船长面试问题及参考答案.docx
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船长面试问题及参考答案
船长面试问题及参考答案
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船长面试问题及参考答案
船长是船上最重要的职位,也是个方面要求最高的职位。
船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真,最费时间,也是最复杂的,作为一名合格的船长,不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术,更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。
还要勤于动脑、身体力行,在所有船员面前树立典范。
船东在进行面试时,往往提问船长的问题最多,也最复杂,考察的时间也最长。
提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。
下面收集了一部分面试试题,供广大面试船长参考。
其中部分问题,不但船长必备,其他干部船员,尤其是大副也必须看,轮机长也应该参考一下。
1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?
实事求是,最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间,最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况,谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。
Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
2.Whatisaclassificationsociety?
Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?
Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.
Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.
Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:
NK(Japanese日本海事协会),CCS(Chinese),ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英国劳氏),GL(GermanLloyd德国劳氏),KR(Korea),RINA(意大利船级社).
3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?
实事求是,若没有做过,千万不要伪造。
并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致,特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况,因为你是船长,应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。
Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?
曾经在什么船上工作过,运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题,因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时,对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。
因为你只有运过某种货物,才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输途中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。
其实,你如果运过某些货物,你也应该说出来。
下面提供几种货物的名称,供参考:
Bulkcargocement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorus,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.,
Generalcargo:
vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial.Other:
Log,plywood,container,andsoon.
5.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea,whichportshaveyoucalled?
IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanalandDenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.
Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas:
全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide;固定航线fixedroute.
6.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?
Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore,mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.
各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。
至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要,关键是不要妄自菲薄;试想一下,如果中国的船东一无是处的话,我们中国船员的素质又会如何呢?
7.Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,howwouldyouhandleit?
Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.
Ifnecessary,I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.
关于货损失、方面的处理程序,各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件,上面只是一般的处理原则。
8.HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?
Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.
9.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?
Hints:
YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels,andsoon.
PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.
10.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?
11.ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwith
emergencysituationlikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhen
12.
13.
No,IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparationbeforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothroughthePSCinspectionssmoothly.
Oryoucansay:
Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily,wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.
14.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?
Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.
15.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?
Well,it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.
引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一点,船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。
16.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?
Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.
绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通,并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。
当然,和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。
17.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?
Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.
18.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?
Ususlly,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L):
measure,quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalueunknownetc.,DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.
19.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?
AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonalillnessandinjury,cargodamage,collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedorfloatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.
20.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?
WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?
SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,aswellasthemarineenvironment.
MARPOL,73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.
几个国际公约的名称,特别是全称应该了如指掌。
对公约主要条款更应该知道。
现在,ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约,对ISMCODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。
21.Priortoship’sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?
Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:
a)Steeringgeartest
b)Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonization
c)Internal,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttest
d)Thewhistleandnavigationalliststests
e)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA,RADAR,GMDSS)test
f)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessary
22.HowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?
Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually,themoreoftenthedrillisdone,thebetter.
Butbeforeenteringintosomeports,forexample,intheUSwherePSCinspectionsareve