武汉理工大学数据库答案汇总.docx
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武汉理工大学数据库答案汇总
武汉理工大学数据库答案汇总
第一章：
1.1Whatisthepurposeofadatabase?
数据库的目的
Thepurposeofadatabaseistohelppeopletrack（跟踪监测）ofthings.
1.2Whatisthemostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabase?
最常见的数据库类型
Themostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabaseistherelationaldatabase.
1.3Giveanexampleoftworelatedtablesotherthantheexampleusedinthisbook.UsetheSTUDENTandGRADEtablesinFigure1-3asanexamplepattern（模式）foryourtables.Namethetablesandcolumnsusingtheconventionsinthisbook.给一个关联表的例子，参考1-3
Answer:
Query1：
学生信息
StudentNumber
LastName
FirstName
EmailAddress
1
Cookie
Sam
1234@OurU.edu
2
Lara
Marcia
1245@OurU.edu
3
Harris
Lou
2453@OurU.edu
4
Greene
Grace
2563@OurU.edu
5
Smith
Anna
4345@OurU.edu
Query2：
宿舍信息
StudentNumber
RoomNumber
RoomInformation
Rent
1
1
5-123
1000
2
3
3-633
1100
3
4
4-466
1200
4
2
2-454
1100
5
5
4-454
1300
1.4ForthetablesyoucreatedinReviewQuestion1.3,whataretheprimarykeysofeachtable?
Doyouthinkthatanyoftheseprimarykeyscouldbesurrogate（代理）keys?
每张表的主码？
这些主码可以是代理码吗？
Query1:
StudentNumber
Query2:
StudentNumber,RoomNumber
Yes,both.
1.5ExplainhowthetwotablesyouprovidedinReviewQuestion1.3arerelated.Whichtablecontainstheforeignkey,andwhatistheforeignkey?
TheprimarykeyofQ1wereaddedtotheQ2withaprimarykeyofStudentNumbertouniquelyidentifyeachrow.
InQ2StudentNumberandRoomNumbereachnowservesasaforeignkey.
1.6ShowyourtwotablesfromReviewQuestion1.3withoutthecolumnsthatrepresenttherelationships.Explainhowthevalueofyourtwotablesisdiminished（减少）withouttherelationships.在你的表中去掉代表关系的列，解释没有关系的表的value如何减少？
1.7Definethetermsdataandinformation.Explainhowthetwotermsdiffer.定义术语data和information,解释它俩的不同。
Answer:
Dataarerecordedfactsandnumbers.
Wecandefineinformationas:
Knowledgederivedfromdata.
Datapresentedinameaningfulcontext.
Dataprocessedbysumming,ordering,averaging,grouping,comparingorothersimilaroperations.
1.8GiveanexampleofinformationthatcouldbedeterminedusingthetwotablesyouprovidedinyouranswertoReviewQuestion1.3.
AnnaSmithlivesin4-454whichtherentis1300.
1.9Giveexamplesofasingle-userdatabaseapplicationandamultiuserdatabaseapplicationotherthantheonesshowninFigure1-5.举例子，单用户和多用户的数据库应用，除表1-5之外。
1.13Howdothee-commercecompaniesusethedatabasesdiscussedinReviewQuestion1.12?
电商公司如何使用数据库？
Answer:
E-commercecompaniesuseWebactivitydatabasestodeterminewhichitemsonaWebpagearepopularandsuccessfulandwhicharenot.
1.14Howdodigitaldashboardanddataminingapplicationsdifferfromtransactionprocessingapplications?
数字仪表板和数据挖掘应用程序在事务处理应用上有何不同？
Answer:
Digitaldashboardandotherreportingsystemsassesspastandcurrentperformance.Dataminingapplicationspredictfutureperformance.
1.15Explainwhyasmalldatabaseisnotnecessarilysimplerthanalargeone.
