高中语法填空非谓语动词学案.docx
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高中语法填空非谓语动词学案
非谓语动词语法
1.__________(Travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience
2.__________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.
3.___________(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.
4.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.
5.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.
6.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,_________(make)airconditioningunnecessary.
7.Ittookhimalonglime__________(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.
8.Not_____________(know)whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.
9.Sonexttimewhenyou'repreparingforabigexam,spendsometime____________(read)loud.
10.Afamous19thcenturyRussianwriter,AntonChekhov,onceinvitedaChineseman________(have)adrinkinabar.
11.Thenationalparkhaslargecollectionofwildlife,______________(range)frombutterfliesto
elephants.
12.Ordinarysoap,_______________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.
非谓语动词
命题趋势:
近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语,动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语,及个别分词的用法。
定义:
非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词,它们在句中不能单独作谓语,而有谓语以外的其他语法功能,在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制,但仍有时态和语态的变化,也可以带宾语和状语,构成非谓语动词短语。
非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。
动词不定式由"to+动词原形"构成,在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也具有动词的部分特征,能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
动名词由动词加-ing构成,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。
动词是作谓语用的,当动词不是作谓语时,而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时,该动词就要用非谓语形式:
todo(即用to+原形),doing(即-ing形式),done(即-ed形式)。
根据三种形式的不同用法,以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式。
[例1]Suegothome,_____(feel)verytired.
[分析]因已有谓语动词got,而feel前又没有并列连词,所以feel是非谓语动词;又因Sue与feel是主动关系,故填feeling,分词短语作伴随状语。
[例2]______(build)in1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.
[分析]句中已有谓语动词is,所以build是非谓语动词;又因thebridge与build是被动关系,故填Built。
[例3]Ithasbeenhisdream_________(travel)roundtheworld.
[分析]It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故填totravel。
[例4]______(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.
[分析]因seemstobe…是谓语了,collect应为非谓语;由句子结构可知,填Collecting,动名词短语作主语,当然填Tocollect也是正确的。
[例5]Ididn'ttalkmuchtotheman_______(sit)nexttome.
[分析]因句中已有谓语动词didn'ttalk,所以sit应为非谓语动词;又因theman与sit是主动关系,故填sitting,分词短语作定语。
[例6]Sheavoided_______(answer)theteacher'squestions.
[解析]在avoid后只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语,故填answering。
顺便提提,一定要牢记:
①只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词,如finish,enjoy,consider,advise,suggest,feellike,can'thelp等;
②只能接todo作宾语的动词,如plan,want,wish,hope,wouldlike,refuse等;
③接todo与doing意思有差别的动词,如forget,remember,regret等;
④lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto等to是介词的短语动词。
❶动词不定式
功能
例句
主语
TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.
宾语
Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.
宾语补足语
Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.
定语
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
表语
Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.
状语
目的
Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.
结果
Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.
特例
1.不定式作宾语
(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
如:
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?
你今晚想去看一场电影吗?
(2)在find,think后面接不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如:
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:
whynotdo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…Iwouldratherstayathome.我宁愿待在家里。
2.不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如:
Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。
注意:
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:
Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们工作了一整夜。
3.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如:
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。
【题组训练】
()1.Myparentsalwaystellme_______morevegetablesandfruit.
A.eatB.eatingC.eatsD.toeat
()2.-Whatwouldyoulike_____foryourmumonMother'sDay?
-Adress.
A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys
()3.-Doyouclimbmountainseveryday?
-Yes,_______alittleexercise.I'msooutofshape.
A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget
()4.Don'tforget_______thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.
A.acceptB.toacceptC.sayD.tosay
()5.-Wedon'thaveenoughmoneyforourfieldtrip.Whatshallwedo?
-Thebestway_______moneyistosellnewspapers.
A.raiseB.toraiseC.raising
❷特殊结构的不定式
结构
例句
too…to结构
Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.
not+不定式
Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.
