全国用版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions教师用书新人教版选修8.docx
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全国用版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions教师用书新人教版选修8
Unit3 Inventorsandinventions
话题词汇
1.breakthroughn.突破;重大进展
2.conveniencen.便利;方便
3.electronicadj.电子的
5.inventionn.发明;创造
6.technicaladj.技术的;工艺的
7.beinthelead领先
8.followthefashion追随时尚
9.inthefieldofscience在科学领域
10.withthedevelopmentof随着……的发展
话题佳作
假设你是李华,你的朋友Jim来信询问有关车轮的情况。
请你根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信,简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响,并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。
最早出现时间
大约6500年前
最早出现地点
亚洲
发 展
由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆;由木制发展为钢制
影 响
使人可以快速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体;促成多种技术的发展与进步
佳作欣赏
DearJim,
I’mhappytoreceiveyourletter.NowI’dliketotalkaboutthewheel.Researchershaveprovedthatthefirstwheelwasinventedabout6,500yearsagoinAsia.Atfirst,itwasonlyatoolinventedtohelppeopletransportheavythingstillitbecameapartofavehicle.Thematerialofmakingthewheelhaschangedfromwoodtosteel.Itnotonlymakesitpossibleforpeopletomovethethingsmuchheavierthanthemselvesquicklybutalsohelpswiththedevelopmentofseveralkindsoftechnologies.Ibelievetheinventionofthewheelalsomakesthedevelopmentofhumansocietyfaster.
Bestwishes!
Yours,
LiHua
名师点睛
本文结构如下:
1.指出说明对象——车轮的发明。
2.围绕要点进行说明:
(1)最早出现的时间及地点;
(2)制作材料与用途的发展变化;(3)对世界的影响。
3.个人评价。
文中不仅出现了宾语从句、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、it作形式宾语等复杂句式,还使用了atfirst,notonly...butalso等过渡性词汇,使文章条理清晰,读起来更加流畅。
A.写作必记单词
1.convenientadj.便利的;方便的;就近的
(1)Pleasecometomyassistanceifitisconvenientforyou.(填代词)
→Pleasecometomyassistanceatyourconvenience.(同义句转换)
(2)Theofficeisfurnishedwithallmodernconveniences(便利设施).
2.passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的
3.seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺;(疾病)侵袭
(1)Thechildwasseizedwithalightfever.
这个孩子有点发烧。
(2)Heseizedthepickpocketbythecollar.(填介词)
4.filen.文件;档案;文件夹;vt.提交;将……归档
5.freezingadj.冰冻的;严寒的
freezingcold极冷的
burninghot炽热的
6.bearvt.忍受;忍耐;负担
(1)Hecan’tbearbeinglaughed/tobelaughed(laugh)at.
(2)Bearinmind(记住)thatsuccesscomesfromhardwork.
7.currentn.(水或气)流;电流;adj.现在的;当前的
currencyn.货币;通货
8.associatevt.联想;联系;n.同伴;伙伴
Hewasassociatedwiththemurder,sohewasarrested.(同义句转换)
→Associatedwiththemurder,hewasarrested.
→Associatinghimselfwiththemurder,hewasarrested.
9.practicaladj.实际的;实践的;实用的
practicevt.&vi.&n.实践;练习
B.阅读识记单词
10.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别
(1)distinguishedadj.卓越的;杰出的;著名的;高贵的;有尊严的
(2)Distinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics,hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(填介词)
(3)It’simportanttodistinguishrightfromwrong.(填介词)
11.mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的
outofmercy出于仁慈
atthemercyof任由……摆布
showmercyto/havemercyon同情……
12.productn.产品
producevt.生产
13.abruptadj.突然的;意外的
abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地
14.cautionn.小心;谨慎
(1)cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
(2)withcaution小心地
15.expectationn.预料;期待;期望
(1)beyondone’sexpectation出乎某人的预料
(2)Peopleselectnewsinexpectationof(期望;等待)areward.(2015·江苏)
16.merryadj.愉快的;高兴的
merrilyadv.高兴地;愉快地
17.validadj.有效的;确凿的
18.ripeadj.熟的;成熟的
19.identificationn.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明
identifyvt.确认;识别;鉴别
identifiedadj.被识别的;经鉴定的
20.innocentadj.清白的;无罪的;天真的
innocencen.清白;无罪;天真
21.dynamicadj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的
22.tapvt.&vi.轻打;轻拍;轻敲;n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头
23.stableadj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的
stabilityn.稳定;安定;稳定性
24.extensionn.电话分机;扩大;延伸
competentadj.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的
1.callup给……打电话
ringback回复电话
ringoff挂断电话
2.nowandthen偶尔;有时
3.setabout(doing)开始(做);着手(做)
setout(todo)开始(做)
4.diveinto迅速把手伸入;一心投入
5.hangon不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住
hangup挂断电话
6.outoforder次序颠倒;发生故障
inorder按顺序;井然有序
7.getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过
1.Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches:
...
