人力资源管理外文文献翻译.docx

人力资源管理外文文献翻译.docx

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人力资源管理外文文献翻译

文献信息：

文献标题：

ApplicabilityofCorporateSocialResponsibilitytoHumanResourcesManagement:

PerspectivefromSpain（人力资源管理的企业社会责任适用性：

从西班牙的角度分析）

国外作者：

FernandoJ.Fuentes-Garcı´a，JuliaM.Nu´n˜ez-Tabales，RicardoVeroz-Herrado´n

文献节选：

《JournalofBusinessEthics》,2008,82

（1）:

27-44

字数统计：

英文2393单词，13291字符；中文4396汉字

外文文献：

ApplicabilityofCorporateSocialResponsibilitytoHumanResourcesManagement:

PerspectivefromSpain

ABSTRACTThisarticleanalysestheconceptofCorporateSocialResponsibilityinrelationtoHumanResources（HR）management.Fivepotentialtoolsaredefinedandtheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesarediscussed.Finally,theimplementationofthemostadvancedandpowerfultoolinthisareaisstudied:

theSA8000standard.

KEYWORDS:

CorporateSocialResponsibility,humanresources,interestgroups,SA8000standard,Spain

Introduction:

thegrowingimportanceofCSR

Atthedawnofthethirdmillennium,thereisgrowinginterestinthesocialdimensionofbusinessactivities;nowadays,citizensarebetterinformedandtheirvalueshavechanged;theyareincreasinglyecologicallyandsociallyawareanddemandmorefromcompaniesthanjusttheefficientproductionofgoodsandservices.

CompanieshaverespondedtothenewsocialdemandsoftheirinterestgroupsbyimplementingCorporateSocialResponsibility（CSR）actions,whichincludealltheirenvironmentalandsocialactivitiesthatgobeyondmereeconomicinterestsandbreakawayfromthetraditionalimageofacompanythatfocusessolelyongeneratingvalueforitsshareholders.

PorterandKramer（2003）believethereisaspacewheretheinterestsofpurephilanthropyandpurebusinesscanconvergeandcreatebothsocialandeconomicbenefits.Inshort,CSRcangivecompaniesacompetitiveedge,astrategythatleadingcompaniesarealreadyimplementing.

ThedevelopmentofCSRistheresultofchangesinthedevelopedworld’scorevalues（greaterconcernforenvironmentaldeterioration,discriminatoryworkingpractices,respectforhumanrights,etc.）andislinkedtothreekeyfactors（NietoandFerna´ndez,2004）:

•Increasedregulation:

Regulationshavebeendrawnupbyverydiverseinternationalorganizations（UN,OECD,EU...）andgovernmentalsources,requiringalleconomicagentstorespectcertainguidelinesthatworkforthegoodofsocietyingeneral.

•Pressurefromconsumermarkets:

Consumermarketsarenowgraduallychangingandagrowingnumberofconsumersaremakingresponsiblepurchases,choosingorganicproductsorthoseproducedinaccordancewithCSRcriteria（fairtrade,limiteduseofnon-renewableresources,fairworkingconditions,etc.）.

•Pressurefromthefinancialmarket:

Thepressurefromthefinancialmarketisthemostrecentchange.Inmoneymarkets,agrowingnumberofinvestorsarelookingforSRI（sociallyresponsibleinvestment）,whichreferstofundsandcompaniesthatdevelopgoodCSRpractices.Certainstudiesindicatethatinvestorsarenotsolelymovedbyaltruisticvaluessincethereisapositivecorrelationbetweensocialandfinancialperformance（itseemsthatcompanieswithmoredevelopedCSRpoliciesandactivitieshavefewersanctions,greaterqualitymanagement,betterreputationsandareabletorecruitandretainthebeststaff）.

ReasonsthatdrivecompaniestoadoptCSRcriteria

TherearetwobasicreasonsthathaveledcompaniestoadoptCSRcriteria:

–Ontheonehand,greatersocialawarenessonaglobalscale.Publicopinionisincreasinglycriticalofthenegativeeffectsofglobalizationandoverthelastfewyearsmanyassociationsandinitiativeshavebeenspringingupthroughnongovernmentalorganizations,foundationsandstandardsagenciestotacklethisissue.

–Ontheotherhand,companiesthemselvesaredivulgingtheadvantagesofferedbyCSRnotonlyasadefensivestrategythatprotectsthemagainstpossiblechargesandlawsuits,butalsoasanoffensivestrategytocreatevalue.Thisisconsequenceoftheincreasingimpactofsocialcriteriainconsumers’purchasingdecisions,asrevealedinarecentCSRstudyinEurope.

Ingeneral,consumersarenotwillingtobuyproductsorservicesfromcompaniesthatengageinunethicalbehaviour.Facedwithgrowingcompetitionandtheincreasedtransparencyofinformation,companiesfeelobligedtoadoptCSRpractices.

EventhoughcompaniesdonotusuallypublicizethespecificreasonsthathaveledthemtoadoptCSRcriteria,theEuropeanCommissionhasputtogetheralistofmotives,suggestedbythecompaniesthemselves:

–Businessethics.

–Thepersonalcommitmentofthecompany’sdirectors.

–Improvecompetitiveness.

–Strengthenthecompany’simage.

–Preventnegativepublicity,lawsuitsorcampaignsagainstthecompany.

