中国新年 英文.docx

中国新年 英文.docx

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中国新年英文

ItisunclearwhentheexactbeginningoftheNewYearcelebrationinChinais.Normally,itwassaidtostartfromtheyearendreligiousceremonyinShangDynasty（1766BC-1122BC）.AfewsaidthatitstartedfromasearlyasEmperorYaoandShun（~2300BC）.Atthebeginning,thedateofcelebrationvariesfrommidwintertoearlyspring.Withthematureofsolarbasecalendar,EmperorWu（157BC-87BC）oftheHanDynasty（206BC-220）establishedthefirstdayofthefirstmonthasthebeginningoftheyear,whereitremains.Thefollowingisabrieflist:

∙EmperorYaoandEmperorShun（~2300BC）:

smallscaleNewYearcelebrationtypeofactivities.

∙ShangDynasty（1766BC-1122BC）:

NewYearcelebrationstartedfromreligiousceremony.

∙HanDynasty（206BC-220）:

NewYearcelebrationisofficializedatthefirstdayofthefirstmonth.Crackbambooappeared.（Crackbamboowillcreateloudcrackingsoundwhenputonfire.Itisbelievedthatthesoundcandriveawayevil.）

∙WeiDynasty（220-265）andJinDynasty（265-420）:

FireworksusedinNewYearcelebration.ThetraditionofShouSuiformed.

∙SongDynasty（960-1279）:

Fireworksusinggunpowdercameout.

Accordingtotalesandlegends,thebeginningofChineseNewYearsstartedwiththefightagainstamythicalbeastcalledthe"Year".The"Year"lookslikeoxwithlionheadanditstaysinthesea.AtthenightofNewYear'sEve,the"Year"willcomeouttoharmpeople,animals,andproprieties.Laterpeoplefoundthatthe"Year"isafraidofredcolor,fire,andloudsound.Therefore,forselfprotection,peopleformthehabitofpostingredDuiLianinfrontofthehouse,launchingfireworks,andhandinglanternatyearend.

ChineseNewYear

ThecomingChineseNewYearis2014-01-31.Itis39daysaway.Thisyear'sanimalsignisSnakefrom2013-02-10to2014-01-31.ClickheretochecktheChineseNewYeardateofotheryears.

TheChineseNewYearisthemostimportantoftheholidaysforChinese.ItisdefinedtobethefirstdayofthefirstmonthinthetraditionalChinesecalendar.UnliketheChristianNewYearwhichisbasedonasolarcalendar,theChineseNewYearisbasedonatraditionalChineselunisolarcalendarwhosedateindicatesboththemoonphaseandthetimeofthesolaryear.Alunarmonthisaround2daysshorterthanasolarmonth.Inorderto"catchup"withthesolarcalendar,anextramonthisinsertedeveryfewyears.Thisiswhy,accordingtothesolarcalendar,theChineseNewYearfallsonadifferentdateeachyear.

Normally,thecelebrationwillstartfromtheNewYear'sEveandwilllastforaround15daysuntilthemidofthefirstmonth.Beforethecelebration,peoplewillnormallydoacompletecleaningofthehouseandputonthetraditionalNewYeardecoration.FamilyreunionisthemostimportantpartoftheChineseNewYearcelebration.TheNewYear'sEveisthetimeforfamilyreunion.Followingbythereunion,peoplewillnormallyvisitrelativesandfriends,doingshopping,watchsometraditionalChineseshows,launchsomefireworks,andplanforthecomingyear.Thecelebrationwillsometimesbehighlightedwithareligiousceremonygiveninhonorofheaven,earth,andothergods,aswellasthefamilyancestors.InmodernChina,workingprofessionalswillnormallyhave7daysofholidayincludingweekendtocelebrate.Afterthefamilyreunion,somemodernChinesemaytakethechancetovisitsometouristdestinations.

ChineseNewYearCrafts

TherearethousandsofdifferenttypesofNewYearcraftsindifferentpartofChina.Thefollowingisjustalistofthemostpopularitems.

UpsideDownFu

ThemostpopularChineseNewYearcraftsareprobablytheupsidedowncharacterof"Fu"."Fu"inChinesemeansluck,happiness,andprosperity.Theupsidedownmeanscoming.Sothiscraftmeansluck,happiness,andprosperityiscoming.Usuallythe"Fu"iswrittenonadiamondshapepaperwithredbackground.Peoplenormallypostthe"Fu"onfrontdoororonthewallofthelivingroom.

DuiLian

Alsocalledantitheticalcouplet.Itisapairoflinesofpoetryusuallyhandwrittenonredpaperandpastedonthefront.Thetwolinescorrespondintheirmetricallengthandsomepropertiesofeachcharacter,suchasmeaningandtone.Theidealforaduilianistohavefewwordsbutdeepmeaning.Forthisreason,theyuseonecharacterperword,asinmuchClassicalChinese.

Lantern

ThetypeoflanternusedinChineseNewYearisusuallydecoratedwithredpapershell.Somelanternhascandlesinsideforillustration.Mostarejustmadeofredpaperfordecorationpurposeonly.InChineseNewYear,thelanternisusuallyhanginginfrontofthedoororinsidethehouse.InsomepartofChina,lanternisamustforYuanXiaofestival（15thofthefirstmonthofthetraditionalChinesecalendar）.

