词归类高考英语核心动词归类.docx

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词归类高考英语核心动词归类

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高考英语核心动词归类

动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分。

此外,英语动词的变化较多,形式颇为复杂,是英语学习的难点之一。

历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点,

在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。

笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析,归纳常考动词十五类,供大家参考。

一、连系动词类

连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:

1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。

2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。

3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。

4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear,seem,look等。

连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。

除了少数几个(如feel,get,become,grow等)外,不用于进行时态和被动结构。

例如:

Themixtureistastedterrible.(误)

Themixturetastesterrible(正)

Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.(误)

Jimpretendedtofall/besleepwhenhismothercamein.(正)

I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.

Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.

【高考例题】

(1)[NMET1994]—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,it_____verysoft.

A.isfeeling  B.felt  C.feels  D.isfelt

(2)[NMET2003]Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?

Itwill_____freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayed    B.stay

C.bestaying    D.havestayed

(3)[2004春上海]Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_____astheplanewasmakingalanding.

A.seat B.seating C.seated D.tobeseating

(4)[2002北京]Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay_____runoverbyacar.

A.have  B.get C.become  D.passed

(5)[2004天津]Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhave_____twenty-onealready.

A.becomeB.turned  C.grown D.passed

(6)[2004全国Ⅱ]Sarah,hurryup.I′mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.

A.getchanged      B.getchange

C.getchanging      D.gettochange

(7)[2004湖北]Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_____pale.

A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared

(8)[2004上海]Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

(9)[2002春上海]Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_____poor.

A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues

(10)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.

A.does  B.feels  C.gets  D.makes

(11)[2005浙江]—Owe!

I'veburnedmyself!

—Howdidyoudothat?

—I_____ahotpot.

A.touched  B.kept  C.felt  D.held

Key:

CBCBBACBBBA

二、感官动词类

常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。

感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。

1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。

Ioftenheardthesongsung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.

Whenyougotowatchthefootballwatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin.

2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。

Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletontashoutofjoy.

Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.

3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。

Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.

AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.

【高考例题】

(1)[NMET2000]Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.

A.carryout    B.carryingout

C.carriedout   D.tocarryout

(2)[NMET2003]Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.

A.smoke     B.smoking

C.tosmoke    D.smoked

(3)Themissingboyswerelastseen_______neartheriver.

A.playing     B.tobeplaying

C.play      D.toplay

(4)[NMET1993]Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaught______andletheroff.

A.tohavestolen   B.tobestealing

C.tosteal     D.stealing

(5)[2004春北京]Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.

A.put       B.tobeputting

C.toput      D.putting

Key:

CBADD

三、使役动词类

表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。

使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。

分以下三种情况。

1.make,lethave等后接不带to的不定式,表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。

Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto.

Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justletmeknow.

在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被动结构中。

Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.

2.have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接v.-ing形式,表持续性动作。

I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.

Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?

3.have,keep,leave等后接v-ed形式,表被动含义。

Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.

I’llkeepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews.

【高考例题】

(1)[2004天津]Don'tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.run  B.runnigC.beingrun D.torun

(2)[2004重庆]Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

A.worried    B.toworry

C.worrying     D.worry

(3)[2003春安徽]—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?

—Ileftmyfriend______there.

A.waitingB.towaitC.wait D.waits

(4)[NMET1991]Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire______allnight.

A.toburn B.burn C.burning D.burned

(5)[NMET1989]—Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?

—I'dliketohavethispackage______,madam.

A.beweighed    B.weighing

C.weighed     D.toweigh

(6)[NMET1991]Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself.

A.hear  B.tohear  C.hearing  D.heard

(7)[1994上海]Asyouhaveneverbeentherehefore,I'llhavesomeone_______youtheway.

A.show       B.toshow

C.showing     D.showed

(8)[NMET1995]Pauldoesn'thavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning

(9)[1999上海]Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople______.

A.haveitdo    B.haveitdone

C.havedoneit   D.havingitdone

(10)[1998上海]Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______wentwrong.

