磁盘启动VMLite VBoot.docx

磁盘启动VMLite VBoot.docx

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磁盘启动VMLiteVBoot

VMLiteVBoot-LinuxVHDBoot

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Copyright©2010,VMLiteInc.

1Overview

1.1LinuxasRealAppliance

WithVBootforLinux,youcanpre-installandpre-configureLinuxOSanditsapplications,thendistributetheresultingvirtualdiskfileinVHDformat.Thevhdcanbootarealcomputer,withconfigurationandappsinstantlyavailable.Thisway,operatingsystemsaretrulymanageable,assimpleasfiles.WecallsuchaLinuxVHDtobearealappliance,inthesensethatitbootsphysicalcomputers.

It'sveryeasytosetupandbootacomputerwithavhdfile.Youdownloadthevhdfile,dropittoWindowsorLinuxfilesystem,thenconfigurethebootloader,andrebootthecomputer.

1.2LinuxasVirtualAppliance

Theexactsamevhdfilealsorunsasavirtualmachineusingvirtualizationsoftware,suchasVMLiteWorkstation,VirtualBox,XenandVirtualPCandHyper-V,etc.Bydefault,it'soptimizedforVMLiteWorkstation.

IfVMLiteWorkstationisinstalled,youcansimplydoubleclicktheubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.mopfiletolaunchthevhdasavirtualmachinewithVMLiteWorkstation.

1.3USBBootMadeEas

Youjustneedtostorethevhdfiletousbdrive,thenhooktheUSBtodifferentcomputerstoboot.IfyourcomputerBIOSdoesnotsupportUSBboot,youneedtoconfigureGRUB2tosupportUSB.

1.4ThesampleUbuntuVHD

Thesample ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhdisapre-installed32-bitUbuntu9.10desktopversioninEnglish.

∙selfgrowingdiskwithdiskcapacityof100G,withinitialsizeabout3G

∙rootusername/password:

user/welcome

2SystemRequirements

∙Windows2000andLater,32-and64-bit,NTFSfilesystemGRUB2orothercompatiblebootloaders,32-and64-bit

∙Mac-tobesupportedsoon

∙4Gdiskspace

3DownloadandExtract

ThesampleUbuntu9.10packageisafewhundredMB,soitwilltakequitesometimetodownload,andit'srecommendedtouseadownloadmanager,suchasFlashGet.

Oncedownloadiscomplete,firstyouneedtoextractthefile,whichisin.7zformat.Moreinfocanbefoundathttp:

//www.7-zip.org/download.html.OnWindows,youcanuseWinRaror7Ziptoextractthefile.OnLinux,youcanusethefollowingcommandstoinstall7zip,andunzipthefile:

   sudoapt-getinstallp7zip

   p7zip-dubuntu-1004.7z

Inordertobootacomputerusingthevhdfile,makesurethatit'snotextractedtoanetworkdrive,ortoanothervirtualdisk.Thevhdfilemustresideinabasicvolumeoninternalorexternalharddisks（e.g.,USBdrives）,otherwise,itwon'tboot.

4InstallonWindows

IfyourcurrenthostisWindows,youneedtoinstallVBootloader,andaddabootentrytoWindowsbootmanager.Inaddition,youneedtotellVBootwheretofindthevhdfile.

4.1AutomaticSetupbyrunningsetup.exe

It'shighlyrecommendthatyouusethismethodtosetupVBootonWindows,sinceit'sextremelysimpleandautomateseverything.Yousimplydoubleclicksetup.exeon32-bitWindows,orsetup64.exeon64-bitWindows.ThesetuputilitywillinstallVBootLoader,andconfiguretheWindowsbootloadertocontainanentrytoboottheLinuxVHD.

Aftersetup.exeissuccessfullyrun,yourebootthecomputer,andyoushouldseea"VBoot-UbuntuVHDBoot"entryasthelastone,selectthisentrytoboottoLinux.

