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global value chains and professional networksto analyze four of the most dynamic industries.docx

globalvaluechainsandprofessionalnetworkstoanalyzefourofthemostdynamicindustries

AbundantmagmaticzircondetrituswithconcordantU–PbGrenvillianandPan-Africanages,togetherwithaccompanyingvariousεHf（t）values,indicateanexoticprovenanceforthequartzareniteexternaltotheSouthChinablock.QualitativecomparisonsofagespectraforthelateNeoproterozoicsedimentsoftheCathaysianBlock,earlyPaleozoicsedimentsofpre-riftTethyanHimalayasequenceinNorthIndiaandlowerPaleozoicsandstonefromthePerthBasininWestAustralia,showthattheyallhavetwothelargestageclustersrepresentingGrenvillianandPan-Africanorogenicepisodes.TheresemblanceoftheseagespectraandzircontypologysuggeststhatthemostlikelysourcefortheLowerDevonianquartzarenitesoftheSouthChinablockwastheEastAfricanOrogenandKuungaOrogenfortheirearlyGrenvillianandPan-Africanpopulations,whereastheHannan–Panxiarc,Jiangnanorogen,andtheYangtzeblockbasementsmighthavecontributedtothedetritalzircongrainsoftheNeoproterozoicandPre-Grenvillianages.HfisotopicdataindicatethatthecrustalevolutionofthedrainageareamatcheswellwiththeepisodiccrustgenerationofGondwana.TheseresultsimplythatthepreviouslysuggestedpositionoftheSCBinGondwanashouldbere-evaluated,andtheSouthChinablockshouldbelinkedwithNorthIndiaandWestAustraliaasapartofEastGondwanaduringtheassemblyofGondwana,ratherthanadiscretecontinentblockinthepaleo-Pacific.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Geologicalbackground

3.Analyticalmethods

3.1.U–Pbdating

3.2.Lu–Hfisotopeanalysis

4.Results

4.1.ZirconU–Pbgeochronology

4.2.Hfisotopegeochemistry

5.Discussion

5.1.Sourcesofdetritalzircons

5.2.PositionoftheSBC

6.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

AppendixA.Supplementarydata

References

CatchingupTrajectoriesintheWineSector:

AComparativeStudyofChile,Italy,andSouthAfrica OriginalResearchArticle

WorldDevelopment,Volume38,Issue11,November2010,Pages1588-1602

LuciaCusmano,AndreaMorrison,RobertaRabellotti

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Summary

Fromadevelopmentperspectiveaninvestigationofthechangesthathaveoccurredinthewineindustryisofparticularinterestbecauseitprovidesevidenceonhowemergingeconomieshavebeenabletoacquiresignificantsharesoftheinternationalmarketinadynamicsector.Basedonnovelempiricalevidence,thispapershowsthatemergingcountrieswithdiverseinstitutionalmodelsandinnovationstrategieshaveactivelyparticipatedintheprocessoftechnologicalmodernizationandproductstandardization.Thesenewcomersinthewinesectorhaverespondedparticularlyeffectivelytochangesindemand,aligningemergingscientificapproacheswithinstitutionalbuildingeffortsandsuccessfulmarketingstrategies.

ArticleOutline

1.INTRODUCTION

2.THECONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK

（a）.CatchingupandtheSectoralSystemofInnovationframework

（b）.Thesectoralsystemapproach

3.THEUPSURGEOFTHENEWWORLDINTHEINTERNATIONALWINEMARKET

4.THECOMPARATIVEANALYSIS

（a）.Somebackgroundinformation

（b）.Sourcesofinformationanddata

5.THEFOURDIMENSIONSOFTHEWINESECTORALSYSTEM

（a）.Demand

（b）.Knowledgebaseandinnovation

（i）.Scienceandresearchers

（ii）.Innovationandfirms

（c）.Actorsandnetworks

（d）.Theinstitutionalframework

6.CONCLUSIONS

Acknowledgements

AppendixA

References

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TheimportanceofdrywoodlandsandforestsinrurallivelihoodsandpovertyalleviationinSouthAfrica ReviewArticle

ForestPolicyandEconomics,Volume9,Issue5,January2007,Pages558-577

CharlieM.Shackleton,SheonaE.Shackleton,ErikBuiten,NeilBird

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Abstract

Indigenousforestsandsavannas,alongwithplantationforests,offernumerousbenefitstoruralcommunitiesandsocietyatlarge.Yet,theroleofforestsandforestryincontributingtosustainablelivelihoodsandpovertyalleviationarewidelydebated.However,muchofthedebatepertainstolessonsfromthehumidtropics,withlittleconsiderationofthewidespreaddryforestsandsavannas.Thispaperconsiderstheroleofdryforesttypes,includingsavannas,usingSouthAfricaasacaseexample.Itconcludesthatalargeproportionofthepopulationmakesuseofforestsandtheresourcesfromthem.Thesearevitalcomponentsoflocallivelihoods,whichprobablypreventpeoplefromslippingintodeeperpoverty.Moreover,forameasurableproportion,engagementininformalforestactivities,aswellastheformalforestrysector,hasresultedinthembeingabletomoveoutofpoverty.Additionally,thegenerallydrynatureofforestsinSouthAfrica,coupledwiththehighunemploymentrate,limittheextentofalternativelocallybasedlivelihoodoptions,therebymagnifyingthecontributionsfromforestsandforestproducts.ThedepressingeffectsofwidespreadHIV/AIDSonlabouravailability,economicactivitiesandlivelihoodshasexacerbatedpeoples'dependenceonforestproducts.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Terminology