解释为什么一个小的数据库不一定比大的数据库简单？
Answer:
Supposedwehave2companywhicharedifferentinsalesbuthavesimilardatabase.Thoughthedifferenceinsale,bothhavethesamekindsofdata,aboutthesamenumberoftablesofdata,aboutthesamelevelofcomplexityindatarelationships.Onlytheamountofdatavariesfromonetotheother.Thus,althoughadatabaseforasmallbusinessmaybesmall,itisnotnecessarilysimple.（一句话，麻雀虽小五脏俱全）
1.16ExplainthecomponentsinFigure1-7.解释图1-7的成分要素
Adatabasesystemisdefinedtoconsistoffivecomponents:
users,thedatabaseapplication,StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,thedatabasemanagementsystem（DBMS）,andthedatabase.
a.Usersemployadatabaseapplicationtokeeptrackofthings.Theyuseformstoread,enter,andquerydata,andtheyproducereportstoconveyinformation.
b.AdatabaseapplicationisasetofoneormorecomputerprogramsthatservesasanintermediarybetweentheuserandtheDBMS.
c.StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,aninternationallyrecognizedstandardlanguagethatisunderstoodbyallcommercialDBMSproducts,indatabaseprocessingandthefactthatdatabaseapplicationstypicallysendSQLstatementstotheDBMSforprocessing.
d.Thedatabasemanagementsystem（DBMS）isacomputerprogramusedtocreate,process,andadministerthedatabase.
e.Thedatabaseisacollectionofrelatedtablesandotherstructures.
1.17Whatarethefunctionsofapplicationprograms?
应用程序的功能是什么？
Answer:
•Createandprocessforms
•Processuserqueries
•Createandprocessreports
•Executeapplicationlogic
•Controlapplication
1.18WhatisStructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,andwhyisitimportant?
StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）isaninternationallyrecognizedstandardlanguage.BecauseitnearlycanbeunderstoodbyallcommercialDBMSproducts,indatabaseprocessing,databaseapplicationstypicallysendSQLstatementstotheDBMSforprocessing.（在数据库方法中，数据库应用向DBMS发送SQL语句）
1.19WhatdoesDBMSstandfor?
Databasemanagementsystem
1.20WhatarethefunctionsoftheDBMS?
•Createdatabase、Createtables
•Createsupportingstructures
•Readdatabasedata
•Modify（修改）（insert,update,ordelete）databasedata
•Maintaindatabasestructures
•Enforcerules
•Controlconcurrency（并发控制）
•Providesecurity
•Performbackupandrecovery（备份与恢复）
1.21NamethreevendorsofDBMSproducts.
MySQL，MicrosoftSQLServer，IBM
1.22Definethetermdatabase.（数据库一词的定义）
Adatabaseisaself-describingcollectionofintegratedtables.
1.23Whyisadatabaseconsideredtobeself-describing?
Adatabaseisself-describingbecauseitcontainsadescriptionofitself.Thus,databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.
1.24Whatismetadata（元数据）?
Howdoesthistermpertain（属于）toadatabase?
databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.Suchdescriptivedataiscalledmetadatabecauseitisdataaboutdata.（元数据是描述数据的数据）
1.25Whatadvantageisthereinstoringmetadataintables?
Youcanexamine（调查）metadatatodetermineifparticulartables,columns,indexes,orotherstructuresexistinadatabase.
可以通过调查元数据得知某些特定的结构是否存在于数据库中
1.26Listthecomponentsofadatabaseotherthanusertablesandmetadata.除了用户表和元数据以外的其他数据库组件。
•Indexes
•Storedprocedures
•Triggers
•Securitydata
•Backup/recoverydata
1.27IsMicrosoftAccessaDBMS?
Whyorwhynot?
