Get格雅Unit5动名词与分词.docx
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Get格雅Unit5动名词与分词
Unit-5-
（2）动名词与分词
Unit5〔2〕
Gerund动名词
PresentParticipl现在分词
PastParticiples过去分词
Gerund
•Syntacticfunctionsofgerund
•gerundvs.infinitive
•Aspect,voiceandnegationofgerund
GerundasSubject动名词做主语
•在句首作主语，谓语动词用单数。
•Seeingisbelieving.
•Readingislikepermittingamantotalkalongtime,andrefusingyoutherighttoanswer.
•Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetridofarat.
注意：
当主语和表语都须采用非谓语动词形式时，主表的结构应一致，即都用动名词或都用不定式，不能混用。
〔但seem，prove,appear后通常只跟不定式〕
•Seeingistobelieve.（x）
•Climbingthemountainseemstobehopeless,forit’sraininghard.（√）
2.用在由it做形式主语的一些结构中
Str.1Itis+adj.（nice,better,foolish,enjoyable,good,useless）+gerund/infinitive
Str.2Itisnouse/nogood/somegood/awasteoftime/+（in）gerund
•It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.
•Itisawasteoftimetryingtomakehimchangehismind.
•Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?
3.There-bestructures
Str.1Thereisnopoint/use/good+（in）doingsth.
Str.2Thereisnodoingsth.（=It’simpossibletodo
sth.;Wecan’tdosth.）
•Thereisnouseyourarguingwithhim.
•There’snoknowingthefuture.
•Thereisnopointinmygoingouttodatesomeone.ImightreallylikeifImethimatthetime.
GerundasObject动名词做宾语
Ex.
•Iamlookingforwardto____（hear）fromyou.
•Ihaveahardtime___（get）usedto___（live）inabigplace.
•Shecouldn’thelp___（cry）whenshesawherhusbandcomingbackhomealive.
Ex.
•Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.
•Ihaveahardtimegettingusedtolivinginabigplace.
•Shecouldn’thelpcryingwhenshesawherhusbandcomingbackhomealive.
1.作动词宾语
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词（seetextbookP241）
admit/advise/anticipate/appreciate/avoid/
consider/contemplate/delay/deny/detest/discuss/
dislike/encourage/endure/enjoy/escape/excuse/
finish/fancy/favor/finish/forbid/forgive/imagine/
involve/mention/mind/miss/overlook/permit/postpone/
practice/prohibit/resent/resist/risk/suggest/
tolerate/understand
GerundasObject
Moreexamples:
•Puttinginanewwindowwillinvolvecuttingawaypartoftheroof.
•Beingabad-temperedman,hewouldnottoleratehavinghislecturesinterrupted.
•Shewassoangrythatshefeltlikethrowingsomethingathim.
•Theyareconsideringbuyingthehousebeforethepricesgoup.
•Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.
2.做介词宾语
一些跟动名词做宾语的短语SeetextbookP242
feellike/giveup/lookforwardto/objectto
be（get）usedto/taketo开始喜欢做/amountto意味着
preferdoingto/getroundto/devote…todoing
keepfrom/holdbackfrom/keepbackfrom/
inadditionto/beaverseto/beopposedto/
getroundto/beaccustomedtodo/doing/
bededicatedto
thealternative/approach/solutiontodoing
•Iamusedtosleepingwiththelightson.
•Iamaccustomedtosleepingwiththelightson.
•Thestudentsobjecttoincreasingtheirtuition.
3.在特定句型中做宾语
Havedifficulty
trouble
problem
fun
pleasure+（in）doing…
ahardtime
agoodtime
abadtime
adifficulttime
Examples:
•Wearehavingallkindsoftroublefindinganewapartmentfornextyear.
•TherearealotofclocksinmyroombecauseIhavetroublekeepingtrackoftime.
•Ihadahardtimegettingthroughthisnovel.
