推荐学习高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练5.docx

推荐学习高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练5.docx

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推荐学习高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练5

江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（5）

一、设题方式

Thepassageismainlyabout.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

What’sthemainthemeofthepassage?

What’smainlydiscussedinthepassage?

二、干扰项特点

1.断章取义。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2.以偏概全。

干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。

3.主题扩大。

干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。

4.张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。

三、解题指导

解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。

作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：

1.正三角形写作法

主题出现在首句或者首段。

开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。

新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。

大部分说明文也是如此。

例1：

[2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇]

AMENTORING（导师制）programisgivinglifechangingopportunitiestoBanburyyouth.

YoungInspirationswasfoundedtwoyearsagotoprovidementoringsessionsforstudentsandunemployedyoungadultsaged11to21.

AlexGoldberg,theprogram’sfounder,said:

“WesetupYoungInspirationsbecausewewantedtogiveyoungpeopleexperienceswhichwillpotentiallybelifechangingandbroadentheiroutlook.”

…

75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AlexGoldberg,FounderofYoungInspirations

B.YoungPeopleFindaWorldofOpportunity

C.Kieran,BanburySchoolPupiltoParis

D.DebatesHelpYouthwithTheirGrades

解析：

B。

本文的第一句AMENTORING（导师制）programisgivinglifechangingopportunitiestoBanburyyouth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。

由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。

例2：

[2013年重庆卷阅读理解C篇]

Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,however,thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.

…

67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thebeginningofroaddesign.

B.Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.

C.Thehistoryofpublictransport.

D.Theinventionoffast-movingvehicles.

解析：

B。

本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。

再综合后文的内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。

2.倒三角形写作法

主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。

例：

[2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇]

Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.

However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpractising.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.

…

Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpecttoreceiveanyrewards.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteeyouthelevelofsuccessyoumaywant,butitwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomereallygoodatwhateveritisyouputallthatworkinto.

35.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.

B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.

C.Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.

D.Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.

解析：

C。

由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。

最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。

3.菱形写作法

比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案（Type1）。

另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释（Type2）。

常用于Type1的表达：

why,resultin,bringabout,leadto,giveriseto,trigger,cause,affect,haveaneffecton,so…that,sothat…等。

常用于Type2的表达：

resultfrom,because,since,nowthat,liein,becauseof,owingto,thanksto,thereasonfordoingsth.等。

例1：

[2013年天津卷阅读理解C篇]

PoetWilliamStaffordoncesaidthatwearedefinedmorebythedetours（绕行路）inlifethanbythenarrowroadtowardgoals.Ilikethisimage.ButitwasquitebyaccidentthatIdiscoveredthedeepmeaningofhiswords.

…

Someroadtripsarebynecessityfastandstraight.ButthattripwithBanneropenedoureyestoaworldavailabletoanyoneadventurousenoughtowanderaroundandmademerealizethatadetourmayuncoverthebestpartofajourney—andthebestpartofyourself.

50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.CharmoftheDetour

B.TheRoadtoBravery

C.CreativityoutofNecessity

D.RoadTripandCountryLife

解析：

A。

本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。

作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。

detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。

本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。

例2：

[2013年广东卷阅读理解D篇]

WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitor（监控器）afewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.

…

Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.

Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade,theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges,publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield,spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents,whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.

…

45.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.TheAdvantagesofOnlineExams

B.TheHigh-techMethodsinOnlineCourses

C.TheFightagainstCheatinginOnlineEducation

D.TheWaragainsttheBoomingofOnlineEducation

解析：

C。

本文先通过一个具体的事例引出要讨论的话题，文中的Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation和theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”等句点明了本文的主旨内容。

【跟踪训练】

Ⅰ

Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon’tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:

Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn’trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement（机组资源管理）,orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.

IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear（起落架）down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:

Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid,“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow!

”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI’veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.

CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn’toverreact,whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI’mintheoperatingroom,Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey’renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem,somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom“landinggearup”.

•Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.CRM:

ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafe

B.FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctor

C.TheMakingofaGoodPilot

D.APilot-TurnedDoctor

Ⅱ

Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderway.Theenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.

•Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Howtolistenwell.

B.Whattolistento.

C.Benefitsoflistening.

D.Problemsinlistening.

参考答案及解析：

Ⅰ

B。

本文作者采用了倒叙。

第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。

而第一段中的becomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon是文章的中心句。

Ⅱ

A。

本段第一句Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse为关键句，阐明了文章的中心思想，即：

真正的聆听要求专注于说话者。

阅读理解

BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople（ages7-17）withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.

Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married,single,withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors:

someonetotrust,tohavefunwith,totalkandgotowhenneeded.

ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuch