高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题三 阅读理解 考点十六 科普研究类.docx

高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题三 阅读理解 考点十六 科普研究类.docx

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高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十六科普研究类

考点十六　科普研究类

A

限时7分

Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmeninwhichdeathsfromheartdiseaseweremorethan50percentloweramongthosewhoconsumed

atleastanounceofsaltwaterfishperdaycomparedto

thosewhoneveratefish.

TheDutchresearchisoneofthreehumanstudiesthatgivestrongscientificsupporttothelongheldbeliefthateatingfishcanprovide

healthbenefits,particularlytotheheart.

HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.

Butprevious

researchhasshownthatthelevelofheartdiseaseislowerinculturesthatconsumemorefishthanAmericansdo.Therearefewerheartdiseasedeaths,forexample,amongtheEskimosofGreenland,whoconsumeabout14ouncesoffishaday,andamongtheJapanese,whosedailyfishconsumptionaveragesmorethan3ounces.

For20years,theDutchstudyfollowed852middleagedmen,20percentofwhomatenofish.Atthestartofthestudy,averagefishconsumptionwasabouttwothirdsofanounceeachday,withmoremeneatingleanfishthanfattyfish.

Duringthenexttwodecades,78ofthemendiedfromheartdisease.Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish,evenatlevelsfarlowerthanthoseoftheJapaneseorEskimos.This_relationshipwastrueregardlessof

otherfactorssuchasage,highbloodpressure,orbloodcholesterol（胆固醇）levels.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇说明文。

一项研究表明，经常吃鱼对人的健康有好处，特别是在预防心脏疾病方面。

1．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?

A．Ads.B．Movies.

C．Briefs.D．HealthandDiet.

答案　D　推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究报告，应该出现在报纸的饮食与健康版面。

故选D。

2．Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A．thehighincidenceofheartdiseaseinsomecountries

B．thechangesinpeople'sdiet

C．theeffectoffisheatingonpeople'shealth

D．thedailyfishconsumptionofpeopleindifferentcultures

答案　C　主旨大意题。

根据第一段内容“Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmen...”可知，本文主要是关于经常吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究发现。

故选C。

3．Thephrase“Thisrelationship”inParagraph5referstotheconnectionbetween________andthelevelofheartdisease.

A．theamountoffisheatenB．regularfisheating

C．thekindoffisheatenD．peopleofdifferentareas

答案　B　词义猜测题。

根据前一句“Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish，...”可知，画线部分指的是规律性地吃鱼和心脏病水平的关系。

故选B。

4．Fromthepassageweknowtheauthorismostprobably________.

A．aheartdoctor

B．ascienceresearcher

C．asupporterofhealthyeating

D．auniversitystudent

答案　C　推理判断题。

根据第一段的内容可知，每天吃鱼可以预防心脏病，同时说明这是一项荷兰人的研究发现。

另外，文中一直在介绍该研究的发现，并没有说明作者的身份，因此可以推断他应该是一个健康饮食的支持者。

故选C。

1．consumevt.消费；消耗　　　2.providevt.提供

3．previousadj.以前的

1．compare...to...把……比作……；把……与……相比

2．regardlessof不管，不顾

原文：

HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.（with复合结构）

译文：

在美国，心脏病是头号杀手，每年因心脏病引起的死亡人数超过550000人。

仿写：

Shefollowedtheguidewith_her_head_down.

她低着头，跟在导游后面。

B

限时7分

Talkingplantsmightsoundlikecharactersinafairytale.Butrecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherandwithotherlivingthingsinasurprisingnumberofways.Tounderstandthem,scientistssay,wejusthavetolearntheirlanguage.Farmersareespeciallyinterestedinwhatplantshavetosay.

“Plantsareabletocommunicatewithallsortsoforganisms（有机体）.Theycancommunicatewithgiantbacteria,withotherplantsandwithinsects.Theydothischemically，”saidCahill,anEcologyProfessoroftheUniversityofAlbertainCanada.

Plantscientistsarejustbeginningtounderstandthischemical“language”.Cahillsaysstudieshaveshown,forexample,thatplantscanevaluate

conditionsintheirimmediateenvironmentandtakeappropriateactions.Plantshaveanability,forexample,tosignalpainordiscomfortcausedbyanythingfromtemperatureextremestoaninsectattack.JackSchultz,aprofessorofchemicalecologyattheUniversityofMissouri,sayswhenaplantsenses

thatit'sbeingeaten,itcannotwalkawayfromtrouble;onthecontrary

，itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.

“Theirlanguageisachemicallanguage,anditinvolveschemicalsthatmovethroughtheairthatareeasytobechangeable,andmostofallaresmellsthatwearefamiliarwith，”Schultzexplained.

“Allplantsrespondedto

theattackbychangingtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves，”Schultzrecalled.“Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.

”

Studieshavealsoshownthatplantsunderattackreleasepleasantchemicals.Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.

Intheend,plants'abilitytocommunicatetheirneeds—andourabilitytounderstandthem—couldhelpfarmersreducetheuseofpoisonouschemicals,cutoperatingcostsandlimitdamagetotheenvironment.

篇章导读：

这是一篇科普说明文。

文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。

5．Therecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscan________.