4.Otherstructures
（1）:
•beworthdoing…=beworthyofbeingdone…
=beworthytobedone…
•bebusydoing;bebusywithsth.
Examples:
•Thebookisworthreading.
•Thebookisworthyofbeingread.
•Thebookisworthytoberead.
GerundasObject
4.Otherstructures
（2）:
can’thelpdoing,
can’tresistdoing,
can’tkeepfromdoing,
can’tholdbackfromdoing,
can’tkeepbackfromdoing
•BUT:
can’thelpbutdo
can’tbutdo
can’tchoosebutdo
Gerundaspredicative动名词做表语
Examples:
•Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.
•Readingispermittingamantotalkalongtime,andrefusingyoutherighttoanswer.
Gerundasattributive动名词做定语
•Asleepingcar
•Areadingroom
•Aswimmingpool
Gerund&Infinitive动名词与不定式的区别
•动名词做主语或宾语和动词不定式区别不大
•It’simpossibletoget/gettingtherebeforedark.
•Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.
•动名词常用来表达重复性、习惯性的动作;动词不定式常表示一次性、具体的动作。
（seetextbookp246-248）
•Ididn’tliketodisturbyouthismorning.
•Idon’tlikereadingbooksinbed.
•Toplaywiththisdogwillbedangerous.
•Playingwithdogsisdangerous.
2.动名词和不定式的逻辑主语不同，动名词的主语常泛指人们，不定式的主语常和句子的主语一致。
•Ihatesmoking,soI’dliketositinthenon-smokingroom.
•Ihatetosmoke.
•Iscorntellinglies.
•Iscorntotellalie.
3.demand,deserve,need,require,want
+doing/tobedone
•Thegardenneedswatering/tobewatered.
•Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.
4.remember,forget,regret
+doing〔表示动作发生在这些动词前〕
+todo〔表示动作发生在这些动词后〕
•IstillrememberbeingtakentoBJforthefirsttime.
•Idon’trememberlockingmysuitcase.
•Remembertodosomeshoppingafterwork.
•He’sgotahabitofborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopayitback.
•He’sgotahabitofborrowingmoneyandforgettingpayingitback.
5.stop,goon〔加动名词作宾语，加不定式作目的状语〕
•Ireallymuststopsmoking.
•Stoptohavearest.
•Theteacherwentonexplainingthetext.
•Finishingthenewwords,theteacherwentontoattackthetext.
6.try,mean,mind,chance〔加动名词和加不定式时动词本身的含义不同〕
•Itriedsendingherflowers,butitdidn’thaveanyeffect.
•IoncetriedtolearnJapanese,butIfailed.
•Yourplanwouldmeanspendingmoremoneyandtimeontheexperiment.
•Idon’tmeantoberude,butcouldyoustopsmoking?
•Doyoumindmysmokinghere?
•Mindtomailtheletteronyourwaytoschool.
•Hechancedclimbingtherockwithoutanyhelp.
•Hechancedtofindhislostbikeinfrontofthedormbuilding.
aspect&voiceofgerund
Vt.
ActiveVoice
Vt.
Passivevoice
vi.
ActiveVoice
write
write
go
Simpleaspect
writing
Beingwritten
going
Perfectaspect
Havingwritten
Havingbeenwritten
Havinggone
passivevoice&perfectaspectofgerund
•Henarrowlyescaped___.（runover）
•Theroomneeds____（paint）.
•Ihavenottheleastobjectiontothechild___（punish）.
•Iappreciate___（give）theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.
•Hepridedhimselfon___（beat）inchess.
•Hedenied___（bethere）.
Negationofgerund
•Myopinionisnotco-operatingwiththem.
•Hewasnervousfromhavingneverspokeninpublicbefore.
•Iregrettednothavingworkedharderbefore.
PresentParticiples现在分词&PastParciples过去分词
Syntacticfunctionsofparticiples
•Adverbial
•Attributive
•Subjectcomplement
•Objectcomplement
Participlesasadverbials分词做状语
•根本原那么：
分词的主语应与句子的主语一致；
Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawhercrossingtheroad.
