中考分话题阅读理解训练12 科普知识与现代技术.docx

中考分话题阅读理解训练12 科普知识与现代技术.docx

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中考分话题阅读理解训练12科普知识与现代技术

TopicTwelvePopularScienceandModernTechnology科普知识与现代技术

话说中考

此类话题涉及科普知识和最尖端的现代化技术，是中考中难度最大的一部分，专业术语较多，词汇量大，多以说明文呈现在试卷中。

这就要求学生在平时多了解科普知识，关注尖端技术，热爱现代化，培养爱国主义精神。

解题思路：

整体把握文章大意，关注出题趋势，熟悉解题方法。

走进中考（兰州·2010）

Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsorthingsthatchangedthewaywelive．Thefirstgreatinventionwastheonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel．Thismadeiteasiertocarryheavythingsandtotravellongdistance．

Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewerefewinventionsthatasmucheffectasthewheel．Thenintheearly1800stheworldstartedtochange．Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld．Peopledidn'thavetoexploremuchanymore．Theybegantoworkinsteadtomakelifebetter．

Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade．Amongthemwerethecamera，thelightandtheradio．Theseallplayabigpartinourdailylifetoday．

Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions．Thehelicopterin1909，movieswithsoundin1926，thecomputerin1928，jetplanesin1930．Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasfirstmade．Nyloncameoutin1935．Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewore．

Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseases．Theyworkedverywell．Theymadepeoplehealthierandallowedthemtolivelonger．Bythe1960smostpeoplecouldexpecttolivetobeatleast60．

Bythistimemostpeopleindevelopedcountrieshadaverygoodlife．Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade．Butmannowhadadesire（渴望）toexploreagain．Theearthwasknowntomanbutthestarswerenot．Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace．Russiamadethefirststep．ThenUnitedStatestookastep．Sincethenothercountries，includingChinaandJapan，havemadetheirownstepsintospace．

In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromtheearth．Americansfirstwalkedonthemoon．Thisiscertainlyjustabeginning，though．Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof．

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

（）1．Thispassagetalksmainlyabout_______．

A．whycarswereveryimportant

B．whenlightwasinvented

C．howinventionsaffectpeople'sdailylife

D．whichcountrymadethefirststepintospace

（）2．Accordingtothepassagemandidn'thaveadesiretoexplorealot_______．

A．atthebeginningof1800s

B．inthe1960s

C．sincethe1900s

D．fromthe1800sto1960s

（）3．Inthe1800s，peoplebegantoworkinordertomake_______．

A．explorations

B．theirlifebetter

C．discoveries

D．atriptospace

（）4．Nyloncameoutoffiveyearslaterthan_______．

A．radio

B．camera

C．jetplanes

D．movies

（）5．Peoplecanlivelongerlivesbecause_______thathelpcurediseaseshaveworkedverywell．

A．doctors

B．newways

C．medicines

D．newhospitals

解析

1．C根据整篇文章的内容和“Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsorthingsthatchangedthewaywelive．”可知文章主要讲述发明是怎样影响人们日常生活的，故正确答案为C。

2．A根据“Thenintheearly1800s...exploremuchanymore．”可以判断出正确答案为A。

3．B根据第“Theybegantoworkinsteadtomakelifebetter．”可知正确答案为B。

4．C根据“...jetplanesin1930．Thiswasalsoatime...Nyloncameoutin1935．”可知尼龙的发明要比喷气式飞机晚5年，故正确答案为C。

5．B根据“Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseases．”可知正确答案为B。

话题专练

一

Robotsarecomingintopeople'slivesthesedays．Robotshelppeoplealot．Japanesehousekeepingrobotscanmovechairs，sweepthefloor，takeawaydirtydishesandputdirtyclothesinwashingmachines．Intel，thefamouscomputermaker，hasdevelopedaself-controlledrobotcalledHerb．Herbcandosimplethingsthatpeopletellittodo，suchascleaningupwaste．

Recentlyalargerobotnamed"Probo"hasbeenhelpingchildrentofeellessworriedinhospital．Probohasatouchscreenonitsstomach．ThescreenteacheschildrenhowtouseProbo．Thegreenrobot'sfacecanmakeexpressionstoshowhowmedicaloperationswillmakethechildfeel．"Themainaimofthisprojectistomakeemotionalcommunication（情感交流）withchildren，"saidJelleSaldien，oneoftheresearchers．

ProbowasinventedbyIvanHermans，presidentoftheAntyFoundation．HehadtheideaafterseeingthefilmI，Robot．Probo'sgreenheadandshortnosearefullyautomated（使自动化）．Itstouchscreencanshowdifferentemotions，suchaspleasureandsadness，andcanalso"see"theexpressionsonhumanfacesandmakeeyecontact．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