No,MicrosoftAccessisnotjustaDBMS.Becauseitisapersonaldatabasesystem:
aDBMSplusanapplicationgenerator.AlthoughMicrosoftAccesscontainsaDBMSenginethatcreates,processes,andadministersthedatabase,italsocontainsform,report,andquerycomponentsthataretheMicrosoftAccessapplicationgenerator.（应用程序生成器）
1.28-1.35了解就好，太偏太细，感觉不会考
1.28DescribethecomponentsshowninFigure1-15.
ComponentsofaMicrosoftAccessDatabaseSystem
MicrosoftAccesscontainsaDBMSenginethatcreates,processes,andadministersthedatabase,italsocontainsform,report,andquerycomponentsthataretheMicrosoftAccessapplicationgenerator.
1.29WhatisthefunctionoftheapplicationgeneratorinMicrosoftAccess?
Theapplicationgeneratorconsistsofapplicationscomponentsthatcreateandprocessforms,reports,andqueries.
1.30WhatisthenameoftheDBMSenginewithinMicrosoftAccess?
Whydowerarelyhearaboutthatengine?
ThecurrentDBMSenginewithinMicrosoftAccessiscalledtheAccessDatabaseEngine（ADE）.ADEisaMicrosoftOfficespecificversionofMicrosoft’sJointEngineTechnology（JETorJet）databaseengine.ButyouseldomhearaboutJetbecauseMicrosoftdoesnotsellJetasaseparateproduct.
ADE是Jet引擎的一个版本，很少听说是因为Jet不是一个独立销售的产品
1.31WhydoesMicrosoftAccesshideimportantdatabasetechnology?
Becauseitisaneffectivestrategyforbeginnersworkingonsmalldatabases
1.32WhywouldsomeonechoosetoreplacethenativeMicrosoftAccessDBMSenginewithSQLServer?
YouwoulddothisifyouwantedtoprocessalargedatabaseorifyouneededtheadvancedfunctionsandfeaturesofMicrosoftSQLServer.
1.33Namethecomponentsofanenterprise-classdatabasesystem.
1.34Nameanddescribethefourcategoriesofdatabaseapplicationsthatwoulduseanenterprise-classdatabasesystem.
client/serverapplications：
theapplicationprogramisaclientthatconnectstoadatabaseserver.Client/serverapplicationsoftenarewritteninprogramminglanguagessuchasVB.NET,C++,orJava.
e-commerceapplications：
runonaWebserver
reportingapplications：
publishtheresultsofdatabasequeriesonacorporateportalorotherWebsite.
XMLWebservicesapplications：
useacombinationoftheXMLmarkuplanguageandotherstandardstoenableprogram-to-programcommunication.
1.35Howdodatabaseapplicationsreadandwritedatabasedata?
AllofthesedatabaseapplicationsgetandputdatabasedatabysendingSQLstatementstotheDBMS.
1.35Howdodatabaseapplicationsreadandwritedatabasedata?
（数据库应用程序是如何读写数据库数据的？
PPT:
FirstclassP23）
Answer：
theapplicationprogramfirstqueriestheDBMSfordata（againusingSQL）.Theapplicationthenformatsthequeryresultsasareport.（首先在DBMS中使用SQL查询数据，然后将查询结果作为报表显示）
1.36NamethefiveDBMSproductsdescribedinthischapter,andcomparethemintermsofpower,features,anddifficultyofuse.（列出本章中5个DBMS产品，并比较他们的功效、特性和使用的难易程度PPT：
secondclassp39）
Answer:
MicrosoftAccess,MySQL,SQLServer,DB2,andOracleDatabase.（这已经是按比较顺序来的了）
1.37Listseveralconsequencesofapoorlydesigneddatabase.（列出几个数据库设计不良的后果）
Answer：
（1）TheymayrequireapplicationdeveloperstowriteoverlycomplexandcontrivedSQLtoget–wanteddata.（开发人员需要编写过于复杂的SQL来获取数据）
（2）theymaybedifficulttoadapttonewandchangingrequirements.（很难适应新的不断
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