初级英语阅读练习.docx

初级英语阅读练习.docx

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初级英语阅读练习

ElementaryReadingComprehension初级阅读

PassageOne

TheEnglishlanguageisspokenorreadbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld,forhistorical,political,andeconomicreasons;butitmayalsobetruethatitowessomethingofitswideappealtoqualitiesandcharacteristicsinherentinitself.WhatarethesecharacteristicfeatureswhichoutstandinmakingtheEnglishlanguagewhatitis,whichgiveititsindividualityandmakeitofthisworldwidesignificance?

Firstandmostimportantisextraordinaryreceptiveandadaptable—ithastakentoitselfmaterialfromalmosteverywhereintheworldandhasmadethenewelementsoflanguageitsown.English,whichwhentheAnglo-SaxonsfirstconqueredEnglandinthefifthandsixthcenturieswasalmosta"pure"orunmixedlanguage—whichcouldmakenewwordsfornewideasfromitsowncompoundedelements.

AsecondoutstandingcharacteristicofEnglishisitssimplicityandtherelationshipofwordsinasentencewithonlytheminimumofchangeintheirshapesorvariationofendings.

AthirdqualityofEnglishisitsrelativelyfixedwordorder.（177words）

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith____.

A.reasonsforthepopularityofEnglish

B.Englishlanguagehaslargestnumberofpeopleintheworld

C.extraordinaryreceptiveandadaptableofEnglishlanguage

D.characteristicofEnglish

2.WhatarethemostimportantcharacteristicfeaturesofEnglish?

A.thelargestnumberofpeople

B.historical,political,andeconomicreasons

C.extraordinaryreceptiveandadaptable

D.worldwidesignificance

3.WherehasEnglishtakenitselfmaterial?

A.everywhereintheworldB.theAnglo-Saxons

C.a"pure"orunmixedlanguageD.manyplacesintheworld

4.Accordingtothetext,Englandwasonce___

A.conqueredbysomeforeigners.B.defeatedbytheAnglo-Saxons.

C.acolonyoftheAnglo-Saxons.D.mixedwiththeAnglo-Saxons.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecharacteristicofEnglishlanguage?

A.simpleB.widespread

C.pureD.relativelyfixedwordorder

PassageTwo

Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthuman—orevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomecommonplaceandmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconqueriftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheattackofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostopthedamagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.（176words）

6.The1stpassageimpliesthat____.

A.scienceisstillfarawayfromperfection

B.it’sdifficulttoengineeraperfecthuman

C.it’sdifficulttocreateaperfecttomato

D.manydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer

7.Accordingtotheauthor,manyhumandiseases

A.maybeconquered.

B.willbesurelyconquered.

C.maynotbeconquered.

D.mayneverbeconquered.

8.Whatdoes“intheshortrun”mean?

A.toruninashorttime

B.forthenearfuture

C.forthetimebeing

D.afterenoughtime

9.TheuseofthenewtechnologyingeneticscreeningincludesallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.detectingallsortsofflawsinDNA

B.fixingallsortsofflawsinDNA

C.treatmentsthatdelaytheattackofthedisease

D.artificialversionoftheprotein

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.geneticengineering

B.geneticscreening

C.anewtechnology

D.Applicationofgeneticengineering

PassageThree

Forthepersonkeepingajournal,whateverheexperiencesandwantstoholdhecanwritedown.Buttogetitdownonpaperbeginsanotheradventure.Forhehastofocusonwhathehasexperienced,andbeabletosaywhat,infact,theexperienceis?

Whatofitisnew?

Whatofitisremarkablebecauseofassociationsinthememoryitstirsup?

Isitagoodorbadthingtohavehappened?

Andwhy,specifically?

Thequestionsmultiplythemselvesquickly.Asonetriestofindthewordsthatbestrepresentthisdiscovery,theexperiencebecomesevenmoreclearlyinitsshapeandmeaning.

Beyondthevalueofthejournalasrecord,thereisthevalueofthedisciplineitteaches.Thejournalistbeginstopaycloserattentiontowhathappenstoandaroundhim.Hedevelopsandsharpenshisskillsofobservation.Helearnstheusefulnessoflanguagesasameansofrepresentingwhathesees,andgainsskillandcertaintyintheexpressionofhisexperiences.Tohavegivenupone'sexperiencetowordsistohavebegunmarkingoutthelimitsandpotentialofitsmeaning.Inthejournalthatmeaningisdevelopedandclarifiedtooneself.Whentheintentionofthedevelopmentofthatmeaningistheconsiderationofanotherreader,themethodofthejournalredirectsitselfanditbecomestheessay.

