英国文学简史第十二章 Victorian Fiction.pptx

英国文学简史第十二章 Victorian Fiction.pptx

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Chapter12VictorianFictionDickensThackeray,theVictorianperiodwasanageofthenovel英国小说创作的黄金时代在女王执政期间共出版了约6万种为成人和儿童写的长篇小说；自称是维多利亚小说家的约有7千人，其中三分之一为女性。

literacyimproved-readbothtolearnaboutlifeandtoseekentertainment-afamilyoftenreadtogetherintheirsparetime-urgentneed（oftenwrittenininstallments）,Majorwriters,CharlesDickensWilliamMakepeaceThackeray萨克雷theBrontesisters,勃朗特姐妹GeorgeMeredith,梅瑞狄斯AnthonyTrollope特罗洛普SamuelButler塞缪尔巴特勒GeorgeGissingOscarWilde,LouisStevenson史蒂文森GeorgeMoore.Mrs.Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人,Gissingswork,WorkersintheDawn（1880）TheUnclassed（1884）Demos（1886）IsabelClarendon（1886）Thyrza（1887）ALifesMorning（1888）TheNetherWorld（1889）TheEmancipated（1890）NewGrubStreet（1891）DenzilQuarrier（1892）BorninExile（1892）TheOddWomen（1893）,IntheYearofJubilee（1894）EvesRansom（1895）SleepingFires（1895）ThePayingGuest（1896）TheWhirlpool（1897）TheTownTraveller（1898）TheCrownofLife（1899）OurFriendtheCharlatan（1901）ThePrivatePapersofHenryRyecroft（1902）Veranilda（1904）WillWarburton（1905）,Gissingsfictionisbroadlynaturalisticandanti-,romanticinflavorandexclusivelyurbaninsetting.His,earlynovelsaresetamongtheLondonslumsanddealwiththelifethereinremorselessandpenetrating,butnotverysympathetic,detail:

thebestoftheseisTheNetherWorld（1889）,Apartfromhisslum,novels,thebestofhisworkdealswithsocialissues.Gissingwasadeeplyconservative,neurotic,restlessman.HehatedJingoismandnationalism,predictingalltooaccuratelywheretheywouldlead.Hedistrustedscienceandcondemnedtheproponentsofprogress;hescornedallthepopularenthusiasmsofhisday.,WilkieCollins柯林斯（1824-1889）,firstdetectivestorywriterinEnglishhistoryauthorofthefamousMoonstone（1868）andTheWomaninWhite（1860）secretofsuccess,Letemwait,letemlaugh,andletemcry,diz5reili迪斯雷利（英国著名政治家,小说家）（1804-1871/1888）thenovelist-PrimeMinister,famousforhisauthenticrepresentationofEnglishlifethen,lashingoutvehementlyatindustrialismasculpritforprevailingpovertyandwretchednessfamoustwonationsobservationabouttheexistingextremesofwealthandpoverty=theEnglandoftherich+theEnglandofthepoor,CharlesKingsley（1819-1875）,crusadedforsocialimprovementallhislifethehistoricallysignificantnovel,WestwardHo!

（1855）（imbuedwithrichElizabethanspirit）,ElizabethGaskell（1810-1865）,touching,much-dissectednovel,MaryBarton（1848）38岁玛丽巴顿portrayalsofthesocialillsoftimeherbestwork,WivesandDaughters（1866）.妻子与女儿，1866Ruth露斯，1853=similartoTessbyHardySylviasLovers希尔维亚的情人，1863TheLifeofCharlotteBronte，1857Southandnorth南方与北方,MaryBarton,“英国状况”小说MaryBartonJohnBarton=killHenry,confessed,forgivenbyHenrysfatheranddiedHenryJimWilsonEmigratedtoCanada,LewisCarroll（pseudonymforCharlesLutwidgeDodgson5dCdVsEn道奇森,AliceAdventuresinWonderland（1865）ThroughtheLooking-Glass（1872）,ConanDoyle（1859-1930）柯南道尔,5kCnEndCil,英国医师、小说家、推理小说家,创造了私人侦探福尔摩斯的形象）,hisbewitchingSherlockHolmescycleofdetectivestories,SamuelButler,5bQtlE巴特勒TheWayofAllFlesh众生之道Erewhon埃瑞璜ErewhonRevisited重游埃瑞璜,RobertLouisStevenson（1850-1894）,anovelist,apoet,aprosewriter,andaplaywright.TreasureIsland金银岛（1883TheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.Hyde（1886）.NewArabianNights新天方夜谭Kidnapped诱拐AChildsGardenofVerses儿童诗园,CharlesDickens（1812-1870）=Criticalrealism,

