高三英语题型专项突破检测4.docx

高三英语题型专项突破检测4.docx

《高三英语题型专项突破检测4.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语题型专项突破检测4.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

高三英语题型专项突破检测4

A

（2018·淮安市第二次调研测试）

FuelCellTechnologyforCars

Fillherupwithhydrogen?

That’swhatsomeCaliforniamotoristsmaybesayingsoon，ascarmakerstrytospeedupproductionofzeroemission（零排放）carstomeetstaterequirementsinthenearfuture.

BeneaththeskinofthisordinarylookingHondasFCXConceptVehiclesitsanelectrochemicalreactor：

ahandbuilt，astronomicallyexpensivepower_plantknownasafuelcell.It’sexpectedtoberunningordinaryfamilycarsonCalifornia’sroadswithinthreeyears.

Sowhatexactlyisafuelcell，anyway?

Whyaregovernments，privatebusinessesandacademicinstitutionscooperatingtodevelopandproducethem?

Afuelcell，verysimplydescribed，isapowergenerator，makingelectricitythroughthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygen.Fuelcellsgenerateelectricalpowerquietlyandefficiently，withoutpollution.Unlikepowersourcesthatusefossilfuels，theonlybyproductsfromanoperatingfuelcellareheatandwater.Tobemoretechnicalaboutit，ahydrogenatomwithitsoneelectron，attemptstopassthroughafuelcellmembrane（膜）tounitewithanoxygenatom.Themembraneallowsonlythehydrogenproton（质子）topassthrough，forcingitselectrontorunaroundthemembranetocatchupwiththeprotonontheotherside.Thiscreateselectricity，water，andheat，butnoexhaustemissions.

Ifthefuelcellispoweredwithpurehydrogen，ithasthepotentialtobeupto80percentefficient.Thatis，itturns80percentoftheenergycontentofthehydrogenintoelectricalenergy.However，westillneedtoturntheelectricalenergyintomechanicalwork.Thisisaccomplishedbytheelectricmotor.Areasonablenumberfortheefficiencyofthemotorisabout80percent.Sowehave80percentefficiencyingeneratingelectricity，and80percentefficiencyturningitintomechanicalpower.Thatgivesanoverallefficiencyofabout64percent.Honda’sFCXconceptvehiclereportedlyhas60percentenergyefficiency，whichistwiceoreventhreetimesmoreefficientthanusualcars.

Butinspiteofalltheadvantagesdescribedabove，expertssay，“Westillhavetechnicalchallengesgettingthisextremelycomplexsystemtoworkproperly，thewaycustomersexpectittowork.Therearechallengesinusingnewfuels，andprovidingthenewfuelbasicfacilities.Andbeforefuelcellvehicleshittheroad，therewillhavetobeanetworkofhydrogenstationsthatwillallowdriverstofillupwiththeflammablegas，under36hundredpoundsofpressure.”

【解题导语】　本文主要讲的是未来的新能源汽车的一些情况。

1．WhatcanbeinferredfromCalifornia’s“zeroemissionspolicy”？

A．Newcarswithfuelcelltechnologywillsurelybecomemuchcheaper.

B．Bycarryingoutthepolicy，trafficwillnotbesobusyasitisnow.

C．ThequalityoflifeinCaliforniawillimproveoncethispolicyisineffect.

D．Withfacilitiesofnewkinds，morelocalemploymentwillbecreated.

解析：

选C。

推理判断题。

如果汽车零排放政策生效后，那么市民的生活质量一定会提高，因为污染减少了，故答案选C。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“powerplant”inParagraph2referto?

A．Apowerdevicegeneratingelectricity.

B．Apowerstationprovidingelectricity.

C．Apowercomponentconsumingelectricity.

D．Apowerengineusingelectricity.