YearPaint

YearPaintisapieceofbighanddrawingpaint.Usually,thesizeisatleast3by3feet.NormallytheYearPaintishangedinthemostprominentplaceofthelivingroom.Themostpopularsubjectsonthepaintaremountains,tiger,longlivinggod,children,etc.

Papercutting

Papercuttingisapieceofartthatcutfrompaper,usuallyredpaperinChina.Mostpopularsubjectsareanimals,human,flowers,orthecharacterof"Xi"meanshappiness.InChineseNewYear,mostpapercuttingwerestickonwindows,someareplacedonwallorfrontdoor.

DoorGod

AdoorgodisaChinesedecorationplacedoneachsideofanentrytoatemple,home,business,etc.,believedtokeepevilfromentering.

ChineseNewYearTraditions

DifferentpartofChinahasverydifferenttraditions.Thefollowingarethemosttypicaltraditions.

NewYear'sEveDinner

TheNewYear'sEvedinneristhemostimportantdinnerforChinese.Normallythisisthefamilyreuniondinner,especiallyforthosewithfamilymemberawayfromhome.IntheNewYear'sEvedinner,normallyfishwillbeserved.Dumplingsarethemostimportantdiskinnorthernchina.Thesetwodishesmeanprosperous.Otherdisksaredependingonpersonalpreference.ThemajorityofChinesewillhaveNewYear'sEvedinnerathomeinsteadofrestaurant.

Fireworks

FireworksareusedtodriveawaytheevilinChina.Rightafterthe12:

00PMoftheNewYear'sEve,fireworkswillbelaunchedtocelebratethecomingoftheNewYearaswellasdrivenawaytheevil.ItisbelievedthatthepersonwholaunchedthefirstFireworksintheNewYearwillgetgoodluck.

ShouSui

ShouSuimeansaftertheNewYear'sEvedinner,familymemberwillnormallystayawakeduringthenight.Somepeoplejuststayuntilthemidnight,afterthefireworks.Accordingtotalesandlegends,therewasamythicalbeastcalledthe"Year".AtthenightofNewYear'sEve,the"Year"willcomeouttoharmpeople,animals,andproprieties.Laterpeoplefoundthatthe"Year"isafraidofredcolor,fire,andloudsound.Therefore,attheNewYear'sEvenight,peoplewilllaunchfireworks,putonsomefires,andstayawakesthewholenighttofendofthe"Year".

RedPackets

Redpacketisaredenvelopewithmoneyinit,rangefromonetoafewthousandChineseYuan.Usuallytheredracketisgivenbyadults,especiallymarriedcouple,andelderlytoyoungchildrenintheNewYeardays.Itwasbelievedthatthemoneyintheredpacketwillsuppresstheevilfromthechildren,keepthechildrenhealthy,andlongliving.

NewYearMarkets

AttheNewYearsdays,atemporarilymarketwillbesetupmainlysellingNewYeargoods,suchasclothing,fireworks,decoration,foods,smallarts,etc.Themarketisusuallydecoratedwithalargeamountoflanterns.

SmallYear

Smallyearisthe23thor24thofthelastmonthoftheyear.ItissaidthatthisisthedaythefoodgodwillleavethefamilytogototheheaventoreporttheactivityoffamilytotheEmperoroftheheaven.Peoplewillhavesomereligiousceremonytofarewellthefoodgod,includingtakedownandburnthepaintofthefoodgod.AftertheNewYear'sDay,peoplewillbuyanewpaintofthefoodgodandpostitatthekitchen.

Cleaning

AfewdaysbeforetheChineseNewYear,peoplewilldoacompletecleaningofthehouseandhouseware;meansgetridoftheoldandwelcomethenew.Inolddayswhenbathisnotoften,peoplewillnormallytakeathroughoutbathtowelcometheNewYear.

Decoration

Afterthecleaning,peoplewilldecoratethehousetowelcometheNewYear.Mostofthedecorationsareredincolor.ThemostpopularNewYeardecorationsareupsidedownfu,duilian,lantern,yearpaint,papercutting,doorgod,etc..

ChineseNewYearFood

InChineseNewYear,normalfoodwillbeserved.Butthefollowingisspecial.

NewYear'sEveDinner

TheNewYear'sEvedinneristhemostimportantdinnerforChinese.Normallythisisthefamilyreuniondinner,especiallyforthosewithfamilymemberawayfromhome.IntheNewYear'sEvedinner,normallyfishwillbeserved.DumplingsarethemostimportantdiskinNorthernChina.Thesetwodishesmeanprosperous.Otherdisksaredependingonpersonalpreference.ThemajorityofChinesewillhaveNewYear'sEvedinnerathomeinsteadofrestaurant.

Dumplings

DumplingsareverypopularinNorthernChina.ItisoneofthemaindisksforNewYear'sEvedinner.VeryfewpeopleinSouthernChinaservedumplingsinNewYear'sEvedinner.

NewYearCake

Itissolidcakemadewithglutinousriceflourtogetherwithsomesugar.NewYearCakeispopularinEasternChina.

TangYuan

TangYuanissmallballmadefromglutinousriceflour.Glutinousriceflourismixedwithasmallamountofwatertoformballsandisthencookedandservedinboilingwater.TangYuancanbeeitherfilledorunfilled.ItistraditionallyeatenduringYuanXiao,ortheLanternFestival（the15thofthefirstmonthofthetraditionalChinesecalendar）.

LaBa