北师大版初三英语第12讲unit 6 语法篇学生版.docx
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北师大版初三英语第12讲unit6语法篇学生版
Unit6语法篇
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理解并掌握动词不定式的用法
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为:
to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2.动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?
他喜欢做什么运动?
—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
(1).不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式
例如:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.学好英语是有用的。
It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.对于我们来说,保护环境是重要的。
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
例如:
It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。
It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明了。
(2).不定式作宾语
①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
例如:
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
例如:
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(not)do...
例如:
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。
(3).不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
例如:
Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,warn,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:
MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:
一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
例如:
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
(4).不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。
(5).不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
例如:
Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。
Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。
1.Wehope_________theGreatWallnexttime.
A.visitB.tovisitC.willvisitD.visiting
2.Mumalwaystellsus_________waterindailylife.
A.towasteB.nottowasteC.nottosaveD.save
3.---Doyouclimbthemountainseveryday?
---Yes,________alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.
A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget
4.Shewasveryglad_________heroldfriendagain.
A.toseeB.seeingC.sawD.see
5.Hehas________studyhard,buthedidn’tkeepit.
A.promisedB.promisestoC.promisedtoD.promises
6.Thepolicemanwarnedthechildren_________onthebusystreet.
A.don’tplayB.noplayingC.nottoplayD.play
7.Thenewsmadeallofus_____________.
A.feelhappyB.tofeelhappyC.feelinghappyD.felthappy
基础演练
一、单项选择
1.Theteachertoldthechildren_________quietinthemuseum.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
2.Don’tforget________thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.
A.acceptB.toacceptC.sayD.tosay
3.WaterParkisagoodplace________.
A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun
4.Driversshouldn'tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.
A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.driven
5.---Ifeelabithungrynow.
---Whynot_______fordinnerwithus?
A.goB.didyougoC.togoD.doyougo
二、根据句意,用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1.Tom__________________hard.(decide;study)
2.Aliceis_____________________anewcar.(plan;buy)
3.We________________himsomebooksyesterday.(agree;lend)
4.Sheoften_______us________shoppingwithher.(ask;go)
5.Theteacheralways_________thestudents________alotinclass.(make;laugh)
巩固提高
一、根据句意用所给单词的恰当形式填空
1.Sheworkedhard_________(help)alotofpeople.
2.I’msorry___________(hear)thatbadnews.
3.Hewasmade__________(clean)thestreetthreetimesaday.
4.Togiveisbetterthan____________(receive).
5.Icannotfindroom___________(stand)inthebusintherushhour.
二、根据中文提示完成句子
1.河水过去很脏,但是现在很干净。
Theriver_________________dirty.Butit’sverycleannow.
2.他很自豪能成为一名篮球运动员。
Heis________________________________________.
3.他太兴奋了以至于说不出话来。
Hewas_______excited_______________________sayaword.
4.现在城市里越来越多的成年人花费空闲时间到大学去努力提高自己。
Nowmoreandmorecityadults__________________improvethemselvesatcollege.
5.幸运的是,他母亲很耐心,没有放弃帮助他。
_______,hismotherwasvery__________anddidn’t___________________.
6.我们正计划去北京,但还没有决定何时去。
Weare___________Beijing,butwehaven’t__________________________.
7.由于昨晚外面太吵,我们都发现很难入睡。
Becauseitwastoonoiselastnight,weallfound________________________.
8.他在听力方面有障碍。
He____________________________________________________________.
9.多么令人悲伤的消息啊!
数以千计的人在尼泊尔地震中丧生。
__________sadnews!
_____________people____________intheearthquakeinNepal.
10.姚明的人格帮助他赢得了球迷的尊重。
YaoMing’spersonality________him______________________________.
一、单项选择
1.Dickaskedhisbrother__________himtodohishomework.
A.helpsB.helpedC.tohelpD.hashelped
2.Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let’sgoandaskMr.Li.
A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether
3.It’stwelveo’clock.It’stime___________lunch.
A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having
4.Mydadusuallystops______anewspaperonhiswayafterwork.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.boughtD.buy
5.Ourteacheroftentellsus_______enoughsleepeveryday.
