201大学英语六级第2套真题及答案及解析.docx
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201大学英语六级第2套真题及答案及解析
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套
特别说明:
2016年6月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分,本试卷〔第二套只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题。
具体重叠部分:
本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复,本试卷不再列出。
PartIWriting<30minutes>
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone-learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorepeoplestudyonlineinsteadofattendingschool.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
Directions:
PartIIIReadingcomprehension<40minutes>
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear—man-madecreationsassmartandcapableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles,thequestionnaturally26:
Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?
Manufacturers?
Users?
Softwarewriters?
Theanswerdependsontherobot.
Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.
Butthereare30tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone< 遥控飞行器 >operatorwill31someone’sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighbor’scat.Juriessympathetictothe32ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany-crushing33anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile34spaceforinnovation?
Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer’sdrivingrecord,notthepassenger’s.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A>arisesB>ascendsC>boundD>combinationE>definiteF>eventuallyG>interfereH>invadeI>manifestingJ>penaltiesK>preservingL>programmedM>proximatelyN>victimsO>widespread
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.
AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
ReformandMedicalCosts
[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystem—islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental< 渐进的 >gains.
[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded,"PrettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyIiteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures."
[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:
thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.
[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.
[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehook<放过>.ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong"pay-go"rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.
[F]TheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax< 消费税 >onhealthinsuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages,TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.
[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.
[H]Thestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.
[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem—doctorsarerewardedforthequantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectiveness—isaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatient’sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient’sneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.
[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare’spaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.
[K]Thebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.
[L]Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.
[M]Thepresident’sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate<前列腺>cancer?
Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?
Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.
[N]Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.
[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments.
[P]TheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritat