新剑桥商务英语单词总结.docx

新剑桥商务英语单词总结.docx

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新剑桥商务英语单词总结

1.autonomous:

independent,abletotakedecisionswithoutconsultingahigherauthority

2.decentralization:

dividinganorganizationintodecision-makingunitsthatarenotcentrallycontrolled.

3.function:

aspecificactivityinacompany,.production,marketing,finance

4.hierarchy:

systemofauthoritywithdifferentlevels,oneabovetheother.

5.lineauthority:

thepowertogiveinstructionstopeopleatthelevelbelowinthechainofcommand

6.reportto:

toberesponsibletosomeoneandtotakeinstructionsfromhimorher

7.subordinates:

peopleworkingundersomeoneelseinahierarch

8.industrialbelt:

anareawithlotsofindustrialcompanies,aroundtheedgeofacity

9.wealth:

theproductsofeconomicactivity

10.productivity:

theamountofoutputproduced（inacertainperiod,usingacertainnumberofinputs

11.corporateethos:

acompany’swaysofworkingandthinking

12.collaboration:

workingtogetherandsharingideas

13.insulatedorisolated:

alone,placedinapositionawayfromothers

14.fragmentation:

breakingsomethingupintopieces

15.motivate:

Toinspire,toinduce,togiveareasonorincentivetosomeonetodosomething.

16.employee:

Apersonemployedbysomeoneelse,workingformoney.

17.laborrelations:

Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees,managersandworkers,managementandunions.

18.responsibility:

Havingcontrolofsomethingaspartofyourjob

19.wages:

Moneypaid（perhourordayorweek）tomanualworkers

20.salary:

Afixedregularpaymentmadebyemployers,usually,forprofessionalorofficework.

21.benefitsorperks:

Advantagesthatcomewithajob,apartfromwagesorsalary.

22.promotion:

Toberaisedtoahigherrankorbetterjob.

security:

Knowingthatthereislittleriskoflosingone’sjob.

24.skilled:

Havingparticularabilities,acquiredbytraining.

25.subcontractor:

Anycompanythatprovidesgoodsorservicesforanotherone

26.component:

Anyofthepiecesorpartsthatmakeupaproduct,machine,etc.

orcontractingout:

Buyingproductsorprocessedmaterialsfromothercompaniesratherthanmanufacturingthem

28.capacity:

The（maximum）rateofoutputthatcanbeachievedfromaproductionprocess

29.plant:

Thebuildings,machines,equipmentandotherfacilitiesusedintheproductionprocess

30.location:

Thegeographicalsituationofafactoryorotherfacility:

31.inventory:

Thestockofanyitemorresourceusedinanorganization（includingrawmaterials,parts,supplies,workinprocessandfinishedproducts）

32.leadtime:

Thetimeneededtoperformanactivity.tomanufactureordeliversomething）

channel:

allthecompaniesorindividualsinvolvedinmovingaparticularkindofgoodsorservicefromtheproducertotheconsumer.

launchaproduct:

tointroduceanewproductontothemarket.

opportunities:

possibilitiesoffillingunsatisfiedneedsinsectorsinwhichacompanycanprofitablyproducegoodsorservices

research:

collecting,analyzingandreportingdatarelevanttoaspecificmarketingsituation（suchasaproposednewproduct）

segmentation:

dividingamarketintodistinctgroupsofbuyerswhohavedifferentrequirementsorbuyinghabits

:

wrappersandcontainersinwhichproductsaresold

ofsale:

placeswheregoodsaresoldtothepublic–shops,stores,kiosks,marketstalls,etc.

concept:

anideaforanewproduct,whichistestedwithtargetconsumersbeforetheactualproductisdeveloped

features:

attributesorcharacteristicsofaproduct:

quality,price,reliability,etc.

representative:

someonewhocontactsexistingandpotentialcustomers,andtriestopersuadethemtobuygoodsorservices

advertising:

freeadvertising,whensatisfiedcustomersrecommendproductstotheirfriends.

orprestigeadvertising:

advertisingthatmentionsacompany’snamebutnotspecificproducts.

agencies:

companiesthathandleadvertisingforclients.

account:

acontractwithacompanytoproduceitsadvertising.

advertisingbudget:

theamountofmoneyacompanyplanstospendindevelopingitsadvertisingandbuyingmediatimeorspace.

brief:

thestatementofobjectivesofanadvertisingcampaignthataclientworksoutwithanadvertisingagency.

campaign:

theadvertisingofaparticularproductorserviceduringaparticularperiodoftime.

customersortargetmarket:

adefinedsetofcustomerswhoseneedsacompanyplanstosatisfy.

planners:

thepeoplewhochoosewheretoadvertise,inordertoreachtherightcustomers.

thresholdeffect:

thefactthatacertainamountofadvertisingisnecessarytoattractaprospectivecustomer’sattention.

comparative-paritymethod:

choosingtospendthesameamountonadvertisingasone’scompetitors.

advertising:

advertisingduringperiodsorseasonswhensalesarenormallyrelativelypoor.

