英语六级真题及答案第3套.docx

英语六级真题及答案第3套.docx

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英语六级真题及答案第3套

2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofsocialresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）

特别说明：

由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Thepersistenthazeovermanyofourcitiesisareminderofthepollutedairthatwebreathe.Over80%oftheworld’surbanpopulationisbreathingairthatfailstomeetWorldHealthOrganisationguidelines,andanestimated4.5millionpeopledied26fromoutdoorairpollutionin2015.

Globally,urbanpopulationsareexpectedtodoubleinthenext40years,andanextra2billionpeoplewillneednewplacestolive,aswellasservicesandwaystomovearoundtheircities.Whatismoreimportant,thedecisionsthatwemakenowaboutthedesignofourcitieswill27theeverydaylivesandhealthofthecominggenerations.Sowhatwouldasmog-free,oratleastlow-pollution,citybelike?

Traffichasbecome28withairpollution,andmanycountriesintendtobanthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsinthenexttwodecades.Butsimply29toelectriccarswillnotmeanpollution-freecities.Thelevelofemissionstheycausewilldependonhowtheelectricitytorunthemis30,whilebrakes,tyresandroadsallcreatetinyairborne31astheywearout.

Acrossthedevelopedworld,caruseisindeclineasmorepeoplemovetocitycentres,whileyoungpeopleespeciallyare32forothermeansoftravel.Researchersarealreadyaskingifmotorvehicleusehasreachedits33andwilldecline,buttransportplannershaveyettocatchupwiththis34,instead

oflayingnewroadstotackletrafficjams.AsusersofLondon’sorbitalM25motorwaywillknow,newroadsrapidlyfillwithmoretraffic.IntheUS,studieshaveshownthatdoublingthesizeofaroadcan35doublethetraffic,takingusbacktothestartingpoint.

A）alternate

B）crown

C）determine

D）generated

E）locating

F）merged

G）miniatures

H）opting

I）particles

J）peak

K）prematurely

L）simply

M）switching

N）synonymous

O）trend

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Howmuchproteindoyoureallyneed?

[A]Themarketingistempting:

Getstrongermusclesandhealthierbodieswithminimaleffortbyaddingproteinpowdertoyourmorningshakeorjuicedrink.Orgrabaproteinbaratlunchorforaquicksnack.Today,youcanfindproteinsupplementseverywhere--onlineoratthepharmacy,grocerystoreorhealthfoodstore.Theycomeinpowders,pillsandbars.Withmorethan＄12billioninsalesthisyear,theindustryisboomingand,accordingtothemarketresearchcompany,GrandViewResearch,isontacktosellbillionsmoreby2025.Butdowereallyneedallthissupplementalprotein?

Itdepends.Therearepros,consandsomeotherthingstoconsider.

[B]Forstarters,proteiniscriticalforeverycellinourbody.Ithelpsbuildnails,hair,bonesandmuscles.Itcanalsohelpyoufeelfullerlongerthaneatingfoodswithoutprotein.And,unlikenutrientsthatarefoundonlyinafewfoods,proteinispresentinallfoods.“ThetypicalAmericandietisalothigherinproteinthanalotofusthink,”saysregistereddietitianAngelaPipitone.It’sinfoodsmanyofusexpect,suchasbeef,chickenandothertypesofmeatanddairy,Butit’salsoinfoodsthatmaynotcomeimmediatelytomindlikevegetables,fruit,beansandgrains.”

[C]TheU.S.government’srecommendeddailyallowance（RDA）fortheaverageadultis50to60gramsofproteinaday.Thismaysoundlikealot,butPipitonesays:

“Wegetbitsofproteinhereandthereandthatreallyaddsupthroughouttheday.”Take,forexample,breakfast.Ifyoueattwoeggstoppedwithalittlebitofcheeseandanorangeontheside,youalreadyhave22gramsofprotein.Eachegggivesyou7grams,thecheesegivesyouabout6gramsandtheorange-about2grams.Addalunchofchicken,riceandbroccoli（西兰花）,andyouarealreadyovertherecommendedS0grams.“YoucangetenoughproteinandmeettheRDAbeforeyouevengettodinner,”saysPipitone.

[D]Soifit’ssoeasytogetyourproteininfood,whyaddmoreintheformofpowders,snackbarsoraboostatyourlocaljuicebar?

Noneedto,saysPipitone,because,infact,mostofusalreadygetenoughproteininourdiet.“Wholefoodsarealwaysthebestoptionratherthanaddingsupplements,”shesays,notingtheFDAdoesnotregulatesupplementsasrigorouslyasfoodsordrugs.Sotherecouldbelessprotein,moresugarandsomeadditivesyouwouldn'texpect,suchascaffeine（咖啡因）.

