《无人生还》中的儿歌十个小黑人隐喻意义分析.docx
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《无人生还》中的儿歌十个小黑人隐喻意义分析
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本科毕业论文
题目《无人生还》中的儿歌“十个小黑人”隐喻意义分析
院（系）生命科学学院
专业生物科学
年级2011级
学生姓名杨子菡
学号**********
指导教师方幸福
二O一四年十月
HintInsinuationoftheRhymeTenlittleIndians
——OnAgathaChristie’sAndThenThereWereNone
AthesissubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguagesCCNU
InpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforBAdegree
InEnglishLiterature
byYangZihan
Supervisor:
Fangxingfu
AcademicTitle:
Professor
Signature:
October2014
华中师范大学
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Contents
AbstractinChinese……………………………………………………………
i
AbstractinEnglish…………………………………………………………….
ii
1.Introduction………………………………………………………………….
2.TheOriginofRhyme…………….……………………………..….……….
2.1TheoriginofMothergoose….…………………………….............….….
2.2ThebackgroundofTenLittleIndians…………….….………….……….
3.HintInsinuationoftheRhyme………………………………….................
3.1Tohintthesequenceandthewaystodeath………………………...........
3.1.1Tohintthewaystodeath………………………………………..........
3.1.2Tohintthesequenceofroles’death……………………………….....
3.2Tosuggestthemurderer…………………………………………………..
3.2.1“Aredherring”……………………………………………..................
3.2.2ThemannerofMr.Justice’sdeath…………………………………...
3.3Tocreateintenseatmosphere…………………………………..................
4.Conclusion………………………………………………………..…………..
Bibliography………………………………………………………...………….
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内容摘要
《无人生还》是著名的英国推理小说作家阿加莎·克里斯蒂的作品，出版于1939年，英国发行时书名为《十个小黑人》，书名来源于一首黑人歌谣，这首童谣在书中也是很重要的情节。
在美国发行时本书改名为《无人生还》。
该作品是阿加莎·克里斯蒂到目前为止销量最高的作品，全球销量超过一亿册，它更是历史上销量最高的推理小说之一，且一直以来在所有书籍中销量都保持领先水平。
在小说中，十个原本素不相识的人分别因为各种原因被邀请到了一个小岛，他们每一个人都犯了谋杀罪并且逃过了法律的制裁。
在小岛的第一天用晚餐的时候，留声机响起了一个声音，指控了每一个人的罪行并让他们在小岛上为此付出代价。
小岛上只有十个人，因为距离岸边太远，海上又起了风浪，他们不能逃离小岛，最终一个接一个相继死去。
那个在每个人屋里的古老的童谣，与死者的死亡方式和顺序惊人地巧合，本书即以歌谣的最后一句为题。
本文就这首童谣来分析在这其中所蕴含的隐喻意义。
关键词：
《无人生还》;阿加莎·克里斯蒂;十个小黑人;童谣;隐喻;
Abstract
AndThenThereWereNoneisamysterynovelbyAgathaChristie.ItwasfirstpublishedintheUnitedKingdombythe CollinsCrimeClub on6November1939as TenLittleNiggers,aftertheBritish Negrosongwhichservesasamajorplotpoint.Thetitlewaschangedto AndThenThereWereNone,forthefirstAmericanedition.ItisChristie'sbest-sellingnovelwith100millionsalesuptodate,makingittheworld'sbest-sellingmysteryever,andoneofthe bestsellersofalltime.Inthenovel,tenpeopleareenticedintoanislandunderdifferentpretexts;allhavebeencomplicitinthedeath（s）ofotherhumanbeingsbuteitherescapedjusticeorcommittedanotheractnotsubjecttolegalsanction.Theguestsarechargedwiththeirrespective“crimes”byagramophonerecordingafterdinnerthefirstnight,andinformedthattheyhavebeenbroughttotheislandtopayfortheiractions.Theyaretheonlypeopleontheisland,andcannotescapeduetothedistanceandtheinclementweather.Onebyone,allthetenarekilledinturnattheend,inamannerthatseemstoparallelthetendeathsinthenurseryrhyme.Thenovelwasnamedafterthelastlineoftherhyme.ThisarticleisgoingtoanalyzethehintinsinuateofthenurseryrhymeinAndThenThereWereNone.
Keywords:
AndThenThereWereNone;AgathaChristie;TenLittleIndians;nurseryrhyme;hintinsinuate
ii
1.Introduction
AgathaChristieisanEnglishcrimenovelist,shortstorywriter,andplaywright.ShealsowrotesixromancesunderthenameMaryWestmacott,butbestknownforthe66detectivenovelsand14shortstorycollectionsshewroteunderherownname.Shealsowrotetheworld'slongest-runningplay,TheMousetrap.
Borninawealthyupper-middle-classfamilyin Torquay,Christieisveryinterestedinliterary creation.Earlyinherlife,hersisteralwaystoldherstoriesaboutTheAdventuresofSherlockHolmes,whichinspiredherengagedherselfintodetectivewritingcareer.Shewasinitiallyunsuccessfulatgettingherworkpublished;butin1920 TheBodleyHead presspublishedhernovel TheMysteriousAffairatStyles,featuringthecharacterofPoirot.Thislaunchedherliterarycareer.
AndThenThereWereNone isChristie'sbest-sellingnovelwith100millionsalestodate,makingittheworld'sbest-sellingmysteryever,andoneofthe bestsellersofalltime.ItwasfirstpublishedintheUnitedKingdombythe CollinsCrimeClub on6November1939as TenLittleNiggers,namedaftertheBritish Negrosongwhichservesasamajorplotpoint.Thetitlewaschangedto AndThenThereWereNone,forthefirstAmericanedition.