解析：

选A。

词义猜测题。

根据句子结构可知，powerplant就是指的后面的fuelcell（燃料电池），还有下段中Afuelcell，verysimplydescribed，isapowergenerator，makingelectricitythroughthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygen.故据此推断答案选A，一个发电装置。

3．Oneofthereasonswhyfuelcellpoweredvehiclesaresuperioristhat________．

A．theygiveoutalmostnowaterorheat

B．theyrunfasterandmoresmoothly

C．theygiveoutalmostnonoise

D．theyturn64%oftheenergyintoelectricity

解析：

选C。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的Fuelcellsgenerateelectricalpowerquietlyandefficiently，withoutpollution.可知答案选C，燃料电池发电安静、高效、无污染。

4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A．Customerswillnotthinkitagoodideatodevelopfuelcelltechnology.

B．Itisstillnotveryeasytospeedupproductionofzeroemissioncars.

C．Wecan’tignorethefinancialproblemstobuildanetworkofhydrogenstations.

D．Westillhavemuchdifficultyturningallthechainsofthebusinessintoreality.

解析：

选D。

细节理解题。

根据第一句话：

Butinspiteofalltheadvantagesdescribedabove，expertssay，“Westillhavetechnicalchallengesgettingthisextremelycomplexsystemtoworkproperly”可知，现在利用该项技术还有较大挑战。

故答案选D。

B

（2018·南京市三模）ELMONT，N.Y.（AP）ElmontHighSchoolseniorHaroldEkehhadaplan—hewouldapplyto13colleges，includingalleightIvyLeagueschools，figuringitwouldhelphischancesofgettingintoatleastonegreatschool.

Itworked.Andthensome，theteenagerfromLongIslandwasacceptedatall13schools，andnowfaceshisnextbigtest：

decidingwheretogo.

“Iwasstunned，Iwasreallyshocked，”EkehtoldTheAssociatedPressduringaninterviewTuesdayathishomeneartheBelmontParkracetrack，hisfouryoungerbrothersrunningaround.

HefoundoutlastweekhehadbeenacceptedtoPrincetonUniversity.ThatmadehimeightforeightintheIvyLeague—hehadalreadybeenacceptedtoYaleUniversity，BrownUniversity，ColumbiaUniversity，CornellUniversity，DartmouthCollege，HarvardUniversityandUniversityofPennsylvania.HisotheracceptancescamefromJohnsHopkinsUniversity，MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology，NewYorkUniversity，StonyBrookUniversityandVanderbiltUniversity.

“Wearesoproudofhim，”saidhismother，RoselineEkeh.“Hardwork，dedicationandprayerbroughthimtowhereheistoday.”

BorninNigeria，HaroldwaseightyearsoldwhenhisparentsbroughtthefamilytotheUnitedStates.

“Itwaskindofdifficultadjustingtothenewenvironmentandthenewculture，”hesaid.Buthesawhisparentsworkinghard，“andItooktheirexampleanddecidedtoapply_myself．”

Hereferencedthateffortinhiscollegeessay，writing，“Likeatree，uprootedandreplanted，IcouldhavewitheredinanewcountrysurroundedbypeopleandlanguagesIdidnotunderstand.Yet，Iwitnessedmyparentsperseveredespitethepotentialtogivein.Ifacedmychallengeswithnewfoundzeal;Iriskedinsults，spendingmybreaktalkingtounfamiliarfaces，ignoringtheirsarcasticremarks.”

“Haroldistremendouslyfocusedineverythinghedoes.”saidJohnCapozzi，theschool’sprincipal，“He’sagreatrolemodel.Allthestudentsandfacultyaresoproudofhim.”

HaroldisthesecondLongIslandstudentinasmanyyearstogetintoalleightIvies.Lastyear，WilliamFloydHighSchool’sKwasiEnimchosetogotoYale.

Harold，whohasa100.51gradepointaverageandwantstobeaneurosurgeon，saidhewasleaningtowardYale，andhadheardfromEnin，offeringcongratulations.LikeEnin，he’slikelytoannouncehiscollegechoiceatapressconferencelaterthismonth.ThedeadlinetodecideisMay.