A.haveB.hadC.tohaveD.having
6.HewaswearingapairofsunglassesandIdidn’t_______himatfirst.
A.adviseB.promiseC.recognizeD.hear
7.________theteachersintheschoolisonehundred,and________ofthemarewomenteachers.
A.Anumberof;fourfifthB.Thenumberof;fourfifth
C.Anumberof;fourfifthsD.Thenumberof;fourfifths
8.Thankstotherobots,thehumanreportersdonothavetospendalotoftime_______boringnumbersandinformation.
A.processingB.toprocessC.processedD.process
9.Ihope__________thefarmthissummerholiday.
A.visitB.tovisitC.visitingD.visits
10.Thebuilding_________TonytalkedaboutistheCapitalMuseum.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose
二、完形填空
Parentscanbeagreatexamplefortheirchildren.Amanalwaysstandsoutondifferentcornersofourcity.Heholdsasignthat1“Willworkforfoodformyfamily”.2Idon’thavetoomuchmoneytohelphim.Manytimesmymomiswithmeandshemakesmepullover(停车)andshewill3himsomemoney.
Tonight,Iwasonmywaytothestoretoget4whenIsawtheman.Mydaughterandherfriendwerewaitinginthecar.Weallfeltso5thatthismanwasstandingoutinthecold,wetweather.Manypeoplesaythatheshouldbeabletowork.Eitherway,Idon’tfeelitismyplaceto6.AsIwassharingthatfeelingwithmydaughterandherfriend,IdecidedthatIneededto7thisman.ForoneIwantedtoshowthegirlstheimportanceofhelpingothers,andnotworryingwhethertheyweretryinghardornot.
Ibelievethatifheisstandingoutondifferentcornersalldayandnight,8theweatheris,hemustreallyneedthehelp.
So,whenwepulledovertogivehimsomemoney,Isaid,“Godblessyou,”andhesaiditbacktous.Wegothimahotchocolateandahamburgerbecausewewereworriedabouthimbeing9.Hewassosweetandverythankful.
Allofusleftwithsmiles,especiallyme!
Because,aswewerepullingaway,thegirlsweretalkingaboutwaystheycould10moneytohelphimandotherslikehim.ItwasthebesttripIhadevermadetogetmilk!
1.A.writesB.noticesC.readsD.calls
2.A.NormallyB.GraduallyC.CuriouslyD.Luckily
3.A.lendB.handC.promiseD.allow
4.A.chocolateB.hamburgerC.breadD.milk
5.A.comfortableB.dangerousC.awfulD.strange
6.A.parkB.liveC.sitD.judge
7.A.leaveB.helpC.refuseD.teach
8.A.whateverB.howeverC.whereverD.whenever
9.A.helplessB.eagerC.tiredD.cold
10.A.raiseB.borrowC.loseD.waste
_________________________________________________________________________________
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一、单项选择
1.---Haveanicetrip!
---Thanks.I’llcallyouassoonasI______there.
A.willarriveB.wasarrivingC.arriveD.arrived
2.---YourEnglishissogood.
---Thankyou.I_______itsinceIwassixyearsold.
A.learnB.havelearnedC.willlearnD.learned
3.I_________thenewspaperanddidn’tfindanythinginteresting.
A.lookedthroughB.lookedafterC.triedonD.triedout
4.---Whatareyoulookingfor?
---Mycarkey.Idon’tremember______________yesterday.
A.wherewillIputitB.wheredidIputit
C.whereIputitD.whereIwillputit
5.---______Iaskyouaquestion,Mr.Green?
---Yes,please.
A.MustB.ShouldC.NeedD.May
(附:
单选1-5, 北京市西城区2019—2019学年度第一学期期末试卷九年级英语)
二、阅读理解
A
Haveyoueverheardthesaying“Don’trestonyourlaurels”?
“Laurels”meanstheachievements(业绩)youhavealreadygot.Thesayingsuggeststhatyoushouldn’tbesosatisfiedwithyourachievementsthatyou’llnolongertrytoimprove.
Astothissaying,MikePerhamhasset(树立)usagoodexample.MikePerhamwasbornin1992inHertfordshire,England.Mikestartedsailing(航行)atth