Inthenovel,tenpeopleareenticedintocomingtoanislandunderdifferentpretexts;allhavebeencomplicitinthedeath（s）ofotherhumanbeingsbuteitherescapedjusticeorcommittedanotheractnotsubjecttolegalsanction.Theguestsarechargedwiththeirrespective“crimes”byagramophonerecordingafterdinnerthefirstnight,andinformedthattheyhavebeenbroughttotheislandtopayfortheiractions.Theyaretheonlypeopleontheisland,andcannotescapeduetothedistanceandtheinclementweather.Onebyone,allthetenarekilledattheend,inamannerthatseemstoparallelthetendeathsinthenurseryrhyme.Thereisthenurseryrhymeasfollow.
TenLittleIndians
TenlittleIndianBoyswentouttodine;
Onechokedhislittleselfandthentherewerenine.
NinelittleIndianBoyssatupverylate;
Oneoverslepthimselfandthentherewereeight.
EightlittleIndianBoystravellinginDevon;
Onesaidhe'dstaythereandthentherewereseven.
SevenlittleIndianBoyschoppingupsticks;
Onechoppedhimselfinhalvesandthenthereweresix.
SixlittleIndianBoysplayingwithahive;
Abumblebeestungoneandthentherewerefive.
FivelittleIndianBoysgoinginforlaw;
OnegotinChanceryandthentherewerefour.
FourlittleIndianBoysgoingouttosea;
Aredherringswallowedoneandthentherewerethree.
ThreelittleIndianBoyswalkinginthezoo;
Abigbearhuggedoneandthenthereweretwo.
TwolittleIndianBoyssittinginthesun;
Onegotfrizzledupandthentherewasone.
OnelittleIndianBoyleftallalone;
Hewentoutandhangedhimselfandthentherewerenone.（Frank,1869:
24）
Thenwewilldiscussaboutinthisrhymefromitsoriginandusestofindoutthehintinsinuationinit.
2.TheOriginofRhyme
2.1TheoriginofMothergoose
Thenurseryrhyme“TenlittleIndians”inthisbookispickedfromMotherGoose,abookcontainsacollectionof fairytales and nurseryrhymes,oftenpublishedasMotherGooseRhymes.Asacharacter,Mothergooseappearsinsinglenurseryrhyme. Fromthedescriptionandillustrations,MotherGooseisgenerallydepictedasanelderlycountrywomaninatallhatandshawl,acostumeidenticaltothe peasantworninWales intheearly20thcentury,butisalsodepictedasa gooseusuallywearinga bonnet.MotherGooseiscreditedwiththeMotherGoosestoriesandrhymes;yetnospecificwriterhaseverbeenidentifiedwithsuchaname.Thisbookincludedamountofwell-knownnurseryrhymes,suchasLondonBridgeIsFallingDown,Maryhadalittlelamb,etc.
2.2ThebackgroundofTenLittleIndians
Mothergoosecontainsanumberofbloody,brutalsentences,whichwasmainlyduetoitsdarkbackground.Thebiggestreasonisitsdifferentattitudetowardsdeath.Asiansusedtoavoidtalkingabout“death”orrelatedtopics.Onthecontrary,westernershavenotatoototalkaboutdeath.Theytaughttheirchildren“whatisdeath”fromanearlyage.Besides,in18th-century’sEngland,wheretheIndustrialRevolutionoccurred,notonlypromptingcapitalism,butalsocausedseriousinequalityandclassantagonisms.Mostofthepeoplebecamevictimsofcapitalism.Theylivedinterriblepovertyinadangerouspartofthecity,wherecrimeanddrugswerecommonplace.Insuchconditions,MotherGoose’sbloody,brutalsentenceswouldnotbeasurprisingthing.Someofthelyricsreflecthistoricalbackground,andsomearemirrorofreality,suchasinsanepeople,murderers,childwhokilledherparents,parentstradingtheirchild,etc.Theyarecommonplaceinthispovertysociety.Adaptinglifestoriestorhymesareentirelyhistoricaltragedythatmayseemunacceptabletoday.
“TenlittleIndians”formerlyknownas“Tenlittleniggers”,seemsquiteabsurdincontent.Thelastsentenceofthisnurseryrhyme“Hewentandhangedhimself,andthentherewerenone”maynotsuitableforchildrentoread,nowchangedto“Hegotmarried,andthentherewerenone.”Whenniggerisanextremelyoffensivewordforablackperson,atlastthe“Tenlittleniggers”changedinto“TenlittleIndians”.
3.HintinsinuationoftheRhyme
“TenlittleIndians”tellsastoryabouttenIndianboys.Aftermanytwistsandturns,onlyoneoftheoriginaltenboysisleft;hefeelsverylonelyandatlasthangedhimself.Thatinsinuatedtheweighty and cruel realitythatpeopleinthebottomofworkingclass,whostruggledagainsttheoppressionfrommiddleclassandbrutalcapitalistsociety,graduallydyingoutuntilnoonelastintheend.
Thenwewilldiscussaboutthehintinsinuationofthisrhymeinthebook.
3.1Tohintthesequenceandthewaystodeath
Inthisbook,guestswereinvitedtoanisland.Atthefirstnight,everyonefoundanurseryrhyme,“TenlittleIndians”,inhisorherbedroom.Andinthecenteroftheroundtable,onacircularglassstand,wereplac
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