新概念英语第三册Lesson5 The.docx
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新概念英语第三册Lesson5The
新概念英语第三册Lesson5The facts知识讲解
【重难点】
1、本课书重点词汇学习及扩充
2、本课书重点句型讲解
3、词汇辨析:
take、spend、cost、pay
4、倒装句、过去完成时的用法
【教学目标】
1、掌握本课书重点词汇及句型
2、学会简单的倒装句、过去完成时的用法
【教学过程】
1、【生词、短语学习】
editorn.编辑
chiefeditor=editorinchief主编
editvt.编辑
--editmagazine,editnewspaper
editionn.编辑、版本
newedition新版本、specialedition专刊、
limitededition限量版、revisededition修订版
editorialadj.编辑的,主编的n.社论,评论
aneditionof………的版本
extremen.极端
go to extreme(s) to do…做某事走极端
--He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
--He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
go from one extreme to the other从一个极端走向另一个极端
adj.极端的、极度的、尽头的
extremelyadv.非常、极其、极端地
Eg:
1.因为曾经受过不公平对待,他现在经常走极端做很多事情。
2.用这种方法解决那个问题是极其明智的(wise)。
statisticsn.统计数字
journalistn.新闻记者(特指“杂志记者”、“新闻记者”
reportern.(电视台)记者(泛指)
correspondentn.(电台)记者,通讯员(特指“随军记者”或“驻外记者”)
presidentn.总统、主席
presidentialadj.总统的、首长的
presidentialelection总统选举
presidentialcandidate总统候选人
presidentialpalace总统府颐和园
presidentialsystem总统制
palacen.王宫;宏伟的住宅
imperialpalace皇城、皇宫
BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫(英国的王宫)
PotalaPalace布达拉宫
颐和园
水晶宫
故宫博物馆
publishv.出版、发表=print(vt.),go to press(vi.)
--The book has already been published.=The book has already been printed.
--The book has gone to press.
--They have already published the magazine.
publishmentn.发表、出版
faxn.传真(--send a fax)
impatientadj.不耐烦的
patience(n.耐性)patient(adj.有耐心的)patiently(adv.有耐心地)
impatience(n.不耐烦)impatient(adj.不耐烦的)impatiently(adv.不耐烦地)
Eg:
她耐心地照顾生病的奶奶。
(用两种方法)
firev.解雇(口语)
--He was fired from his job
dismissvt.解雇(正式)
--The manager(经理) dismissed him from his company.
sackvt.解雇,辞退(俚语,口语)
--If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
originallyadv.起初,原先,从前
original adj.最初的,原始的
originn.起源、源头、开端、出身
originoflife生命的起源
placeoforigin原产地
countryoforigin原产国
certificateoforigin原产地证书
pointoforigin原点、起火点、起始点
beof+地点、国家+origin来源于……
Eg:
1.世界上大部分的武器(weapon)都来源于俄罗斯、中国和西方国家。
2.人们相信玉米的原产地是墨西哥。
3.长江的源头是唐古拉山。
2、【课文学习】
What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics?
consequencen.结果
insistencen.坚持,坚决主张
insistV.坚持、主张、强调
insistondoingsth坚持、强调、主张做某事
=insistthat+句子
Eg:
1.他坚持说我们应该执行这个计划。
(用两种方法)
2.他的主张是每个人都贡献一点力量。
1.Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with
unimportant facts and statistics.
go to extremes走极端
provide=supply给...提供(通常与介词搭配连用)
provide sbwith sth/provide sth for sb
Eg:
1.He provided them with a bed for the night.=He provided a bed for them for the night
2.有人给我提供了帮助,所以我很快解决了这个问题。
2.Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on
the president's palace in a new African republic.
本句=A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace
in anew African republic.
Africann.非洲人adj.非洲的
republicn.共和国,共和政体
thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国
instructvt.教,教导,命令,指示,通知
instruct sbto do sth.=tell sb formally to do sth正式告诉某人做某事
=ordersbtodosth
instructionn.教导、命令、指示、用法说明
workinginstruction操作说明书、工作细则
Eg:
1.The teacher instructed him to take the examination.
2.根据工作细则,这个公司的员工每天需要工作8小时。
3.我不知道该怎么打开这个机器,因为我把使用说明弄丢了。
on=about
Eg:
a book on radio一本关于收音机的书
amagazineontheoriginoflife一本关于生命起源的书
3.When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it.
When the article arrived=When the editor received the article
refusevt.拒绝(态度严厉)
--Iinvitedhimtodinner,butherefusedme.
refusetodosth拒绝做某事
refusesth拒绝某物
declinevt.婉言谢绝、婉拒
Eg:
1.那位官员是个清廉的人,他拒绝了一切别人送来的礼物。
2.因为有重要事情要做,她婉拒和我一起去音乐会。
4.The article began:
'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's
palace'.
which 指代the high wall
surroundV.包围、环绕
surroundedby被……包围
surroundingadj.周围的
Eg:
1.这座房子四周都是树木。
2.周围的环境很糟糕,他不得不另寻实验地点。
(用复合句表达)
5.The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing himto find out the exact number of
steps and the height of the wall.
instructing(现在分词作语)进一步补充说明fax的情况
Eg:
Hesentmealetterinstructingmetocomebackimmediately.
