packedasshoppersscrambledforlast-minutegifts,eventhoughsomerefusedtoadmitit.AtBoston'sCopleyMall,asmallcrowdgatheredoutsidethemainentranceofluxurydepartmentstoreNeimanMarcus,butnoonewaitingforthestoretoopenwouldadmittobeingalast-minuteshopper."I'mreallyheretouseagiftcertificateandgetsomethingformyselfandmaybesomeoneelsewithwhat'sleftover,"saidMattDoran,wholivesinBostonandhadbeenwaitingsince8:

30a.m.forthestore's10a.m.opening.IlyaPolykoff,whomovedtoBostonfromRussia,saidhewaswaiting"becauseIhadthedayoffandIwantedtogetsomeperfume."ButheinsistedthathewasreallyshoppingearlybecauseforhimChristmascomesinJanuary.TheOrthodoxChristmaswillbecelebratedonJan.7.

"Therearelotsofmenouttheretoday,"saidKarenMcDonald,aspokes-womanformalloperatorTaubmanCenters,afterreturningfromtheLakesideMallinSterlingHeights,Michigan."Thereispanicouttherebutpeopleseemtobeingoodspirits,"shesaid,addingthatmostshoppingtrafficpeakedaroundmidday.AccordingtotheInternationalCouncilofShoppingCenters,December24wasthe