初一上英语语法知识及习题学生版.docx
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初一上英语语法知识及习题学生版
七年级上册英语语法知识及习题
定冠词的用法
1)用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
Openthedoor,please.请把门打开。
2)用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)
Ihaveapencil,thepencilisgreen.我有一支铅笔,这支铅笔是绿色的。
3)用在序数词前
Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。
4)表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球thesky天空theworld世界
5)表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the
playthepiano弹钢琴playtheviolin拉小提琴
零冠词的用法
1)专有名词前一般不加冠词
Tom汤姆China中国Europe欧洲
2)月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节
比较:
...onaSundaymorning.在一个星期天的早晨...(表示某一个。
)
3)三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
Ihavelunchatschool.我在学校吃午餐。
4)球类运动不加冠词
playbasketball打篮球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球
时态概说
在英语中,不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,这种动词的不同形式称为时态。
Iam14thisyear.今年我14岁。
Iwas13lastyear.去年我13岁。
Heplayssoccereveryday.他每天都踢足球。
Heplayedsocceryesterday.昨天他踢足球了。
英语中共有16种时态,常用的有9种。
一般现在时
一般现在时表示现在的状态,如:
Heis12.Sheisathome.
表示经常的或习惯性的动作,如:
Igotoschoolat7:
30everyday.
表示主语具备的性格和能力等,如:
Shelikesapples.TheyknowEnglish.
动词的种类
动词分为四种:
连系动词,实义动词,助动词,情态动词
1)连系动词:
词义不完全,要和后面的表语一块构成谓语。
如be(am,isare)是,sound听起来,look看起来
Sheismysister.
Thatsoundsinteresting.听起来很有趣。
2)实义动词,有实际意义的动词,能单独做谓语。
如see,ask,like
Ilikebananas.
3)助动词:
本身没有词义,帮助实义动词一起构成否定句,疑问句。
如do,does
Idon’tlikechicken.
Doeshelikeapples?
4)情态动词;本身具有一定意义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。
can,能,会,must,必须,情态动词后一定要用动词原形。
IcanspeakEnglish.
Imustfindit.我一定要找到它
动词be的用法
be的用法口诀
我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;
单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。
变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。
疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
Be动词专项练习用am, is, are 填空:
1.I ______ a student. ______ you a student?
No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother?
She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. JaneandTom_________myfriends
9. Where_____mypen?
10. Where______mybooks?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14.Here ______ a photoofmyfamily.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black book ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of socks______ 20dollars.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20.Howmuch____theskirt?
21 Howmuch______thetrousers?
22. My sister's name ______Nancy.
23. ______ David and Helen from England?
24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. You, he and I ______ from China.
句型转换的方法
一.肯定句变否定句
1.句子中有be,在be后加not。
)Iamastudent.→Iamnotastudent.
2)Theyareblue.→Theyaren’tblue.
3)HeisTom.→Heisn’tTom
2.谓语是动词原形,在动词前加don’t。
)Ihaveabook.→Idon’thaveabook.
2)TheylikeChinese.→Theydon’tlikeChinese.
3)WecomefromChina.→Wedon’tcomefromChina.
3谓语动词是第三人称单数,在动词前加doesn’t,动词用原形。
1)Shehasabasketball.→Shedoesn’thaveabasketball
2)MarialikesChina.→Mariadoesn’tlikeChina.
3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.→Janedoesn’tcomefromtheU.S.A.
练习:
将下列句子变成否定句。
1.Iamateacher.→I______ateacher.
2.Wearestudents.→We________students.
3.Janeisagirl.→Jane____agirl.
4.TheylikeEnglish.→They_____likeChinese
5.IcomefromChina.→I_______comefromChina.
6.HelikesChinese.→He_______likeChinese.
7.MariacomesfromCuba.→Maria______comefromCuba.
8.WeknowMaria.→We________knowMaria
二.肯定句变一般疑问句
句子中有be,把be提到句首
1)Iamastudent.→Areyouastudent?
2)Theyareblue.→Aretheyblue?
3)HeisTom.→IsheTom?
2.谓语是动词原形,在句首加do。
1).Ihaveabook.→Doyouhaveabook?
2)TheylikeChinese.→DotheylikeChinese?
3)WecomefromChina.→DoyoucomefromChina?
3.谓语动词是第三人称单数,在句首加Does,动词用原形。
1)Shehasabasketball.→Doesshehaveabasketball?
2)MarialikesChina.→DoesMarialikeChina?
3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.→DoesJanecomefromtheU.S.A?
4)SheknowsMaria.→DoessheknowMaria?
练习:
将下列句子变成一般疑问句。
1.Iamateacher.________ateacher?
2.Theyarestudents.____________students?
3.Janeisagirl.____________agirl?
4.TheylikeEnglish.____theylikeEnglish?
5.IcomefromChina.____youcomefromChina?
6.HelikesChinese.____he_____Chinese?
