英国文学 King Lear.docx

英国文学 King Lear.docx

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英国文学KingLear

Keywords:

KingLear；Character；Development；Plot

Abstract:

InKingLear,Shakespeareadoptstheformofplaytoelaboratethecomplicatedconcept—humannature.Shakespearecreatesmanycharactersandthefascinatingplotstorevealdifferentimplicationsofhumannature.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofhumannature,thisthesisintendstodivideallthecharactersintothreegroups.Accordingly,thebodyofthisthesisconsistsofthreeparts.ThefirstpartisdevotedtoastudyofthehumannatureofLearandGloucesterbyanalyzingthecharactersandtheplots.Theirhumannatureisrelativelycomplexbecausetheyhavetheintrinsickindnatureaswellasthedefectsofhumannature,whichleadtothetragicresult.Lear’sperversityandcredulitymakeLearhimself,CordeliaandKentsuffermisfortune.Gloucester’scredulitymakesGloucesterhimselfandEdgarsufferfromdisaster.Bysuffering,bothofthemlearntheirlessonsslowlyandthesufferingseemstohavehumanizedhimshowinganewhumannature,morebeautifulthanbefore.ThesecondpartdiscussesthehumannatureofGoneril,ReganandEdmund,whoareagroupofcharacterswithcruelty,selfishnessandlust.Theygeneratetheconflictswiththeothersintheplayanddirectlycausethetragedy.ThethirdpartmakesastudyofhumannatureofCordelia,KentandEdgar,whoareagroupcharacterswithunselfishness,sincerityandfidelity,whichareadvocatedbythisplayandthewholeworldforever

Thebriefintroductionoftheauthor:

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）wasthegreatestwriteroftheEnglishRenaissance.Hisplays－history,comedy,tragedy－reachthehighestpointofworldliterature.HewasborninStraford-upon-Avonandspenthischildhoodandyouththere.In1586,helefthishometownandwenttoLondon.Foratime,hedidsomeoddjobsinatheaterandlateractedsomeminorrolesinplays.Whileleadingabusylifeofanactor,Shakespearebegantoreviseoldplaysandwritesnewonesattherateofabouttwoplaysayear.Altogetherhewrote37plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems.HediedonApril23,theanniversaryofhisbirthdayin1616.

Withhis37plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Hehasalsobeengiventhehighestpraisesbyvariousscholarsandcriticstheworldover.Inthepastfourhundredyears,booksandessaysonShakespeareandhisworkshavekeptcomingoutinlargequantities.HeisnotonlyamasterofEnglishlanguagebutalsoageniusofcharacterportrayalandplotconstruction.BenJonsononcewroteapoemeulogizingShakespeareasbeing“notofanage,butforalltime.”ShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishRenaissanceandthegreatestofalldramatiststheworldover.Hehasincludedtheworldofnatureandofmen.Tostudynatureinhisworksislikegoingintoagreatcity.Shakespeare’splaysareusuallydividedintofourclasses:

comedies,histories,tragediesandromances.Shakespeare’splayscommunicateaprofoundknowledgeofthewellspringsofhumanbehavior,revealedthroughportrayalsofawidevarietyofcharacters.Shakespearehasbeenkeenknownallovertheworldandhasbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.

ThebackgroundoftheKingLear:

KingLear"isalsooneofWilliamShakespeare'stragedyoffour,describestheageofKingLeardesireoftheterritoryassignedtothreedaughters,theeldestdaughterKoumifujianGaunaLilleandRonaldReaganwonhisseconddaughterandChongxinDivideupthelandanddaughterdonotwanttotestbecauseofDiliYaAyuflatteryandnowhere.TheFrenchkingtomarryhimeyeknow,marriedtoQueen'stestDiliYa.KingLearfromtheplace,daughteranddaughterdonoteventotheirhome,thethenKinghadtoHuangjiaoyewai¡¡testDiliYaLeadsscored,fatheranddaughterreunited.However,unfavorablewar,testDiliYawaskilled,KingLearShouzhethebeloveddaughterofthedeadbodiesofgrief.

"KingLear"trulyreflecttheprimitiveaccumulationofcapitalofthecapitalistworldduringtheturbulentlandscapeofBritishsociety,isalsotheauthoroftheautocraticmonarchyofcriticismandthepraiseofhumannature.Thecunningandinsidiouscold-bloodeddaughterofthebrutalson-in-lawofabuse,arbitrarybrutalitybyLear,Gangbiziyongtherulerofallofasuddenbecomea"strayJiaohuaZiastheKing",aprocessspecifictothelateRenaissancereflectsthefeudalclassTodeclineinhistory.Geluositebeasadventurers,YinmouJia'ssonsaidafterthetrap,"acityriots,thecountryhasseencivilstrife,hiddenwithinthepalaceseekingtheinverse;fathernotthefather,notsonof,JiGangChang-luncompletelyshattered"Fan,punctualitytothedisintegrationofthefeudalandcapitalistenthusiasmforthetransitionalperiodcollapseoffeudalethics,humanrelationsnakedmoneyJilunreplacetheoldprogram'shistoryoftentrue.

Thescripttrulyreflectthemajorityofthesufferingofthepeople.KingLearlivingHuangjiao,havesufferedastormofattackspains,withthechangeinstatus,hewasnotassociatedwithtensofthousandsofhomelesspoor.Heexcitedlysaid:

"TheclothesdonotBitioftheunfortunatepeople,whetheryouinanyplacehavetoputupwiththisrelentlessstormofattacks,youhavenoheadofthebody-ashelter,yourunbornintestinalthunderoushungry,yourclothesQianchuangbaikong,howtoresistsuchaclimateithad?