[E]Ifyouareconsideringasupplement,readthelistofingredients,shesays,althoughthisisnotalwaysreliable.“I’veseenveryexpensiveproteinsupplementsthatclaimtobehighqualitybuttheymightnotreallybebeneficialfortheaveragehealthyadult,”shesays.“Itcouldjustbeawasteofmoney.”

[F]Buttherearecertainsituationsthatdowarrantextraprotein.“Anytimeyou’rerepairingorbuildingmuscle,”Pipitonesays,suchasifyou’reanextremeenduranceathlete,trainingforamarathon,oryou’reabodybuilder.Ifyou’remoderatelyexercisingfor150minutesaweek.astheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecommends,orlessthanthat,you’reprobablynotanextremeathlete.Extremeathletesexpendlotsofenergybreakingdownandrepairingandbuildingmuscles.Proteincangivethemtheedgetheyneedtospeedthatprocess.

[G]Veganscanbenefitfromproteinsupplementssincetheydonoteatanimal-basedproteinsourceslikemeat,dairyoreggs.And,forsomeonealwayson-the-gowhomaynothavetimeforameal,aproteinsnackbarcanbeagoodoptionforoccasionalmealreplacement.Also,individualsrecoveringfromsurgeryoraninjurycanalsobenefitfromextraprotein.So,too,canolderpeople.Ataroundage60,“musclesreallystarttobreakdown,”saysKathrynStarr,anagingresearcher,“andbecauseofthat,theproteinneedsofanolderadultactuallyincrease.”

[H]Infact,alongwithhercollageConnieBales,Starrrecentlyconductedasmallstudythatfoundthataddingextraproteinfoodstothedietofobeseolderindividualswhoweretryingtoloseweightstrengthenedtheirmuscles.Participantsinthestudywereseparatedintotwogroups-onegroupwasaskedtocat30gramsofproteinpermealintheformofwholefoods.Thatmeanttheywereeating90gramsofproteinaday.Theothergroup-thecontrolgroup-wasputonatypicallow-caloriedietwithabout50to60gramsofproteinaday.Aftersixmonths,researchersfoundthehighproteingrouphadsignificantlyimprovedtheirmusclefunction-almosttwiceasmuchasthecontrolgroup.“Theywereabletowalkfaster,hadimprovedbalance,andwerealsoabletogetupoutofachairfasterthanthecontrolgroup,”Starrsays.All67participantswereover60yearsofage,andbothgroupslostaboutthesameamountofweight.

[I]Starrisnowlookingintowhetherhigh-proteindietsalsoimprovethequalityofthemuscleitselfinseniors.She’susingCTscanstomeasuremusclesizeandfat,andcomparingseniorsonahigh-proteindietwiththoseonregulardiets.Shesaysherfindingsshouldbeavailableinacoupleofmonths.

[J]Inthemeantime,70-year-oldCorlissKeith,whowasinthehighproteingroupinStarr’lateststudy,saysshefeelsabigdifference.“Ifeelexcellent,”shesays.“IfeellikeIhaveadifferentbody,Ihavemoreenergy,I’mstronger.”ShesayssheisabletotakeZumbaexerciseclassesthreetimesaweek,workoutonthetreadmill（跑步机）,andtakelong,briskwalks.Keithalsolostmorethan15pounds.“I’mafashionableperson,sonowI’mbackinmy3-inchheels,”shesays.

[K]Aspeopleage,Starrsaysmusclestrengthiskeytohelpingthemstaystrongandcontinuelivingontheirownintheirownhome.“Ifeelverymuchalivenow,”saysKeith.IfeellikeIcouldstaybymyselfuntilI’m100.”

[L]Butcanpeopleoverdoprotein?

Pipitonesaysyoudohavetobecareful.Otherresearcherssaytoomuchproteincancausecramps（痉挛）,headaches,andfatigue.Dehydration（脱水）isalsoariskwhenyoueattoomuchprotein.Pipitonesaysifyouincreaseprotein,youalsohavetoincreaseyourfluidintake.“Ialwaystellpeopletomakesurethey’redrinkingenoughfluids,”whichfortheaveragepersonis60to70ouncesaday,whichtranslatesintoeight8-ounceglassesofwaterorliquidperday.

[M]Therehavebeensomeindicationsthatextraproteinmakesthekidneysworkharder,whichcouldbeproblematicforindividualswithahistoryofkidneydiseaseandforthem,thesupplementsmayincreasetheriskofkidneystones,shesays.

[N]Bottomline,ifyouthinkyouneedmoreproteininyourdiet,considerthesequestions:

Areyouanextremeathlete;areyourecoveringfrominjuryorsurgery;orareyou60yearsorolder?

I