6.The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time
to send them.
set out to do = decide and try to do决定,打算,着手做...
=set about doing决定,打算,着手做...
--He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
take sba long time to do sth某事花了某人很久的时间
--It took me five days to write the article.
词汇辨析:
take、spend、cost、pay
共同点:
以上四个单词都有“花费”的意思
不同点:
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
(1)Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。
例:
Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doingsth.takessb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例:
Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车。
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
(1)spendtime/moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱)。
例:
Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。
例:
Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买……。
例:
Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:
(1)sth.costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例:
Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例:
Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:
cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
pay的基本用法是:
(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买……。
例:
Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)payforsth.付……的钱。
例:
Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)payforsb.替某人付钱。
例:
Don’tworry!
I'llpayforyou.别担心,我会给你付钱的。
(4)paysb.付钱给某人。
例:
Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)paymoneyback还钱。
例:
MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?
I'llpayitbacknextweek.
你能借给我12块钱吗?
下周还你。
(6)payoffone'smoney还清钱。
即学即用:
1.这件外套花费了我100元。
(用4种不同的表达方式)
2. They spend too much time the report
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing!
They must be expensive.
--No,they only l0 yuan.
A.spent B.took C.paid D.Cost
4. --Will you please for my dinner Peter?
--Sure!
A.spend B. pay C. cost D.take
5. It will me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost C. spend D.pay
6.This science book ____ me a great amount of money.
A. took B. cost C. used D. spent
7.Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go topress.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
two more faxes=another two faxes
数字+more+名词(es)=another+数字+名词(es)再……个……
Eg:
Thecakeisdelicious,mayIhaveonemore?
=Thecakeisdelicious,mayIhaveanotherone?
再一次成功,可能意味着多年的努力。
结构:
动词+no+名词=not+动词+any+名词
Eg:
1.Anyoneherecannotgetany.在这里,没人能获得特权。
=Anyoneherecangetno.
=Nobodyherecangetany.
2.他已经付出了很大的努力,但最后一无所获。
(用两种方法)
8.He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be
Fired.
anotherfax=onemorefax
if引导的条件句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;句中的条件句受到前面过去式的谓语动词sent的影响,主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时。
Eg:
1.Ifyouworkhard,youcanpasstheexameasily.
2.Myfathersaidifitdidn’trainthatweekend,wewouldgotraveling.
3.那天校长说,如果三分之二以上的学生同意,校运会将如期举行。
9.When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it
had originally been written.
reluctantly=unwillinglyadv.勉勉强强地,、不情愿地
dosthreluctantly=dosthunwillingly不情愿地做了某事
reluctant=unwillingadj.勉强的、不愿意的
bereluctanttodosth=beunwillingtodosth不愿意做某事
reluctancen.勉强、不情愿
dosthwithreluctance不情愿地做了某事
Eg:
1.他不情不愿地参加了活动。
(用两种方法)
2.如果你不愿意做那件事,你也可以帮忙写邀请信。
as it had originally been written=asithadbeenwrittenin its original way
10.A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
本句=The poor man had not only been arrested,but had been sent to prison as well.
not only…butalso…引导两个并列的句子时,必须采用部分倒装形式,notonly引导的句子要倒装,而butalso引导的句子不需倒装。
not only…butalso…引导两个并列的词或短语时,前后两个句子都不需倒装,谓语动词的单复数由butalso后面的主语决定。
Eg:
1.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreluctanttoworkinsuchapoorcity.
2.NotonlyhasTombeentotheUSA,butalsobehasbeentoAustralia.
11.However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the
he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which
surrounded the president's palace.
he had at last been allowed
=he had at last been permitted
=he had asked for permission
请求被允许做某事:
be allowed to do,be permitted to do,askfor permission to do sth
permitv.许可,允许,准许permissionn.许可,允许
in which --which指代fax
while和现在分词搭配,做时间状语,表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
--可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
--Whilecounting…=while he was counting…
现在分词做定语:
--the steps leading to the president's palace通向王宫的台阶。
--the road leading to the forest通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot做前置定语,充当形容词的作用,这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which引导的定语从句修饰wall,which指代wall。
--wallwhichsurrounded…(=wallsurrounding…)
⏹为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrounding.
3、【语法点学习】
(一)倒装:
(部分倒装)
1、否定副词位于句首,要倒装。
never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,no sooner
scarcelyadv.几乎不,简直没有
nowhereadv.无处,到处都无
Eg:
1.Never have I read such stories.我从来也没读过这样的小说。
2.Nowhere can he find the book he wants.无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
3.Hardly did