7.MariacomesfromAmerica.
_____Maria_____fromAmerica?
8.WespeakChinese._____you_____Chinese?
三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答
1.AreyouMaria?
肯定回答:
Yes,Iam.
否定回答:
No,I’mnot.
2.问句和答语的动词保持一致.
1)Areyouastudent?
肯:
Yes,Iam.否:
No,I’mnot.
2)IsheJack?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
3)DotheylikeChinese?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
4)Doesshehaveabasketball?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。
(必须用主格)
1)IsJanefromtheU.S.A?
肯:
Yes,sheis.否:
No,sheisn’t.
2)DoesLiHuacomefromChina?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
3)DoJaneandMarialikeChina?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
4)Isthisaruler?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
5)Isthatadesk?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
6)Arethesebooks?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
7)Arethosepencils?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
8)Aretheseerasers?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
9)Isthatanorange?
肯:
_______________.否:
_______________.
练习:
给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。
1.Areyouastudent?
Yes,____________.No,______________.
2.DotheylikeEnglish?
Yes,_______________.No,_______________.
3.IsJaneagirl?
Yes,________________.No,________________..
4.DoesMarialikeChina?
Yes,_______________.No,_______________.
5.IsJennyastudent?
Yes,_______________No,_______________.
6.Isthatagirl?
Yes,_______________No,_______________.
7.Arethosetelephones?
Yes,_______________No,_______________.
8.DoesTomknowJane?
Yes,_______________No,_______________.
9.DotheycomefromtheU.S.A?
Yes,__________________No,_______________.
10.Isthisanegg?
Yes,__________________No,_______________
四.对划线部分提问.
口诀:
一选二变三问号:
一选是分析句意,先选疑问词,代替划线部分(划线部分去掉),二变是把剩余部分变成一般疑问句(疑问词作主语时除外),第三步加上问号。
练习:
对划线部分提问
1.Theshoesareblack___________________________________
2.Sheismyteacher.___________________________________
3Mykeysareonthesofa._________________________________
4.Lilyisintheclassroom.__________________________________
5.Iamfine.___________________________________
6.ThatboyisTom.___________________________________
10.Hertelephonenumberis88828539.___________________________________
11.Theskirtis12dollars___________________________________
12.Sheis12yearsold.___________________________________
13.HisnameisJimGreen.___________________________________
14.MybirthdayisonDecember,24___________________________________
1.MynameisNancy.__________________yourname?
2.IamfromChina.__________________youfrom?
3.Iamfine._________areyou?
4.Miss.WangisourEnglishteacher.
_________isyourEnglishteacher?
5.Lucyistenyearsold.__________________areyou?
6.Itisyellow.__________________isit?
7.Mytelephonenumberis5805000.
__________________yourtelephonenumber?
8.Theyarecars._________arethey?
9.Thisismycap._________capisthis?
10.MyfavoritemoviestarisBruceLee.
_________isyourfavoritemoviestar?
五.同义句转换.
1.PleasegiveJanethebook.
Please_______thebook_______Jane.
2.Thisismybook.Thisbookis_______
3.Hehasshorthair.______________isshort.
4.Myrulerisnotlong.Myruleris_______
5.Thisjacketisnotnew.Thisjacketis_______
6.MyEnglishteacherisold.
MyEnglishteacherisnot_________.
六.单复数转换.
1.将下列句子变成复数.
Itisabox._____________________________.
Thisisaruler.______________________________.
Thatisaneraser.______________________________.
Heisastudent.______________________________..
2.将下列句子变成单数。
1.Theyarepencils._____________________________.
2.Theseareerasers._____________________________.
3.Theyareboys._____________________________.
4.Theyaregirls._____________________________..
5.Thosearebooks._____________________________..
6.Thesearedesks._____________________________.
7.Theseareboxes._____________________________..
8.Thosearecars._____________________________.
六.仿照例句改写下列句子。
Sheisintheclassroom.
否定句:
Sheisnotintheclassroom.
一般疑问句:
Issheintheclassroom?
回答:
Yes,sheis.(No,sheisn’t)
1.Iamastudent.
否定句:
____________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________________
2.Thisismybook.
否定句:
_____________________________________
一般疑问句:
__________________________________
肯、否定回答:
________________________________
3.Theyareonthedesk.
否定句:
___________________________________
一般疑问句:
_______________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________________
4.Thepenisred.
否定句:
___________________________________
一般疑问句:
_______________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________________八.改写句子
1.Thosearemybooks.
否定句:
____________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________________
变单数:
________________________________
划线部分提问:
________________________________
2.Sheismygoodfriend.
否定句:
_____________________________________
一般疑问句:
__________________________________
肯、否定回答:
________________________________
变复数:
____________________________________
划线部分提问:
________________________________
3.Thepenisinthedesk.
否定句:
___________________________________
一般疑问句:
_______________________________
肯、否定回答:
_____________________________
变复数:
____________________________________