考试宝典职称英语考试卫生类阅读判断练习题二.doc

考试宝典职称英语考试卫生类阅读判断练习题二.doc

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职称英语考试宝典系列软件

　【考试宝典】2014年职称英语考试卫生类阅读判断练习题

（二）

UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

　　Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）virus（HIV），oneofmankind'smostfearedviruses，asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpelssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody'simmune（免疫的）defenses，makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies，accordingtotheObservef

　　AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute，oneoftheworld'sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences，hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）tobeginclinicalgenetherapy（治疗）trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave"farwiderapplications".

　　Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas"shocking''butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

　　Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient'sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears，breakthroughsingenetics（遗传学）haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.

　　Unfortunately.thebody'simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.

　　TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrOm。

andthendestroy，theImmunedefense

　　cellsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayof

　　secretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies.

　　1.FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　2.TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　3.HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　4.TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody'simmunecells

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　5.Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　6.ItisthelackofmoneythathashelduDtheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancen

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　7.TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　答案：

　1.B　　2.B　　3.A　　4.A　　5.C　　6.B　　7.C

Beforethewidespreaduseofcomputers,managerscouldnotmakefulluseoflargeamountsofvaluableinformationaboutacompany'sactivities.Theinformationeitherreachedmanagerstoolateorwastooexpensivetobeused.Today,managersarefacingawiderangeofdataprocessingandinformationinstruments.Inplaceofafewfinancialcontrols,managerscandrawoncomputer-basedinformationsystemstocontrolactivitiesineveryareaoftheircompany.Onanykindsofperformancemeasures,theinformationprovidedbythesesystemshelpsmanagerscomparestandardswithactualresults,findoutproblems,andtakecorrectiveactionbeforeitistoolatetomakechanges.

　　Theintroductionofcomputerizedinformationsystemshassharplychangedmanagementcontrolinmanycompanies.Evenaneighborhoodshopkeepermaynowusecomputerstocontrolsales,billing,andotheractivities.Inlargecompanies,electronicdataprocessingsystemsmonitorentireprojectsandsetsofoperations.

　　Now,thereareabout24millionmicrocomputersinuseintheUnitedStates——oneforevery10citizens.Itisestimatedthatby1996,61percentofAmericanmanagerswillbeusingsomesortofelectronicworkstation.Inorderformanagerstobesurethatthecomputer-basedinformationtheyarereceivingisaccurate,theyneedtounderstandhowcomputerswork.However,inmostcasestheydonotneedtolearnhowtoprogramcomputers.Rather,managersshouldunderstandhowcomputerizedinformationsystemswork;howtheyaredeveloped;theirlimitationsandcosts;andthemannerinwhichinformationsystemsmaybeused.Suchanunderstandingisnotdifficulttoachieve.

　　Oneresearchfoundthatbusinessfirmsweremoresuccessfulinteachingbasicinformationaboutcomputerstobusinessgraduatesthantheywereinteachingbusinesssubjectstocomputersciencegraduates.

　　16Today,conventionalfinancialcontrolsarestillexercisedinsomeminorareassuchasbillingandvocationaltraining.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　17Itisunnecessaryforaneighborhoodbakertouseacomputerinhisshop

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　18Atpresentabout10%ofAmericancitizenspossessamicrocomputer.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　19Onethingthatmanagersdonothavetounderstandishowcomputerswork.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　20Insomecasesmanagershavetolearnhowtowriteprogramssoastoworkoutcomputerizedinformationsystemsthatsuittheirowncompaniesbest.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　21Computerizedfirmswouldratheremploybusinessgraduatesthancomputersciencegraduatesbecauseitiseasiertotraintheformerintoqualifiedemployees.

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　参考答案：

　　16.A　　17.B　　18.B　　19.A　　20.B　21.C

　TheDoctorinAmerica

　　Self-employedprivatephysicianswhochargeafeeforeachpatientvisithavebeenthenormforAmericanmedicalpractice.Mostphysicianshaveacontractrelationshipwithoneormorehospitalsintheircommunity.Theyrefertheirpatientsasneededtothehospital,whichusuallychargesaccordingtothenumberofdaysapatientstaysandthefacilities-X-rays,operatingrooms,tests-heorsheuses.