（1）apoorbackground-blackingshoefactory+littleformaleducation

（2）works:

20-oddnovels,CharlesDickens狄更斯（18121870）,（18121870）,HisLife,Portsmouth,Hampshire,extravagant/ikstrvignt/奢侈的wasteful,prisonfordebt,blackingfactory（鞋油作坊）.,unhappiesttimefather,HisLife,restartedschoolingshorthandtheBritishMuseumLibrary,15alawyersofficeparliamentaryreporter,writingcareerin1833,HisLife,in1836,SketchesbyBoz特写集,married,humorousstories,firstrank,withoutrest,apoplexy/ppleksi/中风，脑溢血,PoetsCorneratWestminsterAbbey,PickwickPapers匹克威克外传,CharacteristicsofDickensNovels,CharlesDickenscreatedtwentynovelsduringhislife.HisnovelsofferedusaprofoundcompleterealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofmid-19thcentury.,CharacteristicsofDickensNovels,exploitationrapacity/rpsti/,greed,unreasonablerulesandregulations,unforgettablefigures,1）Hisstrikingfeatureisthewidespreadingofcriticalrealism.sharp,satiresimple&clearlanguage,hypocriticalinstitution,CharacteristicsofDickensNovels,2）Thesecondfeatureisthespiritofdemocracyandhumanism.,character-portrayal,comiclaughter,tragedytears,humorandsatire,agreathumoristandsatirist,CharacteristicsofDickensNovels,3）TheconstructionofplotinDickensnovelsisprettycomplicated.Besidesthemaincoreofthestory,therearealwaysmorethanoneminorcluesthatareusuallyverylooselymingledwitheachother.,MajorWorks,18361841,youthfuloptimism1）SketchesbyBoz特写集,thefirstbook2）ThePickwickPapers匹克威克外传,MajorWorks,3.OliverTwist奥克佛特维斯特，雾都孤儿4.NicholsNickleby尼古拉斯尼克尔贝5.TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店6.BarnabyRudge巴纳比拉奇Thefirstnovelofsocialhistory,MajorWorks,Thesecondperiodofexcitementandirritation（greatanger）1）AmericanNotes美国札记2）MartinChuzzlewit马丁朱述尔维特,AChristmasCarol圣诞颂歌TheChimes教堂钟声TheCricketontheHearth灶上蟋蟀（圣诞颂歌，教堂钟声和灶上蟋蟀以圣诞为题材具有浓郁宗教色彩。

）,MajorWorks,3）DombeyandSon董贝父子4）DavidCopperfield大卫科波菲尔hisbestbook,MajorWorks,Thethirdperiodofshowingintensifying（increasing）pessimism1）BleakHouse荒凉山庄2）HardTimes艰难时世3）LittleDorrit小杜丽4）ATaleofTwoCities双城记,MajorWorks,5）GreatExpectations远大前程;6）OurMutualFriend我们的共同朋友,theworsebook;7）EdwinDrood（unfinished）艾德温德鲁德之迷.,TheStoryofSomeMajorNovels,NicholasNicklebyTheOldCuriosityShopMartinChuzzlewitDombeyandSonHardTimesATaleofTwoCities,SketchesbyBoz博兹特写集ThePickwickPapers匹克威克外传DavidCopperfield;OliverTwistNicholasNiekleby尼古拉斯尼克贝尔;TheOldCuriosityShopHardTimes艰难时事,ATaleofTwoCitiesBleakHouse荒凉之屋;DombeyandSonLittleDorritGreatExpectations远大前程OurMutualFriendMartinChuzzlewit马丁朱兹尔维特,Dickenscareer=twobroadsub-periods.,Thefirstperiod=fromthebeginningthrough1850（DombeyandSon）=aDickenssmilingthroughhispages+evil,crueltyandsuffering,andtension=thesystemistoDickensstillgoodandcapableofbecomingbetter+faithinthecharitablespiritofhumanbeings,andportraysbenevolentcharacterswithwarmthandenthusiasm,Thesecondperiod=,endofthefirstperiodtotheendofhislife=theprogressofthecountrytowardthebarbaricphaseofcapitalistdevelopmentsorelyfrustratedandevendespairs=thecountryhehaslovedsomuchheadingtowardsomeominousdirection+manscrueltytohisfellowcreatures+hisgenerationasawickedone+lifebecomesworseandDickensfeelsdepressed=asocialpicturedisconcertinglydismalandagonizing.,TheDickensianworldisalmostShakespearean.,DickensprovinceisthewholeofEnglishsocietyofhistimeItisaworldthrongedwiththediversespecimensofhumanity,ThearchetypalDickensianheroorheroine（characterization）,Dickensprotagonists=modernexistentialisthero+happyending.

