11英语考研真题.docx
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11英语考研真题
第一部分：
完形填空
文章是取自2009年3月25日ScientificAmerican（《科学美国人》），原文标题为“HowHumorMakesYouFriendlier,Sexier”（幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感），作者为SteveAyan。
文章探讨的是笑声的作用与情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。
除了延续以往对固定搭配和词汇的考查，更侧重于对文章意思的理解。
这也就意味着进一步向阅读靠拢，侧重对文章整体意思和逻辑的把握。
所以也就要求考生在做题时要具备一种全局观。
第二部分：
阅读理解
A部分
Text1文章取自Commentary（评论）2007年9月版，原文标题为SellingClassicalMusic，作者为TerryTeachout。
文章分析的是一个交响乐团所面临的困境，以及作者给出的原因和解决途径。
难度一般。
Text2文章取自BusinessWeek（商业周刊）2009年11月5日，原文标题为TopManagersAreQuitting,WithoutaNewJob（顶级经理人在离职，新工作还没着落），作者为JenaMcGregor。
文章讲述的是和经济相关的内容，随着金融危机的缓和，工作机会渐增，许多高级经理人在没有找到下家时，就先辞职，也就是现在所谓的“裸辞”。
针对这一现象，文章分析了这种“裸辞”的利弊和产生的原因。
难度一般。
Text3文章取自TheMcKinseyQuarterly（麦肯锡季刊），原文标题为：
BeyondPaidMedia:
Marketing'sNewVocabulary。
分析的是大众媒体最新的变化，由于涉及一些专业词汇，所以难度为较难。
Text4文章取自NewsWeek（新闻周刊）2010年9月7日，原文标题为NotOnBoardWithBaby（孩子不能登机登船），作者为JennieYabroff。
文章讨论的是美国的社会文化--是否要孩子。
文章关键在于对作者观点态度的把握。
四篇文章题材主要涉及经济和文化，题型分布相对较平均，例证题、词汇题和态度题都有相应的分布，较之去年难度降低。
B部分
文章取自Economist（经济学人）2010年2月25日。
选的是大纲中第二种备选题型：
排序题，这种题型是第一次在考试中出现。
总体来看，难度与以前持平。
C部分
文章取自Fiftyself-helpclassics一书的CHAPTER1JamesAllen，出题者在原文基础上稍作了改写。
翻译中会涉及一些富有哲理性的话语，还有一些单词的翻译则是要根据上下文的语境来进行意译。
这都是需要考生加以注意的。
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefin
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