–Increasecustomerloyalty.

–Standoutfromthecompetition.

–Improvehumanresourcesmanagement.

–Strengthentheloyaltyofmanagementstaff.

–Attractnewemployees.

–Improveadaptationtochange.

–Costreduction.

–Taxbreaks.

CSRandHRmanagement

CSRencompassesawiderangeofpractices,fromrespectfortheenvironmenttotheeliminationofdiscriminationandabuseintheworkplace.

OneofthebasicaspectsofCSR,whichisincreasinglygainingimportance,isthefactthatitisalsoimplementedwithinthecompanyitself,specificallyintheareaofhumanresources.Here,CSRspansawiderangeofconceptsandcanvarybetweentheminimumrequirementsofrespectingtheworkers’basichumanrightsandtheimplementationofpoliciesthathelpemployeesachieveawork/lifebalance.

Thesepracticescanbeclassifiedintofourmainareas:

–Therecognitionofandrespectforbasichumanandworkersrightsestablishedbythevariousinternationalbodies.

–AdoptionofthemeasuresproposedintheEuropeanCommission’sGreenBookaimedatimprovingqualityofwork,suchascontinuouslearning,abetterwork/lifebalance,jobstability,etc.

–Actionsintheareaofoutsourcing,whichaffectcontractors,sub-contractorsandsuppliers.

–Actionsrelatedtochangesderivingfromcompanyrestructuringoperations,owingtothesocialconsequencesofsuchoperations.

ThefollowingclassificationcanbeusedtorankcompaniesaccordingtotheirCSRactivitiesinthisarea:

–Levelzero:

thesecompaniesdonotevencomplywithlegalrequirementsorrespectthebasichumanrightsestablishedbythevariousinternationalorganizations.

–Levelone:

thesecompaniescarryoutcertainsocialactivities,althoughtheymakenomodificationsoftheirmanagementandthereforetheycannotbeconsideredCSRactions.

–Leveltwo:

thesecompaniesimplementareactivestrategyintermsofriskpreventionbyadoptingformalinitiativeswhichdonotimplyasignificantchangeintheirmanagement.

–Levelthree:

thesecompaniesadoptanactiveapproach,integratingCSRcriteriaintotheirmanagement.

CSRcomplianceandcommunicationalternativesinHRmanagement

Asmentionedpreviously,productionactivitiesareincreasinglybeingrelocatedtoareaswherecostsarelowerandtheauthoritiesaremorepermissiveregardingcertainabusivepractices.Butglobalizationhasalsomeantthatthemediapublishmoreinformationabouttheactivitiesofcompaniesandanypossibleabuses.

Manypeoplearenotwillingtopurchaseproductsfromcompaniesthatdonotrespectthehumanrightsoftheirworkersoremploychildreninfactorieslocatedinotherpartsoftheworld,evenifthatsamecompanydoesnotcarryoutthesepracticesinEurope.Facedwithincreasinglyawarepublicopinionabouttheabusesofmultinationalcompanies,saidcompaniesareexpectednotonlytobehonestandhonourable,butinparticulartoappeartobeso（muchlikeCaesar’swife）.

Largecompaniessufferfromaprofound（andoftenunfair）assumptionofguiltthatleadsthemtolookforalternativestostrengthenandcleanuptheircorporateimageintheeyesofsociety.ThemainroutescurrentlyusedtotackleCSRobligationsare:

–listsofsociallyresponsiblecompanies;

–sustainabilityindexes;

–theestablishmentofcodesofconduct;

–thesupportorratificationofinternationaldeclarations/standards;

–Socialreportsthatseektoincreasetransparencyinhumanresourcesmanagement;

–certificatesguaranteeingthatcertainhumanresourcesethicalmanagementstandardsarebeingenforced,accreditationsofcompliancesimilartotraditionalqualityorenvironmentalcertificates（suchasISO9000or14000）.

Sustainabilityindexes

CompaniesmustprovethattheycarryoutcertainCSRactivitiesdefinedbytheindexproviderinordertogainsuchaccreditation.

ThetwoindexesthathavehadthegreatestmediaimpactaretheDowJonesSustainabilityIndex（DJSIWord）andtheFTSE4GooD,launchedbythetworeputableindexproviders,DowJonesandFTSE（FinancialTimesStockExchange）,respectively.

TheDowJonesSustainabilityIndex（DJSIWord）aimstoprovideguidanceforinvestorswhoareconcernedaboutsustainabledevelopmentandsocialpractices.7Itusesthefollowingsocialcriteria:

–corporatecitizenship

–commitmenttointerestgroups

–workingpractices

–developmentofhumancapital

–organizationallearning

–socialinformation

–attractionandretentionofqualifiedworkers

–standardsforsuppliers

–specificcriteriaforeachindustry

TheSA8000standard

Originandcontent

TheSA8000standardwasdraftedin1997intheUnitedStates,withtheaimofimprovinglabourconditionsonaglobalscale.ItwasdrawnupbyagroupofexpertsbroughttogetherbytheCouncilonEconomicPrioritiesAccreditationAgency,CEPAA,includingindividualsfromorganizationsthatrepresentedseveralinterestedparties（tradeunions,manufacturers,retailers,academicinstitutions,NGOs,andconsultancyfirmsandcertificationcompanies）.In1998,theSocialAccountabilityInternational（SAI）organizationwassetuptodirectthe