经过一番研究准备之后,我决定了三种可能的方法:
……
2.Butoncepickedup,theytriedtobiteme.
但是它们一旦被捡起来,就试图咬我。
3.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.
只有你获得那种认证之后,你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。
4.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。
用法点拨
“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型。
该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,and之后的句子相当于主句,所以用一般将来时。
在该句型中,祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。
Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.(同义句转换)
→Workinghard,youwillsucceed.
→Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.
Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone,shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakes2.seemed(seem)tohavemadetheirhomethere.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout4.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.5.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As6.aresult,shehadtoattempta7.thirdtime,whichhelpedherfulfillheraim8.successfully(success).9.Pressed(press)byherfriendsandrelations,shedecidedtosendher10.invention(invent)tothepatentofficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.
Ⅱ.教材与短文改错
AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung,hisfamilymovestoBoston,USA.Hismotherwasalmostentiredeaf.Afterthat,hebecameinterestedinhelpdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother’sforehead,hecouldmakethebonesmoveinsoawaythatshecouldunderstandthathewassaying.Itwashisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritwhichledtohisinventions.What’smore,hewasinthetruthacontinuingsearcher.Iimprovedthequalityofeverybody’slifebyfindingmuchpracticalsolutions.
答案
AlexanderGrahamBell
bornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung,hisfamily
toBoston,
USA.Hismotherwasalmost
deaf.Afterthat,hebecameinterestedin
deafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother’sforehead,hecouldmakethebonesmovein
awaythatshecouldunderstand
hewassaying.Itwashisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspirit
ledtohisinventions.What’smore,hewasinthetruthacontinuingsearcher.
improvedthequalityofeverybody’slifebyfinding
practicalsolutions.
Ⅲ.教材与微写作
写作素材
(关于专利)
1.Thomas先生是一个谨慎的商人,他的产品获得了专利。
2.但是,后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准。
3.他抓住机会着手来改善产品。
4.他希望自己的产品能经受得住检验。
5.他也希望他的收入会稳定增长。
提示:
黑体部分用本单元词汇表达,并且请使用who引导的定语从句,that引导的宾语从句。
连句成篇
(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Mr.Thomas,whowasacautiousbusinessman,gotapatentforhisproducts.Butlaterhefoundhisproductsdidn’tliveuptotheircriteria.Heseizedthechanceandsetouttoimprovethem.Heexpectedthathisproductscouldbearthetestsandthathisincomewouldhaveastableincrease.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·山东济南山师大附中模拟)
Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?
Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)?
Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?
JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”,however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMcLean,“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”
Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean’sstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention,”saidTommyLee,aseniorphysicsmajor,“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.
So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?
Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuiltindeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.
Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?
语篇解读 我们只知道著名的发明家爱迪生和贝尔,可是交通信号灯、雨刮器等的发明者没有太大的名气,但这无数的小发明对人类十分有益。
1.Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”,theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.
A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamous
B.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamous
C.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamous
D.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
由文章最后一段第一句“Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。
由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名,故选B项。
2.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto.
A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslife
B.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention
C.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversity
D.preparestudentstotrytheirowninventions
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”可知应选D项。
3.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas.
A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducer
B.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiper
C.duetohis