初中英语近义词辨析中考复习.docx
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初中英语近义词辨析中考复习
初中英语近义词辨析中考复习
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
2.clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
3.family,house,home
4.home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
6.sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
7.photo,picture,drawing
8.photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.
9.population,people
10.population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.
11.road,street,path,way
12.road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
13.takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.
14.custom,habit
15.custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
16.exercise,exercises,practice
17.exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习
18.Practicemakesperfect.
19.class,lesson
20.作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;class5.
21.officer,official
22.officer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer
23.work,job
24.二者均指工作。
work不可数，job可数agoodjob
25.couple,pair
26.couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers
27.country,nation,state,land
28.country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
29.police,policeman
30.police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
31.problem,question
32.problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用.
33.chick,chicken
34.二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.
35.trip,journey,travel,voyage
36.travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip
37.sport,game
38.sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
39.price,prize
40.price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.
41.anumberof,thenumberof
42.anumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
43.infrontof,inthefrontof
44.infrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
45.threeofus,thethreeofus
46.threeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
47.bybus,onthebus
48.bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.
49.nextyear,thenextyear
50.nextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
51.inplaceof,intheplaceof
52.inplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
53.agirl,onegirl
54.agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox
55.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
56.thedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris
57.inbed,onthebed
58.inbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.
59.inchargeof,inthechargeof
60.inchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.
61.inclass,intheclass
62.inclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
63.asecond,thesecond
64.asecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.
65.it,one
66.it同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
67.that,this
68.that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…
69.none,nothing,noone
70.none强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人
71.---Howmany…/Howmuch…---None.
72.anyone,anyone
73.anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou
74.who,what
75.who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位WhatisyourdadHeisateacher.
76.what,which
77.what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
78.Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples
79.other,another
80.other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent
81.many,much,alotof
82.many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.
83.muchmore…than,manymore…than
84.muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
85.no,not
86.no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater
87.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
88.byoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，
89.自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
90.atall,afterall
91.atall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.
92.tall,high
93.tall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.
94.fast,quickly
95.fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly
96.healthy,healthful
97.healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise
98.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
99.sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的
100.asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
101.just,very
102.just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman
103.real,true
104.real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory
105.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
106.pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，
107.pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.
108.ill,sick
109.ill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy
110.good,well
111.good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.
112.quiet,silent,still
113.quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
114.hard,hardly
115.hard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.
116.almost,nearly
117.二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody
118.late,lately
119.late迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
120.living,alive,live,lively
121.living,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
122.excited,exciting
123.excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
124.aloud,loud
125.aloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud（出声地读）
126.worth,worthy
127.二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone
128.Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.
129.bad,badly
130.bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobad
131.Ineedthebookbadly.
132.beforelong,longbefore
133.beforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong
134.quite,rather
135.quite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible
136.happy,glad
137.happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl
138.instead,insteadof
139.instead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中
140.Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV. HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.
141.toomuch,muchtoo
142.toomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy
143.raise,rise
144.raise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.
145.bring,take,carry,fetch
146.bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk
147.spend,take,pay,cost
148.spend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;
149.pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱
150.join,joinin,takepartin
151.join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型活动,joinsb.in；
152.takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.
153.learn,study
154.learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
155.studytheproblem
156.want,hope,wish
157.want打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望（通常不能实现）wish（sb.）todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.
158.discover,invent,findout
159.discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，
160.findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.
161.answer,reply
162.answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter
163.leave,leavefor
164.leave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.
165.rob,steal
166.rob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.
167.shoot,shootat
168.shoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.
169.drop,fall
170.drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.
171.search,searchfor
172.search后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.
173.usedto,beusedto
174.usedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.
175.win,lose,beat
176.win后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem
177.liveon,liveby
178.liveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing
179.beat,hit,strike
180.beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings
181.lose,miss
182.lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance
183.careabout,carefor
184.careabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意
185.Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.
186.catchacold,haveacold
187.catchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以
188.Shehashadacoldforaweek.
189.continue,last
190.二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.
191.feed,raise
192.feed喂养，养活，饲养（togivefoodto），raise饲养，养育（causetogrow,bringupchildren）
193.raisethefamily
194.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor
195.goforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病
196.notice,observe,catchsightof
197.notice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars
198.look,seem,appear
199.look指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,
200.looklikehisfather
201.gather,collect
202.gather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps
203.diefrom,dieof
204.diefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，
205.寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold
206.divide,separate
207.divide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开
208.dividetheapple,separatethehouses
209.arrive,get,reach
210.arrive不及物动词，后接in（大地点），at（小地点），get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词
211.arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing
212.grow,plant
213.grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
214.plantthetrees,treesaregrowing
215.manage,try
216.managetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功
217.Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.
218.build,put
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