词汇学练习.docx
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词汇学练习
●注意a-,in-,（il-,im-,ir-）,non-,un-等前缀的使用.
“negative”prefixes表示否定意义的前缀
a-amoral与道德无关的,apolitical不关心政治的、无政治意义的
dis-disloyal,disobey，disclose，discredit，discourteous，disregard，disprove,dissimilar,
in-injustice,incorrect,inconsiderate,inconsistent,inaccuracy,
il-illegal,illegalize,
ir-irresistible,irrational,irregular
im-immature,imbalance,impossible,impassive
non-noncontentious,non-classical,nonbusiness,
un-unwrap,unexpected,unfriendly,unfair,unendurable,unfavorable，unreasonable,unremarked
●meaningsofrootsandprefixes
ex-out:
express
post-after:
postgraduate
ante-before:
antecedent
over-beyond:
overwork
mis-bad:
misbehave
pre-before:
prepare
over-excessive:
overweight超重，overflow溢出，overwork，
overleap越过，overrun超过，泛滥
sub-below:
subheading副标题，subdue征服，抑制，
subscribe
en-in:
enclose
in-in:
include
super-abovesuperman
mal-wrongly:
maltreat
ultra-extreme:
ultra-conservative极端保守
anti- against:
anti-nuclear反核武器的, anti-government反政府的,
contra- against :
contraflow 逆流，contradict反驳，否定，与。
。
抵触
counter- against:
counterattack 反击，反攻，counteract抵消，中和，
co- with :
cooperate ,
●
1.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis_____.（A）
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
2.Theformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclassiscalled______.（D）
A.prefixationB.suffixation
C.acronymyD.conversion
3.Peoplechangeword-meaningowingtovarious______motives:
love,respect,courtesy,suspicion,pessimism,sarcasm,irony,contempt,hatred,etc.（A）
A.psychologicalB.social
C.communicativeD.lexical
4.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/s/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______.（B）
A.packsB.bags
C.cheatsD.ships
5.Thedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints____.（D）
（1）aminimalfreeformofalanguage
（2）asoundunity
（3）aunitofmeaning
（4）aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence
A.
（1）and
（2）B.
（1）
（2）and（3）
C.
（2）（3）and（4）D.
（1）
（2）（3）and（4）
6.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.（A）
A.back-formationB.clipping
C.blendingD.suffixation
7.Inanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappearsandisknownas______context.（B）
A.non-linguisticB.linguistic
C.grammaticalD.lexical
C.theWestAsiaD.America
8.Whatisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages?
（D）
A.Suffixation.B.Variation.
C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.
9.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemainfunctionsofverbalcontext?
（D）
A.Eliminationofambiguity.
B.Indicationforreferents.
C.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.
D.Alltheabove.
10.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularycanbedividedintothefollowingparticularhistoricalperiodEXCEPT______.（C）
A.OldEnglishB.MiddleEnglish
C.NewEnglishD.ModernEnglish
11.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis____.（A）
A.morphemeB.affixes
C.rootD.stem
12.Thereis/are______monomorphemicword（s）inthefollowingwords:
hot,dog,feet,matches.（B）
A.1B.2
C.3D.4
13.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough_____.（A）
A.affixationB.clipping
C.compoundingD.shortening
14.Want,wish,likeanddesirearesynonyms,butasfarasintensityisconcerned,______isthestrongestofall.（D）
A.wishB.LikeC.wantD.desire
15.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis_____.（A）
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
16."Fleshandblood"isanidiom______innature.（B）
A.verbalB.nominal
C.adjectivalD.adverbial
17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafigureofspeech?
（D）
A.Metaphor.B.Personification.
C.Euphemism.D.Shortening.
18.Neverdothingsbyhalvesisa（n）______.（C）
A.verbalidiominnatureB.nominalidiominnature
C.sentenceidiomD.adverbialidiominnature
19.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,and______.（A）
A.IndiaB.theFarEast
20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutextra-linguisticcontext?
（A）
A.Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.
B.Itreferstophysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.
C.Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.
D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.
21.Americandictionariesgenerallyuse______tomarkthepronunciation.（D）
A.BritishPhoneticAlphabetB.AmericanPhoneticAlphabet
C.InternationalPhoneticAlphabetD.Webster'sPhoneticAlphabet
22.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______.（C）
A.bedsB.BagsC.cheatsD.bottles
23.Theword"prisoner"comprises______morphemes.（B）
A.1B.2C.3D.4
24.ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT______.（D）
A.rereadB.PrewarC.bloodyD.harder
25.Theprefix"over-"intheword"overweight"isaprefixof______.（B）
A.orientationandattitudeB.degreeorsize
C.timeandorderD.number
26.Usagenotesofthedictionaryexplain______.（D）
A.theslightdifferencebetweenwordsofsimilarmeanings
B.difficultpointsofgrammarandstyle
C.importantBritishandAmericandifferences
D.alltheabove
27.Thesuffixesinwordsheighten,symbolizeare__B______.
