本科毕业设计浅议提高英语阅读速度的方法Word文件下载.docx

本科毕业设计浅议提高英语阅读速度的方法Word文件下载.docx

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Keywords:

readingspeed;

solutions;

thoughtunit;

eye-stop;

timedreading

中文摘要

阅读是我们日常生活中获取知识的直接来源。

随着信息时代的到来，生活节奏的加快，阅读的压力变得越来越大。

如何在有限的时间内有效地、快速地获取有用的信息？

本文作者认为要想解决这个问题，必须要提高阅读速度。

而提高阅读速度必须掌握如下技巧：

成组视读，即视线每停留一次可看到具有逻辑意义的一组单词；

略读法，重点在于找出一个段落的中心思想；

寻读法，目的主要是有目标地找出文中某些特定的信息；

扩大视线范围，就是在原来的基础上，每次视线停留都尽量多地阅读单词。

此外，还有其他技巧，如定时阅读和选择简单有趣的阅读材料。

关键词：

阅读速度；

方法；

成组视读；

视线停留；

定时阅读

1.Introduction

Thisageisaneraofknowledgeexplosion.Andnow,duringthenewSpaceandComputerAge,peopleareexperiencinganInformationRevolution.（于大雨,2004:

1）Lastcentury,theknowledgeoftheworlddoubleseveryfiveyears.Now,itdoublesmuchfastermorethanpeoplecanimagine.Insuchasituation,peopleneedtoknowmoreabouttheworld.Meanwhile,mendonothaveenoughtimetoreadinformationoneafteranother.Fastreadingbecomesanecessaryskillnowadays.Asitisknowntoall,theamountofinformationpeoplegetdirectlyrelatestotheamounttheyread.Therefore,peoplearesupposedtoreadmoreandtoknowmore.Theonlywaytoachievethisgoalistoimprovethereadingspeed.Forthisreason,readershavetoobtaintheabilityofspeedreading.

Dividedbyreadingspeed,therearethreekindsofreaders:

slowreader,betterreaderandgoodreader.Slowreaders,asitiscalled,usuallydislikereadingandspendsolittletimeinreadingthattheyneverpracticeenoughtoimprove.Ontheotherhand,betterreadersusuallyreadagreatdealandareconstantlyimprovingtheirreadingskills.Thus,thosewhoaregoodreadersgetbetterwhereasthosewhoaren’t,don’t.（于大雨,2004:

1）

2.TheImportanceofSpeedReadinginModernSociety

Theabilityofreadingmeanstheabilityofintensivereadingandextensivereading.Nearly80%oftheknowledgepeopleacquiredarethroughreading,becausereadingisoneoftheeasiestandcheapestandfastestmethodsofgettinginformation.

Books,newspapersandeventelevisionarethemajorsourceswhichpeoplegetinformationfrom.Butnowadays,peoplecanuseelectronicmaterials.Theinternetopensanotherwindowfortheyoungergeneration.Then,itcomesaseriousproblem:

Howcanwegetwhatwewantfromsuchgreatamountofinformation?

Definitely,whatpeopleconcernmostisthereadingspeed.Withtherapidadvancementofallkindsofinformationthatwehavetoacquireeveryday,itisamustforustohaveeffectivereadinghabitsandskillstodigestthem.

2.1Definitionofspeedreading

SpeedReading,alsonamedRapidReadingorFastReading,justasthenameimplies,meanswereadthematerialactivelyandefficientlyinafastspeed.Otherexplanationisthatspeedreadingisacollectionofreadingmethodswhichattempttoincreaseratesofreadingwithoutgreatlyreducingcomprehension.

Tosumup,itisawayinwhichwereadthematerialefficientlyinacertaintimeforsomepurposes,andtoacquiresomeusefulinformation.Itrequiresreadertomasterfastreadingskills,haveanoutstandingbasicknowledge,agoodstrongvocabularyandculturalbackgroundknowledge.（张学忠主编,2004:

9）

2.2Differencesbetweenspeedreadingandslowreading

Whatarethedifferencesbetweenspeedreadingandslowreading?

Whydoweneedtohavetheabilityofspeedreading?

Whatarethestrongpointsofspeedreading?

Thedifferencesareasfollowed:

Firstofall,readingstyleisdifferent.

Readingcanbedividedintotwotypes:

slowreadingandfastreading.Readersusebothatdifferenttimesdependingondifferentpurposes.Slowreadingisamethodwereadwordbyword.Wenotethestructureofthematerialandthewaywordsareusedsothatwecan,inturn,usethestructures,words,andphrasedinourownwriting.（于大雨,2004:

7）However,slowreadingisnotrapidandfluentreading.Onthecontrary,fastreadingisthatwereadmaterialsingroupsofafewwordsthathavemeaning,thengoforhalf-linesasourperipheralvisionexpands,thentowholelines,etc.（Dr.JayC.Polmar,2003:

21）Thepurposeofreadingisnottolearnnewstructuresortoanalyzeeverywordandphrase,butrathertounderstandasquicklyaspossibletheideasbeingcommunicated.（于大雨,2004:

7）Whilereadersareusingfastreading,theydonotneedtoconsultthedictionaryforthosedifficultwordsorphrases.Whatreadersneedtodoisjustreadonandonforthegeneralidea.Inthismethod,readercanreceivemessagesrapidly.