疑问词+不定式
作主语
Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.
作宾语
Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.
作表语
Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.
for+名词(代词的宾格)+不定式
Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.
of+名词(代词的宾格)+不定式
ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.
特例
1.动词不定式作主语。
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:
It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式。
如:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
如:
Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生要做什么。
Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。
(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)
【题组训练】
()6.Ialwaystellmystudents_____ontheroadbecauseit'sreallydangerous.
A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay
()7.-Whatseniorschooldoyouwanttogo,LiHua?
-It'shardforme________adecisionnow.
A.doB.todoC.makeD.tomake
()8.It'sratherhotintheroom.You'dbetter_______thewindowsorthedoor.
A.closeB.nottocloseC.don'tcloseD.notclose
()9.Myparentsaskedme_______computergames.
A.notplayingB.nottoplayC.notplay
()10.It'sdangerous________acloselookatthetigerinthezoo.
A.forustalkingB.ofustotakeC.ofustakingD.forustotake
1.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome.
2.IlikedtheideaofvisitingtheWestLake,butwasn'tsosureaboutcrossingtheBrokenBridge.Ifitwasbroken,didsheexpectme________(jump)across?
3.ThatBeijingtogetherwithZhangjiakousucceededingettingthechance________(host)the2022WinterOlympicGames,speedsupthedevelopmentofZhangjiakouCity.
4.Butthetortoisehadmadehismind________(go).
5.Whentheyneedadvice,theydon'tusuallygotopeopletheyknow.Instead,manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazineswhichgiveadviceonmanydifferentsubjects,includingfamilyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,andevenonhow__________(buy)ahouseoracar.
❸动词-ing形式
功能
例句
主语
Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.
宾语
Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.
表语
Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.
定语
Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.
宾语补足语
Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.
状语
Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.
1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语,初中阶段这类词有:
finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(练习),havefun(玩得高兴),feellike(想要),beusedto(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。
2.主语+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.如:
I'mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高兴再次见到你。
I'msorrytohearthat.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。
3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析:
(1)stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事
(2)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)
(3)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(事情已做)remembertodosth.记着去做某事(事情没做)
(4)goondoingsth.继续不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事,接着去做另外一件事
(5)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事
(6)regretdoingsth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
(7)meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事
【题组训练】
()11.-It'sgettingcold.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?
-Ofcoursenot.
A.closingB.tocloseC.closed
()12.Paullooksforwardto_______hispenpalassoonaspossible.
A.meetsB.meetC.meetingD.met
()13.MyoldneighborCharlesenjoys_____photos.Healwaysgoesoutwithhiscamera.
A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took
()14._______vegetablejuiceisagoodhabit,whichhelpsyoueatabalanceddiet.
A.DrinkB.DrankC.DrunkD.Drinking
()15.-Grandpahaschangedalot.-Sohehas.Hespendsmoretimethanheusedto______gameswiththechildren.
A.playB.playingC.playedD.plays
1.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude______(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
2.Oftenthehusbandandwifeandtheirchildrensharetheresponsibilitiesof______(prepare)themealandcleaningupafterward.
3.Havingatotalinvestmentof31.17billionyuan,thetripbetweenthetwocitieswillonlytake40minutes,withthetrain______(travel)atanaverageof250km/h.
4.______(study)atColumbiainNewYorkCity,hethenenteredHarvardLawSchool.
5.Whenever______(go)outonweekends,Ialwayschosefastfood.AnorderofchickennuggetswithasideoffrieswaswhatIalwayswanted.
6.Notripwouldbecompletewithoutexperiencingthelocalfoodculture.Actually,Chinahasvariouskindsofdeliciousfood,______(include)awidevarietyoflocalsnacks(小吃).
7.Toourdisappointment,onlyabout1,000arestilllivingatpresent.WesincerelyhopethatWWFcanplayarolein______(protect)thisendangeredspecies.
8.OutsideclassIpracticed______(listen)totheFrenchlanguageradio