11.Theauthorthinksofkeepingajournalas_____.

Aanassociation

Banadventure

Cadiscovery

Danobservation

12.Accordingtotheauthor,keepingajournalisgoodfor_____.

Aobservationandexpression

Bcertainlyanddiscipline

Cexperienceandadventure

Dconsiderationanddevelopment

13.Bykeepingajournal,onecan_____.

Adeveloptheusefulnessoflanguage

Bdevelophismemory

Cclarifytheconsiderationtoeveryone

Dhaveathoroughunderstandingofhisexperience

14.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?

AThejournalistcanexpresswhathashappened.

BAjournalcanserveasarecordofthepasthappening.

CThejournalistmustbeabletoobserveclosely.

DWritinghelpsdeveloptheconsiderationofothers.

15.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

Ahowtowriteajournal

Btheexpressionsofajournal

Cthevaluesofkeepingajournal

Dhowtosolvetheproblemsinajournal

PassageFour

China'scentralauthoritieshaveoutlinedaseriesofnewguidelinesonimprovingthecountry'smarketeconomicmechanism.ThesemeasuresarecontainedinacommuniquéissuedonTuesdayattheendofaplenarysessionoftheChineseCommunistParty'sCentralCommittee.

Onewayofdoingsoistoperfectamarketeconomyofpublic,collectiveandprivateownership,withpublicownershipstillasthemainpillar.Butthecommuniquéalsostipulatesthattheshare-holdingsystemshouldbethemainforminrealizingpublicownershipsoastorevitalizethestatesector.Privatecapitalwillbeallowedininfrastructureconstruction.Anotherstepistobuildanintegratednationwidemarkettoencouragethefreeflowofcapitalandcommodities.Duringthefour-daymeeting,morethan300CentralCommitteemembersandalternativemembersexaminedandapprovedaworkreportbythePoliticalBureauonitsworkduringthepastyear.

Theyalsoapprovedadraftproposalwithregardtoamendmentstothestateconstitution.161（words）

16.Whatdoes“communiqué”inthe1stpassageprobablymean?

A.communeB.communication

C.officialreporttothepublicD.declarationorstatement

17.Accordingtothe2ndparagraph,“doingso”mayreferto___

A.outliningaseriesofnewguidelines

B.improvingthecountry'smarketeconomicmechanism

C.containingmeasuresinacommuniqué

D.issuingitonTuesday

18.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemajorforceinamarketeconomy?

A.publicownershipB.collectiveandprivateownership

C.share-holdingsystemD.privatecapital

19.Onwhatdayoftheweekdidthemeetingconvene?

A.onTuesdayB.fourdaysago

C.onSaturdayD.onFriday

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.aseriesofnewguidelinesB.theplenarysessionofCCPCC

C.agistofthecommuniquéD.thefour-daymeetingofCCPCC

PassageFive

Israeliresearcherssaidtheyhadidentifiedanaturallyproducedcompoundthatmayexplainwhyonlysomesmokersgetlungcancer.

Researchersfoundthatsmokerswithlowlevelsoftheenzymewerefiveto10timesmorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthansmokerswiththehighestlevels.

TheenzymefixesdamagedonetoDNAbysmokingandotherenvironmentalstressesandisoneofalargegroupofrepaircompoundsinthebody.

WritingintheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute,ZviLivnehandhiscolleaguessaid40percentofthe68lungcancerpatientstheytestedhadlowlevelsofenzymeactivity,incontrastto4percentofahealthygroupof68people.

Non-smokerswiththelowestlevelsofenzymealsohadahigherriskoflungcancer,althoughtheiroverallriskofcancerwasmuchlowerthanthatofthesmokers.

Lungcancerisbyfarthebiggestcancerkillerintheworld,killingamillionpeopleeveryyearworldwide.

Smokingisalsoamajorcauseofheartdiseaseandstroke.Theresearcherssaidthefindingsneededtobeconfirmedinlargerstudiesbuttheymayleadtothedevelopmentofabloodtestthatsmokerscouldtaketodeterminetheirpersonalrisk.（209words）

21.WhatisIsraeliresearchers’discovery?

A.Anaturallyproducedcompound

B.Thepossiblereasonforsmokerstogetlungcancer

C.Akindofnewenzyme

D.Howlungcancerdeveloped

22.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthefunctionoftheenzyme?

A.Repairinganydamage.B.DamagedonetoDNA.

C.Causingenvironmentalstresses.D.Repairingcompoundsinthebody

23.Howmanypeoplehavebeentestedonlevelsofenzymeactivity?

A.fiveto10timesmoreB.