Second,thedegreeofeye-braincoordinatedisdifferent.

Humanbrainisthemostcomplicatedorganintheworld.Sodotheprogressofthinking.Afterdecadesofscientificresearch,peoplecometounderstandthatthethinkingprogressisveryrapidandcomplicated.Slowreadingfailstodoit.Itcannotprovideenoughmessagesforthebrainrapidly.Asamatteroffact,wordswillbetransformedintosoundsinhearingnervecenter,andsoundcanonlybetransmittedtothebrainoneafteranother.Limitedbythethinkingprogressofslowreading,eye-braincannotcoordinatewitheachothereffectively.Thatiswhythespeedofreadingcannotbeimproved.

Unlikeslowreading,anotherfacetofspeedreadingisthateidetic（orphotographic）memory,orauditory（taperecorder）memoryoftenoccurs.ThomasDeQuincyoncesaid:

“Ifeelassuredthatthereisnosuchthingasultimateforgetting;

tracesonceimpresseduponthememoryareindestructible.”Humanshavethepotentialtoremembereverythingthey’veeverseen,read,orheard,eveniftheyweren’tpayingfullattention.“Yourbrainandmind,whichislikeacomputer,storeallmemories.”SaidbyDr.JayC.Polmarwhoisaretiredtherapist,authorandlecturer.（2003:

14）That’sthemainreasonwhythoserelatedscientistsadvocatethiseffectivereadingmethod.Humanbrainhastheabilitytoabsorbthousandsofbitsofinformationperminute.Manyyearsago,researchersindicatedthat50,000unitsperminutewasaboutthemaximumratethebraincanassimilateinformation.（Dr.JayC.Polmar,2004:

12）

Third,readingcomprehensionandmemorizationisdifferent.

Foryears,peoplemistakenlythinkthatunderstandingisthebestmethodofreading.Actually,peoplemisunderstandthemeaningofcomprehensionandmemorization.Intensivereadingdoesgoodforcomprehension,butitgoesagainstreader’smemory.

Asstatedabove,photographicmemoryoftenoccursinspeedreading.Therateofprovidingmessagesandprocessingmessagesapproaches,whichcancoordinatemucheasier.Itispossiblethatwecandigestagreatamountofmaterials.Foraskillfulspeedreader,thecomprehensionoftheprovidedarticleisquitecomprehensive.Therefore,speedreadingisgoodforreader’smemory.

Tosumup,speedreadingisaneffectivereadingmethod.Ithelpsreadertosavevisionandbrainwork,matchestheconditionofhuman’sthinkingprogressanddoesgoodformemorization.

2.3Therewardsofspeedreading

Reading,asamajormethodofgettinginformation,isabasicabilitywhichstudentsshouldobtain.Afterknowingwhatspeedreadingis,weshouldthenfindoutthestrongpointsofspeedreading.Whatcanwebenefitfromspeedreading?

2.3.1Improvereadingcomprehension

Manyreadersconcernthemselveswithcomprehension.Dr.JayC.Polmardescribedcomprehensionas:

comprehensionisactuallybaseduponthespeedandaccuracyofbrainandmindfunctions.Asweaccesshigherandhighernumbersofwordsperminute,ourbrainmatchesourneweyespeedswithgreatercomprehension.（2003:

57）Developinggoodreadingorspeedreadingcomprehension（orunderstanding）reallymeansdevelopinggreatthinkingabilities,logic,reason,andcreativeimagination.（Dr.JayC.Polmar,2004:

168）Whenwelearntoreadnoticeablyfaster,wewillbetterunderstandthemeaningofwhatyouread—bothobjectivelyandsubjectively.（WadeE.Cutler,2004:

37）Whenindividualslearntoreadfaster,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofwhattheyread.

2.3.2Accesslong-termmemory

Thehumanbrainisafantasticcomputerinaphysicalbody.Thecapacityofthehumanbrainisenormous.Speedreading,duetothebrainormindandacceleratedreadingmethodsusedindailypractice,meansthatwhatreadersreadwillbestoredinlong-termmemoryforlaterrecall.Peoplethinkthisisamplifiedbyintensifiedfocususedinspeedreading.Focuscausesthestatesofconsciousnesstobealtered,therebyaccessinglong-termmemory.（Dr.JayC.Polmar,2003:

13-14）

2.3.3Savetime

Comparedwithslowreader,fastreadercansavealotoftime.Thatisbecausethereadingspeedoffastreaderismuchfasterthanthatofslowreader.Canreaderimaginewhatwillhappenwhentheydoubleortripletheirreadingspeed?

Peoplewillbesurprisedtoknowthattheymaybeabletogetmuchmoredoneinthesameamountoftime!

Thefasteronecanread,themoretimeonecansave.

2.3.4Reducefatigue

Ifapersonreadsattherateof200wordsperminute,ittakesapproximatelyeightandahalfhourstor