A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixes
C.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes
28.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.（A）
A.back-formationB.AcronymyC.conversionD.clipping
29.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto______.（A）
A.grammaticalstructureB.Hyponymy
C.culturalinfluenceD.non-linguisticcontext
30.Therearefivetypesofmeaningchangesandamongwhich______arethemost
common. （D）
A.degradationandelevationB.transferandextension
C.elevationandnarrowingD.extensionandnarrowing
●GivetheAmericanEnglishformofeachword.
示例如下：
1.Dialogue:
dialog2.centre：
center_
参考资料：
1，英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除。
英语拼法
美语拼法
公斤
kilogramme
kilogram
方案
programme
program
catalogue
catalog
对话
dialogue
dialog
序言
prologue
prolog
2，英语中的以-our结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的字母u。
英语拼法
美语拼法
举止、行为
behaviour
behavior
颜色
colour
color
特别喜爱的
favourite
favorite
风味
flavour
flavor
荣誉
honour
honor
劳动
labour
labor
3，英语中以-re结尾，读音为[2]的单词，在美语中改为-er结尾，读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
中心
centre
center
纤维
fibre
fiber
公尺
metre
meter
剧场
theatre
theater
4，英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词，在美语中改为-ense结尾，读音仍为[ns]。
英语拼法
美语拼法
防御
defence
defense
犯法行为
offence
offense
执照
licence
license
托词
pretence
pretense
5，英语中以-ise结尾的动词，美语中则拼作-ize。
英语拼法
美语拼法
批评
criticise
criticize
组织
organise
organize
实现
realise
realize
辨认
recognise
recognize
使标准化
standardise
standardize
6，英语中以双写-ll-拼写的部分词，在美语中只有一个-l-，例如：
英语拼法
美语拼法
顾问
counsellor
counselor
珠宝商
jeweller
jeweler
奇异的
marvellous
marvelous
包裹
parcelled
parceled
旅行
travelling
traveling
7，英语中以-xion结尾的词，美语中拼作-ction，读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
联系
connexion
connection
弯曲
inflexion
inflection
反射
reflexion
reflection
●Idioms
1.cryforthemoon异想天开
2.useeverytrickinthebook使出各种绝招，使出浑身解数
3.toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置
4.makeshortworkof迅速完成；轻松解决
5.toturnupone’snoseat瞧不起；嗤之以鼻
6.firstandforemost首要的是
7.partandparcel重要部分
8.jointhemajority离开；去世
9.dineandwine吃喝
10.followthemajority从众
11.Tomeetone’sWaterloo一败涂地
12.AnIndiansummer小阳春
13.Fortywinks白天小睡
14.Allgoodthingscometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席
15.cutandrun开溜；临阵脱逃
16.Diamondcutsdiamond.棋逢对手
17.onceinabluemoon千载难逢
18.Achilles’heel致命弱点
19.letbygonesbebygones既往不咎
20.Goldcan\'tbepureandmancan\'tbeperfect.金无足赤,人无完人
21.gaininbothfameandwealth名利双收
22.robPetertopayPaul拆东墙补西墙
23.wearandtear损坏；损耗
24.timeandtidewaitfornoman岁月不饶人
25.Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌
26.Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见
27.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.笨鸟先飞
28.whitenight 不眠之夜
29.Nodiscord,noconcord.不打不成交
30.Abirdmaybeknownbyitssong.什么鸟唱什么歌。
31.Onecan'tmakebrickswithoutstraw.巧妇难为无米之炊
32.thehighesteminenceistobegainedstepbystep千里之行始于足下
33.Pastexperience,ifnotforgotten,isaguideforthefuture.前事不忘,后事之师
●GREGraduateRecordExamination
CETCollegeEnglishTest
MBAMasterofBusinessAdministration
PETSPublicEnglishTestSystem
CEOChiefExecutiveOfficer
CPUcentralprocessingunit
ITInformationtechnology
ATMAutomaticTellerMachine
ELTEnglishLanguageTeaching
SOSSaveourship
VIPveryimportantperson
DIYDoityourself
TOFELTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage
ROMreadonlymemory只读存储器
NATOTheNorthAtlanticTreatyorganization
FIFAFederationInternationaledeFootball
AidsAcquiredImmuneDeficiencysyndrome
radarRadiodetectingandranging
●True
1.Thereisaninflectionalmorphemeintheword“shorter”.
2.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbsisaspecializeddictionary.
3.Morphemesareabstractunits,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmorphs.
4.Inth
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