3.Thecontributionofforeststorurallivelihoods:

anoverviewofinternationalperspectives

4.AprofileofruralpovertyinSouthAfrica

5.AprofileoftheforestresourceinSouthAfrica

6.ThecontributionofforeststorurallivelihoodsinSouthAfrica

6.1.Benefitsstreamswithintotallivelihoods

6.2.Subsistencegoods

6.2.1.Supplyofbasicneeds

6.2.2.Cashsaving

6.2.3.Safety-netfunctionsofforestgoods

6.3.Small-scaletradeinforestgoodsandforestproductenterprises

6.3.1.Incomefromtradeinforestgoods

6.3.2.Otherbenefitsfromtradeinforestgoods

6.4.Formalsectorforestactivities

6.4.1.Tourismenterprises

6.4.2.Forestproductsindustries

6.4.3.Benefitsfromemployment

6.5.Culturalandspiritualbenefits

7.PeculiaritiesoftheSouthAfricansituation

8.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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Internalisationofexternalcostinthepowergenerationsector:

AnalysiswithGlobalMulti-regionalMARKALmodel OriginalResearchArticle

EnergyPolicy,Volume35,Issue2,February2007,Pages828-843

PeterRafaj,SocratesKypreos

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Abstract

TheGlobalMARKAL-Model（GMM）,amulti-regional“bottom-up”partialequilibriummodeloftheglobalenergysystemwithendogenoustechnologicallearning,isusedtoaddressimpactsofinternalisationofexternalcostsfrompowerproduction.Thismodellingapproachimposesadditionalchargesonelectricitygeneration,whichreflectthecostsofenvironmentalandhealthdamagesfromlocalpollutants（SO2,NOx）andclimatechange,wastes,occupationalhealth,riskofaccidents,noiseandotherburdens.Technologiesallowingabatementofpollutantsemittedfrompowerplantsarerapidlyintroducedintotheenergysystem,forexample,desulphurisation,NOxremoval,andCO2scrubbers.Themodellingresultsindicatesubstantialchangesintheelectricityproductionsysteminfavourofnaturalgascombinedcycle,nuclearpowerandrenewablesinducedbyinternalisationofexternalcostsandalsoefficiencylossduetotheuseofscrubbers.StructuralchangesandfuelswitchingintheelectricitysectorresultinsignificantreductionofemissionsofbothlocalpollutionandCO2overthemodelledtimeperiod.StrongdecarbonisationimpactofinternalisinglocalexternalitiessuggeststhatancillarybenefitscanbeexpectedfrompoliciesdirectlyaddressingotherissuesthenCO2mitigation.Finally,thedetailedanalysisofthetotalgenerationcostofdifferenttechnologiespointsoutthatinclusionofexternalcostinthepriceofelectricityincreasescompetitivenessofnon-fossilgenerationsourcesandfossilpowerplantswithemissioncontrol.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Descriptionofthemodellingframework

3.Externalcostspecification

3.1.TreatmentofexternalcostsinMARKALmodel

4.Scenariosanalysed

5.Results

5.1.Systemchanges

5.1.1.Electricityproduction

5.1.2.Primaryenergyconsumption

5.1.3.Finalenergydemand

5.2.Environmentalimpacts

5.2.1.Emissionsoflocalairpollutants（SO2/NOx）

5.2.2.GlobalCO2emissions

5.3.Costimpacts

5.3.1.Electricitygenerationcostanalysis

5.3.2.Totalsystemcost

6.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

AppendixI.Calculationoftheelectricitygenerationcost

AppendixII.Region-specificexternalcostin¢/kWh

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Matchingplantflexibilityandsupplierflexibility:

LessonsfromsmallsuppliersofU.S.manufacturingplantsinIndia OriginalResearchArticle

JournalofOperationsManagement,Volume25,Issue3,April2007,Pages717-735

BalramAvittathur,PaulSwamidass

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Abstract

Thisisastudyabouttheflexibilityofmanufacturersandtheirsmallsuppliers;asubjectofgrowinginteresttoday（Swafford,P.M.,Ghosh,S.,Murthy,N.,2006.Theantecedentsofsupplychainagilityofafirm:

Scaledevelopmentandmodeltesting,JournalofOperationsManagement24

（2）,170–188.）ThestudyisbasedonempiricaldatacollectedfromU.S.manufacturingplantsoperatinginIndiaandtheirsmallsuppliers.Whileglo

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