4.2ManualSetup

Ifsomehowtheautomaticsetupdoesn'twork,thenyoucanperformthefollowingmanualsteps:

4.2.1CopyVBootLoaderFiles

TheVBootloaderisbasedonGNUGRUB2,anditsfilesarelocatedinvbootsubdirectory.

∙vbootldr.mbrandvbootldrarethetwocriticalbootloaderfilesthatmustbecopiedtotherootdirectoryofadrive,typicalC:

\.

∙Thefontsdirectorycontainsfontfilestobeusedbyourbootloader.

∙Thegrubdirectorycontainsgrub2modules,andtheveryimportgrub.cfgconfigurationfile.

Forexample,ifyouwanttocopythefilestoC:

\,youneedtocopythevbootdirectorytoc:

\,soyouwillhavec:

\vbootdirectory.Thenyoumustcopyvbootldr.mbrandvbootldrtoc:

\.

Thefollowingcommandscanbeusedtocopythefiles.Makesuretorunfromtheextracteddir.

mdc:

\vboot

xcopy/svbootc:

\vboot

copyvboot\vbootldrc:

\

copyvboot\vbootldr.mbrc:

\

4.2.2Configuregrub.cfg

Asamplegrub.cfgfileisplacedinc:

\vboot\grubdirectory（ord:

\vboot\grubdependingonwhereyouhavecopiedthefiles）.ThisistheGRUB2configuratrionfiletoloadoperatingsystems.Insidethisfile,thevhdfilepathishardcoded,andthusyouhavetomodifyit.

grub.cfgisatextfilethatyoucanusenotepadtoopenandmodify.Therelevantportionisshownbelow:

menuentry"VHDUbuntu,Linux2.6.32-21-generic"{

insmodvhd

vhdvhd0（hd0,1）/ubuntu-1004/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhd--partitions

linux（vhd0,1）/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-genericroot=/dev/sda1vloop=/ubuntu-1004/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhdquietsplash

initrd（vhd0,1）/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic

}

menuentrygroupsaspecificoperatingsystem.Thefirstlineinsmodvhdinsertsourvhd.modmoduletothebootloader.vhd.modisaGRUB2modulethattreatsavhdfileasharddisk,andallowsGRUB2toreadfilesfromthevhd.Forexample,theLinuxkernelandinitrdareloadedfromthevhdfile,asconfiguredabove.

Therearethreepaths（asshowninred）relatedtothevhdfilethatyouneedtochangedependingonthedirectorytowhichthevhdfileisextracted.

Thevhdpath（hd0,1）/ubuntu-1004/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhdisinGRUB2formatwhere（hd0,1）indicatesharddisk0andpartition1,withtherestistheabsolutepathinUNIXformat.Forexample,ifyourvhdfileisinsideafoldercalled123onanexternalUSBdisk,thenyouneedtochangethispathtosomethinglike（hd1,1）/123/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhd.Thepathimmediatelyaftervloop=shouldbethesameabsolutepathwithoutthedisknumberandpartitionnumber.

TherootpathistheLinuxdevicenameforthediskwherethevhdfileresides.Thenumberisthepartitionnumber,andtheletter'a','b','c',etc,representswhichdisk.For（hd0,1）,thenamewouldbe/dev/sda1;For（hd1,1）, itwouldbe/dev/sdb1;For（hd2,4）,itwouldbe/dev/sdc4,etc.

44.2.3ConfigureWindowsBootLoader

OnceVBootLoaderandthevhdfileareready,youneedtoconfigureWindowsbootmanager,soyoucanboottotheLinuxVHD.Youneedtoappendthevbootldr.mbrentrytothe[operatingsystems]section.Thefollowingissampleboot.inifilewithVBootentryaddedattheverylast.Showninrediswhatyouneedtoaddtoboot.ini.ChangeC:

towhateverdriveyouhavecopiedVBootLoaderfiles.