（）1．Herbthatthefamouscomputermakerdevelopedis_______．

A．aman-controlledrobot

B．aself-controlledrobot

C．aJapanesebaby

D．averylargerobot

（）2．Probewasinventedinorderto_______．

A．lookafterchildreninhospital

B．teachchildrenhowtouseit

C．showexpressionstochildren

D．makeemotionalcommunicationwithchildren

（）3．_______madeIvanHermanshavetheideaaboutinventing"Probo"．

A．Herb

B．Childreninhospital

C．FilmI，Robot

D．Idon'tknow

（）4．Theauthorimplies（暗示）that_______．

A．theJapaneserobotcanhelpchildrentodotheirhomework

B．Herbcanhelppeopletodohousework

C．robotswilltaketheplaceofpeopleinthefuture

D．Ivanisaninventorandthepresidentofhiscountry

（）5．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat_______．

A．peoplearenotallowedtotouchProbe'sstomach

B．Probehastwokindsoffeeling：

happinessandsadness

C．whenaboyishappy，Probecanknowhowhefeels

D．ProboisoneoftherobotsinthefilmI，Robot

答案：

1．B根据短文第一段中“hasdevelopedaself-controlledrobotcalledHerb．”可知，Herb是一种自控机器人。

2．D根据短文第二段最后一句makeemotionalcommunicationwithchildren可知，创造“抱抱”机器人的主要目的是同孩子进行情感交流。

3．C根据短文最后一段内容可知，IvanHermans是在看了I，Robot这部影片后，得到的创造“抱抱”机器人的灵感。

4．B从整篇文章来看“机器人可以为人们做家务”，所以确定选B。

5．C根据短文可知，机器人Probo可以触摸；“抱抱”机器人不仅只有两种表情：

它不同于I，Robot影片中的机器人。

根据短文可知，“抱抱”机器人可以根据人的面部表情判断人的喜怒哀乐，故选C。

二

Kobian，aJapaneserobot，whichcanexpresssevenhumanemotions，hasbeenmadebyresearchersatauniversityofJapan．

Therobotcanexpresssevendifferentfeelings，includinghappiness，surprise，sadnessanddislike．Inordertousedifferentposestomatchthemood，Kobianusesmotorsinitsfacetomoveitslips，eyelidsandeyebrowsintodifferentpositions．

Toexpresshappiness，forexample，therobotputsitshandsoveritsheadandopensitsmouthandeyeswide．

Toshowsadness，Kobianhangsitsheadandholdsahanduptoitsfaceinagestureofsadness．

Kobiancanalsowalkaround，checkitsenvironmentanddosomework．Itishopeditwillbeagoodhelperforhumans．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

（）1．Kobiancanexpress_______humanemotions．

A．5B．6C．7D．8

（）2．Kobiancanuse_______tomatchthemood．

A．face

B．eyelidsandeyebrows

C．lips

D．motorsindifferentpositions

（）3．HowdoesKobianexpresssadness?

A．Itcanputitshandsoveritsheadandcry．

B．Itcanhangitsheadandholdahanduptoitsfaceinagestureofsadness．

C．Itcanfalldownitstears．

D．Itcanopenitsmouthandeyeswide．

（）4．Thelastparagraphmainlytellsus_______．

A．Kobiancanwalkaround

B．Kobiancancheckitsenvironment

C．Kobiancandosomework

D．Kobianwillbeagoodhelperforhumans．

（）5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTright?

A．KobianismadeinJapan．

B．Kobiandoessomehouseworkforhumanbeings．

C．Kobiancanuseexpressionstoitsheart．

D．Kobiancanexpresssevenhumanemotions，butitwon'ttaketheplaceofhumanbeings．

答案：

1．C短文中一、二两段都提到了这一点，可以表达七种人类情感。

2．D根据短文第二段最后一句内容可以确定本题答案。

3．B根据短文第四段的内容可以确定答案。

4．D根据最后一段内容可以看出，机器人能帮人类做很多事情，希望将来成为人类的好帮手。

5．C通读全文可以看出，机器人虽然能在很多方面代替人类工作，但是它没有思想，只是人类的工具。

三

Haveyoueverwishedtohaveanumbrellathatmakesyourhandsfree?

AlanKaufmanhascomeupwiththe"Nubrella"．whichmeans"new"+"umbrella"．Itisthefirsttrulyhands-freeumbrellaintheworld．Theinventorsaysthatitstopsrain，windandsnowandcankeepyourhead，faceandhairdry．

"Ineverplannedtoinventaproduct．Ijustnoticedaproblemandcameupwithasolution，"saidtheinventor．Theideafortheinventionbeganononerainyday．Mr．Kaufmanwasstandinginoneofhisstores．Hebegantolookatpeople'sumbrellas．Hefoundthattheyhadtotryveryhardtokeeptheirumbrellasintherightplace．Atthatmomentanideacameintohismind．Herantohisdeskanddrewapicture．Inthisway，theNubrellawasborn．

OnecoolfeatureoftheNubrellaisthatyoudon'tholditlikeanormalumbrella；youwearit．Theshoulderstraps（肩带）oftheNubrellaallowpeopletobefullyhands-free，sowhenwalkingintherainwiththeNubrella，youareabletouseyourcellphoneordrinkahotcupofcoffee．Also，theNubrellawillneverbeinverted（颠倒）inthewind．Thenewumbrellaisfarsaferthantraditionalones，becauseithasnosharppoints．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

（）1．"Nubrella"isakindof_______umbrella．

A．normal

B．hands-free

C．traditional

D．paper

（）2．Howcanyouusethe"Nubrella"?

A．YoucanweartheshoulderstrapsoftheNubrella．

B．YoucanputtheNubrellaonyourhead．

C．Youcanuseyourhandstocontrolit．

D．Youcanputitonyourbike．

（）3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTright?

A．"Nubrella"means"new"+"umbrella"．

B．Theideaofthenewumbrellacamefromtherainyday．

C．Whenyouarewalkingintherain，you'dbettertaketheNubrella．

D．IfyougooutwiththeNubrellaintherain，you'ddrinkahotcupofcoffee．

（）4．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat_______．

A．AlanKaufmanoftenusesumbrellasineverydaylife

B．thenewkindofumbrellawasinventedbyanumbrellastoreowner

C．theinventorthoughtforalongtimebeforeinventingtheNubrella

D．youcandootherthingswithyourhandswhenusingtheNubrella

（）5．Inwritingthispassage，theauthormainlyintends（意图）to_______．

A．introducethisnewkindofumbrellatopeoplewhoaresellingumbrellas

B．tellthereadersaboutagreatinventornamedAlanKaufman