5．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“applymyself”？

A．Workhard.

B．Writetothecollege.

C．Makeaformalrequest.

D．Makeanadjustment.

解析：

选A。

词义猜测题。

A.Workhard努力工作；B．Writetothecollege给大学写信；C.Makeaformalrequest做一个正式的要求；D．Makeanadjustment进行调整。

根据该划线短语前的hesawhisparentsworkinghard，“andItooktheirexample...”判断是努力工作。

故选A。

6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutHarold?

A．HewasborninaNigerianfamilyintheUS.

B．HeplantedatreeoncehemovedtotheUS.

C．Hewasalwayswelcomeandpopularinhisschools.

D．HepaidalottomakehiswaytooffersfromallIvies.

解析：

选D。

细节理解题。

根据题干关键词是Harold，找到文章的对应段落是第六段的BorninNigeria，HaroldwaseightyearsoldwhenhisparentsbroughtthefamilytotheUnitedStates.可排除A；根据文章第八段的第二、三句话排除B；根据文章第八段的Iwitnessedmyparentsperseveredespitethepotentialtogivein.Ifacedmychallengeswithnewfoundzeal;Iriskedinsults，spendingmybreaktalkingtounfamiliarfaces，ignoringtheirsarcasticremarks.可知Harold在学校遭受的困难，排除C；根据文章的第五段RoselineEkeh.“Hardwork，dedicationandprayerbroughthimtowhereheistoday.”可知Harold付出了很多，故选D。

7．Haroldisprobablygoingto________．

A．Harvard　　　　　　　　B．Princeton

C．YaleD．MIT

解析：

选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段的Harold，whohasa100.51gradepointaverageandwantstobeaneurosurgeon，saidhewasleaningtowardYale，andhadheardfromEnin，offeringcongratulations.可知Harold很可能选择去耶鲁大学。

故选C。

8．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A．Toomanycooksspoilthesoup.

B．Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.

C．Onecankilltwobirdswithonestone.

D．Chancefavorsonlythepreparedmind.

解析：

选D。

推理判断题。

A.Toomanycooksspoilthesoup.厨子越多，汤越难喝；B．Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好；C.Onecankilltwobirdswithonestone.一个人能一石二鸟；D．Chancefavorsonlythepreparedmind.机会只会垂青有准备的头脑。

通读全文，根据Harold的经历的磨难和付出的努力可判断是机会只会垂青有准备的头脑。

故选D。

C

（2018·泰州市二模）Themostcomplexobjectknowntohumanityisthehumanbrain—andnotonlyisitcomplex，butitisoneofthefewnaturalphenomenathatsciencehasnoconsciousnessof.Totrytoreplicate（复制）somethingthatissopoorlyunderstoodmaythereforeseemlikepride.Butyouhavetostartsomewhere，andInternationalBusinessMachines（IBM）andtheEcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne（EPFL），inSwitzerland，proposetostartbyreplicating“insilico”，oneofthebrain’sbuildingblocks.

Inapartnershipannounced，thetwoorganizationssaidtheywouldbeworkingtogethertobuildasimulation（模拟）ofastructureknownasaneocortical（新大脑皮质的）columnonatypeofIBMsupercomputerthatiscurrentlyusedtostudythemolecularfunctioningofgenes.Ifthatworks，theyplantousemorepowerfulcomputerstolinksuchsimulatedcolumnstogetherintosomethingthatmimics（模仿）abrain.

Inarealbrain，aneocorticalcolumnisacylindrical（圆柱形的）elementaboutathirdofamillimeterindiameterandthreemillimeterslong.Itisthesecolumns，arrangedsidebysidelikethecellsofahoneycomb，whichmakeupthefamous“greymatter”thathasbecomeshorthandforhumanintelligence.TheBlueGene/Lsupercomputerthatwillbeusedforthesimulationconsistsofenoughindependentprocessorsforeachtobeprogrammedtomimicanindividualnervecellinacolumn.