A．communicatewithotherlivingthingsinachemicalway

B．hardlyreacttoanysuddenchangeintemperature

C．useaveryspecialchemicallanguagewhichisfamiliartous

D．respondtotheattackbygivingoffpoisonouschemicals

答案　A　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段可知，植物能够与其他生物通过化学语言的方式进行交流。

故选A。

6．Whenbeingeatenbyaninsect,theplantwill________.

A．walkawayfromtrouble

B．changeitschemistrytokilltheinsect

C．releaseachemicalvaporto“ask”otherplantsforhelp

D．giveoffnicechemicalstoattractfriendlyinsectskillingthepest

答案　D　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句中的“whenaplantsensesthatit'sbeingeaten,...itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.”以及文章倒数第二段第二句“Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.”可知，当植物被昆虫蚕食的时候，植物会释放出一种化学蒸汽，这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。

故选D。

7．Theunderlinedword“alert”mostprobablymeans“________”．

A．warnB．protect

C．threatenD．allow

答案　A　词义猜测题。

根据上下文语境，植物在遭受攻击时会释放出一种化学物质，这种化学物质有两种功能，一是警示危险的存在；二是发出求助信息。

由此可知，此处的alert意为“警示，告诫”，即warn。

故选A。

8．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Communicationbetweenplants

B．Achemical“language”

C．Plantscantalk

D．Howplantsprotectthemselves

答案　C　标题判断题。

文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。

C项既能概括文章的主题又生动风趣，尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。

故选C。

1．evaluatevt.评估；评价

2．sensevt.察觉；意识到　n.感官；意识；理性

1．onthecontrary正相反，相反地

2．respondto对……做出反应

原文：

Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.（eventhough引导让步状语从句）

译文：

但是我们非常吃惊地发现，附近的植物也改变了自身的化学物质来保护自己，即使这些植物并不是实验的一部分。

仿写：

Wewon'tchangeourplaneven_though_it_rains_tomorrow.

即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。

C

限时8分

Thehumanbodyisanamazingmachine.It'stough,andweusuallyrecoverfromillnessorinjuryonourown,withoutthehelpof

adoctor.Butwhathappenswhenweneedmedicaltreatment?

Inthepast,somepeoplewenttoahospitaltoseeamedicaldoctor.Otherspreferredtraditionaltreatments,suchasherbalmedicine（中药）oracupuncture（针灸）.Thesetwotypesofmedicine—onemodernandWesternandtheotherancientandEastern—usedtohavenothingtodowitheachother.

Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguncombiningbothmodernmedicalscienceandmoretraditionaltreatments.Thisnewkindofmedicineisoftencalledintegrativemedicinebecauseitintegrates,orcombines,differenttypesofmedicalapproaches

.Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineincludepreventing_illness_by_helping_people_

stay_healthy,_integratingdifferenttypesoftreatmentsaccordingtopatientneeds,andconsideringthehealthofthewholepersonratherthanconcentratingonaparticularillnessorinjury.

OnehealthorganizationinAmericahasopeneditsIntegrativeMedicineandWellnessCenter.Atthecenter,membersareoffereddifferentservices.Thosesufferingbackachecantrymassagetorelax

theirmusclesandencouragetheflowofhealingenergyintheirbody.Thosewithallergiesarehelpedtodeveloptheirbody'snaturalresistance.Andthosewhoaren'till,butwanttoimprovetheirstrengthandfocustheirmind,taketaichioryogoclasses.

Integrativemedicinepatientsappreciatehavinganalternativetosurgeryortodrugsandtheirharmfulsideeffects.Theyalsoenjoyactivitiesandtreatmentsthatmakethemfeelbettereveniftheyarenotsick.Andeconomically

，preventingillnessismuchlessexpensivethanahospitalstay.

AccordingtoDrAndrewWeil,founderofthePrograminIntegrativeMedicineattheUniversityofArizona,integrativemedicinecombinesthebestpartsofWesternmedicinewith

traditionaltherapies.Andbecausebothdoctorsandpatientsareworkingtopreventillness,theybecomepartnerswiththesamegoalinsteadofstrangerswhoseeeachotheronlywhenthepatientissick.

篇章导读：

这是一篇科普说明文。

文章主要介绍了用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病的价值。

9．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．Westernmedicine

B．Acupunctureandherbalmedicine

C．Changesinmedicaleducation

D．Combiningmodernandtraditionalmedicine

答案　D　标题判断题。

这篇文章主要介绍的是采用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病，A、B、C都很片面，所以以D为标题更为恰当。

故选D。

10．Byusingtheunderlinedstatement“preventingillnessbyhelpingpeoplestayhealthy”inParagraph2,thewriterwantsto________.

A．provideadviceonhowtostayhealthy

B．describeaprincipleofintegrativemedicine

C．recommendmodernmedicineovertraditionalmedicine

D．explainwhysomepeopledoubttheeffectivenessofnewtreatments

答案　B　推理判断题。

根据画线部分前面的“Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineinclude”可知，作者写这句话意在描述中西结合药物的原理。

故选B。

11．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofintegrativemedicine?

A．Havingah