:

writingdownthedetailsoftransactions（debitsandcredits）

:

keepingfinancialrecords,recordingincomeandexpenditure,valuingassetsandliabilities,andsoon

accounting:

preparingbudgetsandotherfinancialreportsnecessaryformanagement

accounting:

workingouttheunitcostsofproducts,includingmaterials,laborandallotherexpenses

accounting:

calculatinganindividual’soracompany’sliabilityfortax

:

inspectionandevaluationofaccountsbyasecondsetofaccountants

61.‘Creativeaccounting’:

usingallavailableaccountingproceduresandtrickstodisguisethetruefinancialpositionofacompany

62.shareholdersorstockholders:

Acompany’sowners

63.earningsorincome:

Therevenuesreceivedbyacompanyduringagivenperiod,minusthecostofsales,operatingexpenses,andtaxes

64.liabilities:

Allthemoneythatacompanywillhavetopaytosomeoneelseinthefuture,includingtaxes,debts,andinterestandmortgagepayments

65.turnover:

Theamountofbusinessdonebyacompanyoverayear

66.assets:

Anythingownedbyabusiness（cashinvestments,buildings,machines,andsoon）thatcanbeusedtoproducegoodsorpayliabilities

67.depreciationoramortization:

Thereductioninvalueofafixedassetduringtheyearsitisinuse（chargedagainstprofits）

68.debtorsoraccountsreceivable:

Sumsofmoneyowedbycustomersforgoodsorservicespurchasedoncredit

69.creditorsoraccountspayable:

Sumsofmoneyowedtosuppliersforpurchasesmadeoncredit

70.stockorinventory:

（Thevalueof）rawmaterials,workinprogress,andfinishedproductsstoredreadyforsale

71.overheadsoroverhead:

Thevariousexpensesofoperatingabusinessthatcannotbechargedtoanyoneproduct,processordepartment

:

anarrangementbywhichacustomercanwithdrawmorefromabankaccountthanhasbeendepositedinit,uptoanagreedlimit;interestonthedebtiscalculateddaily.

card:

acardwhichguaranteespaymentforgoodsandservicespurchasedbythecardholder,whopaysbackthebankorfinancecompanyatalaterdate.

dispenserorATM:

acomputerizedmachinethatallowsbankcustomerstowithdrawmoney,checktheirbalance,andsoon

:

afixedsumofmoneyonwhichinterestispaid,lentforafixedperiod,andusuallyforaspecificpurpose

orderordirectdebit:

aninstructiontoabanktopayfixedsumsofmoneytocertainpeopleororganizationsatstatedtimes.

:

aloan,usuallytobuyproperty,whichservesasasecurityfortheloan

card:

aplasticcardissuedtobankcustomersforuseincashdispensers

banking:

doingbankingtransactionsbytelephoneorfromone’sownpersonalcomputer

orcheckingaccount:

onethatgenerallypayslittleornointerest,butallowstheholdertowithdrawhisorhercashwithoutanyrestrictions

ortimeornoticeaccount:

onethatpaysinterest,butusuallycannotbeusedforpayingcheques（GB）orchecks（US）,andonwhichnoticeisoftenrequiredtowithdrawmoney

:

toplacemoneyinabank;ormoneyplacedinabank

currencies:

themoneyusedincountriesotherthanone’sown

:

howmuchmoneyaloanpays,expressedasapercentage

:

availablecash,andhoweasilyotherassetscanbeturnedintocash

:

thedatewhenaloanbecomesrepayable

:

toguaranteetobuyallthenewsharesthatacompanyissues,iftheycannotbesoldtothepublic

:

whenacompanybuysoracquiresanother

:

whenacompanycombineswithanotherone

:

buyingandsellingstocksorsharesforclients

management:

takingcareofallaclient’sinvestments

:

theendingorrelaxingoflegalrestrictions

:

agroupofcompanies,operatingindifferentfields,thathavejoinedtogether

chip:

acompanyconsideredtobewithoutrisk

:

abilitytopayliabilitieswhentheybecomedue

:

anythingthatactsasasecurityoraguaranteeforaloan

:

havingaresponsibilityoranobligationtodosomething,.topayadebt

:

apersonororganizationtowhommoneyisowed（forgoodsorservicesrendered,orasrepaymentofaloan）

:

tobeinsolvent:

unabletopaydebts.

:

everythingofvalueownedbyabusinessthatanbeusedtoproducegoods,payliabilities,andsoon

liquidate:

tosellallthepossessionsofabankruptbusiness.

:

moneythatacompanywillhavetopaytosomeoneelse（bills,taxes,debts,interestadmortgagepayments,etc.）

putupcapital:

toprovidemoneyforacompanyorotherproject

capital:

moneyinvestedinapossiblyriskynewbusiness

:

thepeoplewhobeginanewcompany

:

theplaceinwhichacompanydoesbusiness:

anoffice,shop,workshop,factory,warehouse,andsoon

:

toguaranteetobuyanentirenewshareissue,ifnooneelsewantsit

:

aproportionoftheannualprofitsofalimitedcompany,paidtosharehodelrs

fund:

acompanythatspreadsinvestors’capitaloveravarietyofsecurities

:

aninvestor’sselectionofsecurities

:

apersonwhocanadviseinvestorsandbuyandsellsharesforthem

chip:

astockinal