Usedeconomically,themoneycansupportyouforthewholeweek.
Correctingthefollowingsentences:
Askingwhathadhappenedseveraltimes,hethentoldusaboutit.
Lookingoutofthewindow,therearelotsofpeopleinthestreet.
Beingapopfan,CelineDionisherfavorite.
当分词的主语与句子不一致时，应用独立主格结构。
•Barkingfuriously,Iledthedogoutoftheroom.
→Thedogbarkingfuriously,Ileditoutoftheroom.
•Itbeingsoniceaday,wegooutforawalk.
•Weatherpermitting,we’llgofishingtomorrow.
•Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent,westartedlookingforwork.
一些固定的表达方式
•generally/strictly/franklyspeaking
•judgingfrom
•allowingfor/allowingthat
•supposingthat
•consideringthat
•seeingthat
•grantingthat/grantedthat
•talkingof
一些特殊的表达方式
•Generallyspeaking,menarestrongerthanwomen.
•Allowingforherinexperience,shehasdoneagoodjob.
•Grantingthathehasmadeamistake,heisnottoblame,forheintendedtohelpus.
•Supposingtherewasawar,whatwouldyoudo?
Negationofparticiples
•Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.
•Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Johnwentout.
Participlesasattributive分词做定语
现在分词vs.过去分词
•现在分词表主动的、一般的或正进行的动作；
•过去分词表被动的、一般的或已完成的动作。
adevelopingcountry;adevelopedcountry
theexploitingclass;theexploitedclass
theboilingwater;theboiledwater
•Mytwo____（grow）childrenhavebothfinishedcollege.
•____（grow）childrenneedgoodnourishment.
•The____（fall）snowwasfrozenhard.
•The____（fall）snowflakesintheskyarebeautiful.
•Ilovethenoiseof____（fall）rain.
•Moretrafficwillbeabletopassonthe____（widen）road.
•Mytwogrownchildrenhavebothfinishedcollege.
•Growingchildrenneedgoodnourishment.
•Thefallensnowwasfrozenhard.
•Thefallingsnowflakesintheskyarebeautiful.
•Ilovethenoiseoffallingrain.
•Moretrafficwillbeabletopassonthewidenedroad.
Participlesassubjectcomplement分词做主语补足语
分词作表语时，现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词表示主语所处的状态。
•Themusicismuchpleasingtotheear.
•Gwinnwaspleasedwiththeresults.
•Itcanbeverysatisfyingtoworkinthegarden.
•Ifyou'renotcompletelysatisfied,youcangetyourmoneyback.
分词做宾语补足语
•Shesmeltsomethingburning.
•Sheheardhisnamecalled.
•Hewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.
•Ifoundthosestudentsstudyingveryhard.
•Iheardhimcriticizedmanytimes.
•Customer:
Yourdogseemsveryfondofwatchingyoucuttinghair.
Barber:
Itisn’tthat.SometimesIsnipoffabitofcustomer’sear.
分词作宾补与动词不定式作宾补的区别
•Isawasoldiergettingonthetrain.〔进行〕
•Isawasoldiergetonthetrainanddisappeared.〔全过程〕
•
•Didyouheardoorbellringing?
〔进行〕
•Yes,Idid.Ihearditringthreetimes.〔全过程〕
•Sheheardthedoorslamming.〔反复性〕
•Sheheardthedoorslam.〔一次性〕
Formingcompoundadjectives由分词构成的复合形容词
现在分词与被修饰名词为主谓关系
freedom-lovingpeople
peace-keepingforce
anight-walkinganimal
agood-lookingyoungman
过去分词与被修饰名词为动宾关系
water-coveredland
aman-madesatellite
aready-madedress
agreen-paintedhouse
•吃人的野兽
•冬天开花的植物
•好听的音乐
•国有企业
Present
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