（1）anorphanorachild（parents=stillalive+dead）.

（2）aloneinaheartlessworld,withoutfamilyloveandanysenseofsecurity,ignoredbysociety,andstrugglingagainstmalignantoddsforsurvival.,（3）Theygothroughallthephasesofpainfulgrowingup,experiencerepeateddefeats,humiliationandfrustration,butsurvivethetrialsandtribulationsofhumanexistencebysheerresilienceandthewillnevertobowtoexternalforces.（4）despair+thedownwardmovementtoHell+comebackup.,archetypalthemes,moderninnature（dehumanization+alienation+questforself-identity）+essentiallyVictorian（optimism+alightattheendofthetunnel）.abundantfaithinthegoodnessofhumannature,Dickensartisticfeatures,1）essentiallyanintuitiveartist.Spontaneitywashistrademark.（spontanious=conscious）2）comic+humorous=melodramaticeffect（plot,masking+disguisedidentities）+grotesquery,3）grotesquery=charactersandplacescharacters=caricatures（skillofexaggeration）=theevilisallevilwhilethegoodisallgood=evilandlovablegrotesques=truetolife+largerthanlife.4）Dickensishighlycriticalofhisage.,Themelodrama,adramaticformofhappyandboisterous狂暴的,喧闹的farce,normallyemployedtoproducelaughterandrelievetheheavinessofthemainplot.Dickensisskilledintheuseofmelodrama.,Thegrotesque,Thegrotesque=somethingoddandfantasticthatattractsandamazesbyvirtueofitsout-of-ordinariness.Thisisproducedmainlythroughincongruous,disproportionatedescriptionsoroddjuxtapositionsofthingsorpeopleorscenarioswhichchallengeacceptedperceptionsandconcepts.,Veryoftenliterarygrotesqueportrayalsblowthingsoutofdimensionsoastoprovokelaughteratthequaintnessofthingsorpeopleandhelpthereadersseebetterthetruenatureofman,life,andtheworld.,GreatExpectations,Characters:

Pip（orphan）+Magwitch（convict澳大利亚养羊发迹病死狱中，财产充公）+MissHavisham（awealthywoman）郝薇香小姐+hissister+herhusbandJoe（blacksmith）+Estella艾斯黛拉.（fosterdaughter+Magwitchslostdaughter）ThesymbolicmeaningsofthenamesPlot:

threesections=countryside+London（theThames）+countryside,GreatnessofGreatExpectations,abildungsroman,oranovelofgrowthordevelopment.Ittellsastoryaboutayoungpersongrowingfrominnocencetoexperienceandfromimmaturitytomaturity.（learnshumility,acceptsguilt,retrieveslostvalues,andgrowsup.）Romanticinnature,i.e.countryvs.city,andinnocencevs.experience.,aquestforself-identityandforhistruefather.Disillusionmentsofthegreatexpectations（Pip+Magwitch+Estella+MissHavisham,ThedisillusionmentoftheVictorianvalues=gentleman（Pip+Magwitch=victim）Innocence（PipinadvertentlysavingMagwitch+therecapture=Pipinnocentinthecountry）,thelossofinnocence（anunexpectedoffer+theappearanceofhistruebenefactor）theregainmentofinnocence（learnstolove+thoroughlywet=symbolicbaptism=hisregeneration*suddenbrain