"ThisstatementrevealstherealEnclosureMovementoflandlesspeasantsLiulayixiang,JihanjiaopotheCanzhuang.

ThescriptthroughKingLear'syoungestdaughter,suchasDiliYatestpositiveimagetopromoteaharmoniousandthepeopleshouldbesincereandshouldrespectthecharacter,shouldbeequaltreatmentofhumanistthinking.ButLear'scrazytodeath,examinationofvictimsandGeluositeDiliYavagrants,andotheroutcome,isappliedtoworkscastadensemelancholyhue.

FamousAphorism:

Nothingwillcomeofnothing.（KingLear1.1）

Love’snotlovewhenitismingledwithregardsthatstandsalooffromth’entirepoint.（KingLear1.1）

Howsharperthanaserpent'stoothistohaveathanklesschild.（KingLear1.4）

Blow,winds,andcrackcheeks!

Rage!

Blow!

（KingLear3.2）

‘Tisthistimes’plague,whenmadmenleadtheblind.（KingLear4.1）

Whyshouldadog,ahorse,arat,havelife,andthounobreathatall?

（KingLear5.3）

Adaptedscreenplay

KingLear'spalace.

KINGLEAR:

Meantimeweshallexpressourdarkerpurpose.

Givemethemapthere.Knowthatwehavedivided

Inthreeourkingdom:

and'tisourfastintent

Toshakeallcaresandbusinessfromourage;

Givingthemtoyoungerstrengths,whileIwaitslowlytothe  death.OursonofCornwall,and  sonofAlbany,

Wehavethishouraconstantwilltopublish

Ourdaughters'severaldowers,thatfuturestrife

Maybepreventednow.Theprinces,FranceandBurgundy,

Greatrivalsinouryoungestdaughter'slove,

Longinourcourthavemadetheiramoroussojourn,

Andherearetobeanswer'd.Tellme,mydaughters,

Sincenowwewilldivestusbothofrule,

Interestofterritory,caresofstate,--

Whichofyoushallwesaythatloveusmost?

Thentheonewholoveusmostwillgetmore.Goneril,

Oureldest-born,speakfirst.

GONERIL:

Sir,Iloveyoumorethanwordscanwieldthematter;

Dearerthaneye-sight,space,andliberty;

Beyondwhatcanbevalued,richorrare;

Nolessthanlife,withgrace,health,beauty,honour;

Asmuchaschilde'erloved,orfatherfound;

Alovethatmakesbreathpoor,andspeechunable;

BeyondallmannerofsomuchIloveyou.

KINGLEAR:

Ofallthesebounds,evenfromthislinetothis,

Withshadowyforestsandwithchampainsrich'd,

Withriversandwide-skirtedmeads,

Wemaketheelady:

tothineandAlbany'sissue

Bethisperpetual.Whatsaysourseconddaughter,

OurdearestRegan,wifetoCornwall?

Speak.

REGAN:

Sir,Iammade

Oftheself-samemetalthatmysisteris,

Andprizemeatherworth.Inmytrueheart

Ifindsheisamirrorofmyoflovetoyou;

Onlyshecomestooshort:

thatIhate

myselfbeingfilledwithjoysbythesenseness;

IfindIamonly  happyInyourdearestlove.

KINGLEAR:

Totheeandthinehereditaryever

Remainthisamplethirdofourfairkingdom;

Nolessinspace,validity,andpleasure,

Thanthatconferr'donGoneril.Now,ourjoy,

Althoughthelast,notleast;towhoseyounglove

ThevinesofFranceandmilkofBurgundy

Strivetobeinteress'd;whatcanyousaytodraw

Athirdmoreopulentthanyoursisters?

Speak.

CORDELIA:

Nothing,mylord.

KINGLEAR:

Nothing!

CORDELIA:

Nothing.

KINGLEAR:

Nothingwillcomeofnothing:

speakagain.

CORDELIA:

StupidthatIam,Icannotheave

myheartintomymouth:

Iloveyoualot

accordingtomybond;normorenorless.

KINGLEAR:

How,how,Cordelia!

mendyourspeechalittle,

Lestitmaymaryourfortunes.

CORDELIA:

Goodmylord,

Youhavegivenmelife,bredme,lovedme:

I

returnthosedutiesbackasfollows:

I  obeyyou,loveyou,andhonouryou.

  Mysistershusbands,iftheysay

theyloveyouall?

Thenwhydotheyleaveyoualone?

SomedaywhenIgetmarried,halfofmylove,mydutyandmycarenesswillgivemyhusband,:

Sure,Ishallnevermarrylikemysisters,

ifIlovemyfathermostly.

KINGLEAR:

Isthatallyouthink?

CORDELIA:

Ay,goodmylord.SoyoungIam,butIhaveabeautifulheart

KINGLEAR:

Letitbeso;theniceheartthen,beyourdower:

Forthemysteriesofdarkness,andthenight;

HereIdisclaimallmypaternalcare,

Propinquityandpropertyofblood,

Andasastrangertomyheartandme

Holdthee,fromthis,forever.ThebarbarousScythian,

Orhethatmakeshisgenerationmesses

Togorgehisappetite,shalltomybosom

Beaswel