卫生AB第七讲2版Word下载.docx
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wasopentodebate.
答案:
A
解析:
题干中held的正确理解很重要：
hold在这里是“认为，以为”，另外被选项中beopento（对...开放的；
易受到,易招致）的结构含义也是考点。
首先借助常识排除B；
再借助原文：
利用题干中的核心结构（differencebetweenlifeanddeath）和特征结构/时间状语（inthepast）作为答案线索词，这样在原文中找到答案相关句:
Peopleinthepastdidnotquestionthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Theycouldseethatapersondiedwhenhisheartstoppedbeating.划线句说“人们在过去不对生死的差异提出质疑，他们认为一个人的心脏停止跳动就意味着这个人死去了。
”根据这句话的内容判断A（容易辨别）是答案。
hold：
认为，以为e.g.Weholdthatnocountryshouldinterfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountries./我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。
Question:
vt,vi询问；
质问,表示怀疑e.g.Idonotquestionhishonesty./我不怀疑他的诚实。
2、WhichofthefollowingisNOTaphenomenonmentionedinthepassage?
Theheartmaykeepbeatingafterthebrainhasdied.
Thebodymaystillbealiveaftertheheartandthebrainhavestoppedworking.
Thebrainmaystillbeactiveafterthehearthasstoppedbeating.
Thelungmaykeepbreathingafterthebrainhasdied.
B
利用被选项中的特征词作分别为答案线索词（A:
heart,brain;
B:
body,heartandthebrain;
C:
brain,heart;
D:
lung,brain），这样在原文中找到相应的答案相关句：
Peoplehavelearned,however,thatthebodydoesnotdieimmediatelywhentheheartstopsbeating.Theydiscoveredthatweremainaliveaslongasourbrainremainsactive.（划线句的内容C一致）Todaythedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathisnotaseasytoseeasinthepast.Modernmedicaldevicescankeeptheheartbeatingandthelungsbreathinglongafterthebrainstops.（划线句的内容与A和D一致）
3、Whenapersonshouldbeconsiderdeadiscurrentlyamatter
whichhascausedheatedargumentintheUS.
whichfewpeopleintheUScaremuchabout.
whichonlydoctorscansettle.
whichhasalreadybeensettled.
分析：
问题说“一个人什么时候应该被认为是死亡了在现在是一个…的问题”。
被选项在问题句中充当定语。
利用题干中的核心结构（Whenapersonshouldbeconsidereddead）和特征结构/时间状语（currently）作为答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
ThisquestionhascausedmuchdebateamongcitizensintheUnitedStates.Manyofthemwant...Apersonshouldbeconsidereddeadwhen...Suchalaw..划线句说“美国公民对此进行了大量的讨论”，显然这个内容与A的内容一致。
4、Thebraincontrolstheotherbodyactivitiesthrough
medicaldevices.
smallelectrodes.
thebrainwaves.
thenervecells.
D
首先借助常识排除A和B。
再利用题干中的新信息词braincontrols做为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句：
Thebrainismadeofthousandsofmillionsofnervecells.Thesecellssendandreceivemillionsofchemicalandelectricalmessageseveryday.Inthiswaythebraincontrolstheotherbodyactivities.划线句说“以这样的方式大脑控制着其他身体活动”，根据代词前指的原则，关注前面句子的内容，前面句子中反复提到“神经细胞”，因此神经细胞是前面句子的主题内容，因此可以“避重就轻”直接借助神经细胞这个词判断，D是答案。
5、Moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoaccepttheideathatapersonisdead
whentheheartstopsbeating.
whenthebrainbecomeslessactive.
whendoctorsstopmedicaltreatment.
whenthebrainstopsworking
该题可借助常识直接判断答案D。
如果借助原文：
利用题干中的特征结构（涉及修饰词）Moreandmorepeople作为答案线索，这样找到直接答案相关句：
Althoughtherearepeoplewhoopposetheideaofalawonbrainblockforvariousreasons,theideaofbrainwaveactivityasatestofdeathisslowlybeingaccepted.该句说“用脑电波的活动来作为鉴别是否死亡的标准正在慢慢地被接受”，显然这个被动句中隐含的“接受”这个动作的执行者就是“人们”，因此判断D是答案。
6、第2篇EarlyorLaterDayCare
TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"
attachment"
periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'
spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'
sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone---farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencardedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'
sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.ButBowlby'
sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.
WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?
Thefirstthreeyearsofone'
slifeisextremelyimportanttothelaterdevelopmentofpersonality.
Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.
Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositiveeffectofdaycareforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.
Childrenunderthreegetusedtothelifeatnurseryschoolsmorereadilythanchildrenoverthree.
C
问题问“Bowlby将会支持下面哪种说法？
”文章开头就直接给出了Bowlby的观点：
TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"
spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.该句内容说“英国的心理分析学家Bowlby认为孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是个敏感的“依恋”阶段，这个阶段的孩子如果与父母分开可能会对孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后可能会出现情感方面的问题”，因此判断C是答案。
7、WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby'
swork?
Daycarewouldnotbesopopularifithasnoticeablenegativeeffectsonachild'
spersonality.
Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild'
sdevelopment.
Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhaveemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.
Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersuntiltheyarethreeyearsorolder.
问题问“下面哪一项是可以从Bowlby的工作中得出的结论？
”因此我们关注文章中在内容上涉及到“结论/总结”的句子，这样在文章第一段第2句找到答案相关句：
SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'
sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.该句说“一些人从Bowlby的研究得出结论：
日托会导致父母和孩子分开，所以孩子在三岁以前不应该送日托。
”，因此A是答案。
8、Itissuggestedthatmodemsocietiesdifferfromtraditionalsocietiesinthat
Motherbringsupchildrenwiththehelpofherhusbandintraditionalsocieties.
Achildmoreoftengrowsupwithhis/herbrothersorsistersintraditionalsocieties.
Theparents-childrelationshipismoreexclusiveinmodemsocieties.
Childreninmodemsocietiesaremorelikelytodevelopmentalillnessinlateryears.
问题问“文章暗示现在社会和传统社会在什么方面不相同？
”利用题干中出现的特征词“modernsociety”和“traditionalsociety”作为答案线索，这样在第2段第1句中找到答案相关句，该句说“人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间“绝缘的”爱的关系（父母与孩子之间的爱被隔离）在传统社会中一般不存在”，因此判断A（父母和孩子的关系在现在社会中很exclusive（独特的））是答案。
9、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTanargumentagainstBowlby'
stheory?
Manystudiesshowthatdaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren'
Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.
Separationfromparentsforveryyoungchildreniscommoninsometraditionalsocieties.
Daycareissafe,otherwisetherewouldn'
tbesomanynurseryschools.
问题问“下面哪个说法不是用来反驳Bowlby的论据？
”，因此注意文章中表示“反对/反驳”的字眼，这样发现第一段的结尾处说“有一些论据反对这个看起来很有说服力的结论”，然后接着在第2段中列出了三条论据来反对Bowlby的理论。
这三条理论分别对应C，B和A。
因此D是答案。
10、Whichofthefollowingbestex
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