专题一 细节理解.docx
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专题一细节理解
专题一 细节理解
挖命题
【考情探究】
考点
内容
五年考频统计
2014北京卷
2015北京卷
2016北京卷
2017北京卷
2018北京卷
细节理解
细节理解题要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念,且能理解某句、某段的意义
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分析解读 一篇文章确定主题后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行扩展和支撑,因此很多阅读理解题是根据文章的细节设计的。
细节理解题考查考生对文中的某一特定的表层信息的把握,解题时要将关注点落在“理解”二字上,不能仅通过获取关键词解决问题,再简单的题都要建立在“理解细节”的基础上。
纵观近五年的高考题可以看出对细节理解方面的考查所占比例一直维持在50%上下,但考查难度稍有增加,具体表现在:
①考生可能需要在不同段落搜集有效信息;②题干信息或选项信息与原文信息表达方式不一致;③考生有时需要将若干个信息点进行综合理解甚至是浅层地推理判断才能得出答案。
过专题
【五年高考】
A组 自主命题·北京卷题组
Passage1(2018北京,B)词数:
284
FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center
Ifyourelookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.
Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhattheyrestudyingintheclassroom.
Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueofa“downed”pilot.
Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.
Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.
Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!
Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.
1.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?
A.Toexperienceadventures.
B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.
C.Togetadegreeinengineering.
D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.
2.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto .
A.flytospace
B.getanAviationbadgefirst
C.studytheprinciplesofflight
D.buildandfiremodelrockets
3.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?
A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit.
C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.
答案
1.A
2.D
3.B
Passage2(2017北京,B)词数:
184
Inspiringyoungminds!
TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildrenspublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.
WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWMagazine?
Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy(哲学)—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.
Whatsinside?
Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.
Soundstoogoodtobetrue?
Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.
HappyBirthdayAllYear!
Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?
Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.
SUBSCRIBENOW
□AnnualSubscription
Europe£55 RestofWorld£65
□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack
IncludesaMammothMap,aPassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscription
Europe£60 RestofWorld£70
RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.
1.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?
A.Itentertainsyoungparents.
B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.
C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.
D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.
2.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?
A.Onlinecourses.
B.Articlesonnewtopics.
C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.
D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.
3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?
A.£55. B.£60. C.£65. D.£70.
4.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget .
A.freebirthdaypresents
B.fullrefundwithin28days
C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub
D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson
答案
1.D
2.B
3.D
4.B
Passage3(2016北京,A)词数:
316
December15,2014
DearAlfred,
Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.
Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150+at17,Imanythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.
However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.
WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldnt.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.
Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,ImlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourvideos.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.
Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.
Thankyou.YouvegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseImdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.
Thisiswhyyouresavingmylife.
Yours,
Tanis
1.WhydidntTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?
A.Shehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscience.
B.Shehadmoredifficultykeepingfocused.
C.Shepreferredtakingonlinecourses.
D.Shewastooslowtolearn.
2.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tanisprefers .
A.workingbyherself B.dealingwiththepublic
C.competingagainstothers D.stayingwithADHDstudents
3.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto .
A.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputer
B.sharetheideasshehadforherprofession
C.showhowgratefulshewastothecenter
D.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar
答案
1.B
2.A
3.C
Passage4(2015北京,A)词数:
364
TheBoyMadeIt!
OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!
Hedidnthavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.
Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.
Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidnt,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.
Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.
Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldntlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled(蜷缩)inhiscaveandslept.
Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldntfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.
NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforTV.HehadoftenwatchedGryllssurvivalshowManvs.Wild.Thatswherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.Ineachepisode(一期节目)ofManvs.Wild,Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.
WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholasamazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.
1.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?
A.Hegotlost. B.Hebrokehisskis.
C.Hehurthiseyes. D.Hecaughtacold.
2.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?
A.Hefoundashelter.
B.Helightedsomebranches.
C.Hekeptonskiing.
D.Hebuiltasnowcave.
3.OnTuesday,Nicholas .
A.returnedtohissheltersafely
B.wassavedbyasearcher
C.gotstuckinthesnow
D.stayedwherehewas
4.NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe .
A.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituation
B.watchedGryllsTVprogramregularly
C.createdsometipsforsurvival
D.wasveryhard-working
答案
1.A
2.D
3.B
4.A
Passage5(2014北京,A)词数:
308
SeaLifeMelbourneAquarium(水族馆)
The