A.it      B.itrepaired

C.repaired    D.toberepaired

(11)[2005福建]IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI'mout,______himorherleaveamessase.

A.have   B.get  C.ask   D.tell

Key:

BCACCDABACA

四、含情感色彩的动词

这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。

情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语,有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式,在句中作宾语和表语,v.-ing形式指人,v.-ed形式则指事物。

Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.

Whatdisappointingresult!

Wewerealldisappointedwithit.

Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.

[高考例题]

(l)[2000春北京]Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes_____hisboss.

A.serves B.satisfies C.promises D.supports

(2)[2002春NMET]—l'mvery_____vithmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.

—Mm,itdoeshavea_____smell.

A.pleasant;pleased   B.pleased;pleased

C.pleasant;pleasant   D.pleased;pleasant

(3)[2003春北京]Mr.Smith,_____ofthe_____speech,startedtoreadanovel.

A.tired;boring     B.tiring;bored

C.tired;bored     D.tiring;boring

(4)[2003上海]Itisbelievedthatifabookis______,itwillsurely____thereader.

A.interested;interest

B.interesting;beinterested

C.interested;beinteresting 

D.interesting;interest

(5)[2004春上海]Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome________.

A.beingexhausted  B.exhausted

C.exhausting    D.havingexhausted

Key:

BDADB

五、后接不定式动词类

afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词,后跟不定式作宾语。

Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.

Helearnedtorideabieyclewhenhewasasmallboy.

(1)[NMET1995]Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.

A.havingmet    B.meeting

C.tomeet      D.tohavemet

(2)[NMET1992]LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.

A.tobetaken      B.totake

C.beingtaken    D.taking

(3)[2004辽宁]Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen______,butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.

A.tobeheard    B.tobehearing

C.tohear      D.tohaveheard

(4)[NMET1989]Shepretended______mewhenIpassedby.

A.nottosee     B.notseeing

C.tonotsee     D.havingnotseen

(5)[2001上海]Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.

A.totell       B.tobetold

C.tobetelling     D.tohavebeentold

(6)[2005天津]Idon'twant_____likeI'mspeakingillofanybody.butthemanager'splanisunfair.

A.tosound      B.tobesounded

C.sounding      D.tohavesounded

Key:

CADADA

六、后边v.-ing形式动词类

该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postphone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等。

这些动词须接v.-ing形式作宾语。

例如:

Idon'tmindwailing,butI'vegottostandinthecoldwind.

Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?

OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglishevery,daycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.

【高考例题】

(1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.

A.youtocall    B.youcall

C.yourcalling   D.you'recalling

(2)[1996上海]Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp_____

intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.

A.topersuade     B.persuading

C.beingpersuaded   D.bepersuaded

(3)[1992上海]Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis_____Dr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.

A.beencalled      B.called

C.beingcalled     D.havingcalled

(4)[2004上海]Ireallyappreciate______torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.

A.tohavehadtime    B.havingtime

C.tohavetime     D.tohavingtime

(5)[1994上海]Doyoumind_____aloneathome?

A.Janeleaving     B.Janehavingleft

C.Jane'sbeingleft    D.Janetobeleft

(6)[NMET1991]IcanhardlyimaginePeter_____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

A.sail         B.tosail

C.sailing       D.tohavesailed

Key:

CBCBCC

七、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类

remember,try,regret,meanforget,stop,goon,can'thelp等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语,表达含义不同。

见下表:

动词

接动名词作宾语

接不定式作宾语

remember

过去发生的动作

将来的动作

try

尝试做某事

努力做某事

regret

对做过的事表示后悔

对要做的事表示遗憾

mean

意味着做某事

企图(打算)做某事

can'thelp

禁不住做某事

不能帮助做某事

goon

继续做未完成的事情

做完一件事后,接着做另一件事

forget

忘记以前曾做过某事

忘记做某事

stop

中断正在做的事情

中断正在做的事,去做别的事

例如:

Irememberbeingpad,butI'veforgottentheexactamount.

Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwriteto

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