　　Somemedicaldoctorsareonsalary.Salariedphysiciansmayworkashospitalstaffmembers,orresidents,whoareoftenstillintraining.Theymayteachinmedicalschools,behiredbycorporationstocarefortheirworkersorworkforthefederalgovernment'sPublicHealthService.

　　Physiciansareamongthebest-paidprofessionalsintheUnitedStates.Inthe1980s,itwasnotuncommonformedicaldoctorsto,earnincomesofmorethan$100,000ayear.Specialists,particularlysurgeons,mightearnseveraltimesthatamount.Physicianslistmanyreasonswhytheydeservetobesowellrewardedfortheirwork.OnereasonisthelongandexpensivepreparationrequiredtobecomeaphysicianintheUnitedStates.Mostwould-bephysiciansfirstattendcollegeforfouryears,whichcancostnearly$20,000ayearatoneofthebestprivateinstitutions.Prospectivephysiciansthenattendmedicalschoolforfouryears.Tuitionalonecanexceed$10,000ayear.Bythetimetheyhaveobtainedtheirmedicaldegrees,manyyoungphysiciansaredeeplyindebt.Theystillfacethreetofiveyearsofresidency（住院医生实习期）inahospital,thefirstyearasanapprenticephysician.Thehoursarelongandthepayisrelativelylow.

　　Settingupamedicalpracticeisexpensive,too.Sometimesseveralphysicianswilldecidetoestablishagrouppractice,sotheycansharetheexpenseofmaintaininganofficeandbuyingequipment.Thesephysiciansalsotakecareofeachother'spatientsinemergencies.

　　Physiciansworklonghoursandmustacceptagreatdealofresponsibility.Manymedicalprocedures,evenquiteroutineones,involverisk.Itisunderstandablethatphysicianswanttobewellrewardedformakingdecisionswhichcanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

　　1.ManyphysiciansintheUSareself-employedprivatephysicians

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　2.NosalariedphysiciansteachinmedicalschoolsintheUS.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　3.Ofallemployedphysicians,thosehiredbycorporationsarebestpaid

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　4.BecomingaphysicianintheUScostsconsiderabletimeandmoney.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　5.PhysiciansintheUSarepoorlyrewardedfortheirwork

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　6.AnyonewithamedicaldegreecansetupamedicalpracticeintheUS

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　7.TherearemoremenphysiciansthanwomenphysiciansintheUS

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Notmentioned

　　答案：

　　1.A　　2.B　　3.C　　4.A5.B　　6.B　　7.C

AIDS

　　TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）saysasmanyas10millionpersonsworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS（艾滋病）。

Expertsbelieveabout350thousandpersonshavethedisease.Andonemillionmoremaygetitinthenextfiveyears.IntheUnitedStates，about50，000personshavediedwithAIDS.Thecountry'stopmedicalofficialsaysmorethan90percentofallAmericanswhohadtheAIDSvirusfiveyearsagoaredead.

　　ThereisnocureforAIDSandnovaccine（疫苗）topreventit.However，researchersknowmuchmoreaboutAIDSthantheydidjustafewyearsago.WenowknowthatAIDSiscausedbyavirus.Thevirusinvadeshealthycells，includingwhitebloodcellsthatarepartofourdefensesystemagainstdisease.Ittakescontrolofthehealthycell'sgenetic（基因的）materialandforcesthecelltomakeacopyofthevirus.Thecellthendies.Andtheviralparticlesmoveontoinvadeandkillhealthiercells.

　　TheAIDSvirusiscarriedinaperson'sbodyfluids（液体）。

Theviruscanbepassedsexuallyorbysharinginstrumentsusedtotakeintravenous（进入静脉的）drugs.ItalsocanbepassedinbloodproductsorfromapregnantwomanwithAIDStoherdevelo