[bootloader]

timeout=30

default=multi（0）disk（0）rdisk（0）partition

（1）\WINDOWS

[operatingsystems]

multi（0）disk（0）rdisk（0）partition

（1）\WINDOWS="MicrosoftWindowsXPProfessional"/noexecute=optin/fastdetect

C:

\vbootldr.mbr="VBoot-UbuntuVHDBoot"

4.2.3.2WindowsVista/2008/7

WindowsVistaandaboveuseadifferentmechanismotherthanboot.inittoboot,andyouneedtorunbcdedit.exetomakechangestothebootmanager.ThefollowingarethecommandstorunifyouhavecopiedVBootLoadertodriveC:

. YoumustrumthesecommandsasAdministrator.GotoWindowsStartmenu>AllPrograms>Accessories,thenrightclickon"CommandPrompt",thenselect"RunAsAdministrator".Oncecommandpromptwindowisopen,youcanenterthesecommands.

bcdedit/create{D3DCE997-7447-41FC-9740-A8D20EE3BF55}/d"UbuntuVHDBoot"/applicationBOOTSECTOR

bcdedit/set{D3DCE997-7447-41FC-9740-A8D20EE3BF55}devicepartition=C:

bcdedit/set{D3DCE997-7447-41FC-9740-A8D20EE3BF55}path\vbootldr.mbr

bcdedit/displayorder{D3DCE997-7447-41FC-9740-A8D20EE3BF55}/addlast

bcdedit/timeout30

5InstallonLinux

OnLinuxsystems,thereisnoneedtoinstallVBootLoader.Instead,youonlyneedtoaddanentrytoyourcurrentbootloadersotheLinuxVHDcanbebooted.

5.1ConfigureGRUB2

YoucanedittheGRUB2configfile,/boot/grub/grub.cfg,usinganytexteditor,andinsertanentrylikethefollowing:

menuentry"VHDUbuntu,Linux2.6.32-21-generic"{

linux（hd0,1）/ubuntu-1004/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-genericroot=/dev/sda1vloop=/ubuntu-1004/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhdvlooppart=p1quietsplash

initrd（hd0,1）/ubuntu-1004/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic

}

TherearesomesubtledifferencesbetweenLinuxandWindowshost.OnWindowswhereourGRUB2module,vhd.mod,isavailable,youcanconfigureGRUB2toloadtheLinuxkerenlandinitrdfromtheexactlysamevhdfile,whereasonLinuxsystems,thekernelandinitrdareseparatefilesresidingexternally.Inotherwords,onWindows,it'sstrictlyonlyonevhdfileisrequired;whereasonLinux,3files（kernel,initrd,vhd）arerequired.Wewilltrytomakethevhd.modmoduletosupportLinuxfilesystemsoon.

Obviously,youneedtochangethepathsdependingonthedirectorytowhichthekernel,initrdandvhdfilesareextracted.

Thepath（hd0,1）indicatesharddisk0andpartition1,withtherestistheabsolutepathinUNIXformat.Forexample,ifyourvhdfileisinsideafoldercalled123onanexternalUSBdisk,thenyouneedtochangethispathtosomethinglike（hd1,1）/123/ubuntu-1004-desktop-i386.vhd.Thepathimmediatelyaftervloop=shouldbethesameabsolutepathwithoutthedisknumberandpartitionnumber.

TherootpathistheLinuxdevicenameforthediskwherethevhdfileresides.Thenumberisthepartitionnumber,andtheletter'a','b','c',etc,representswhichdisk.For（hd0,1）,thenamewouldbe/dev/sda1;For（hd1,1）, itwouldbe/dev/sdb1;For（hd2,4）,itwouldbe/dev/sdc4,etc.

5.3ConfigureLegacyGRUB

ForGRUB0.97andsimilar,youcanaddanentrytoyourGRUBconfigfile,/boot/grub/menu.lst,usinganytexteditor,andinsertanentrylikethefollowing:

titleVBoot-UbuntuVHDBoot

kernel/boot/ubuntu-1004/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-genericroot=/dev/sda1vloop=/boot/ubuntu-1004/ubuntu-1004-desktop