英语语言学精品考研试题.docx
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英语语言学精品考研试题
ModelTest1
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.()Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.
A.particularB.general
C.ordinaryD.generative
2.()__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.
A.PhonesB.Sounds
C.PhonemesD.Speechsounds
3.()Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.
A.simpleB.complete
C.complexD.coordinate
4.()Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisa__________systemofgrammaticalknowledge.
A.phraseB.sentence
C.ruleD.symbol
5.()“Ilikethisshirtverymuch.”has__________arguments.
A.oneB.two
C.threeD.four
6.()Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes__________.
A.asentenceB.anact
C.aunitD.anutterance
7.()___________involvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.
A.ApocopeB.Epenthesis
C.MetathesisD.Assimilation
8.()Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.
A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics
9.()For__________,thinkingwasasystemofmovementsthathadbeenreducedfromactualspeechtothepointwheretheywerenolongervisible.
A.WatsonB.Plato
C.AristotleD.Bloomfield10.()Themeaningofawordorphrasedependslargelyonthecommunicative
__________.
A.contentB.context
C.responseD.answer
II.Directions:
Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.Languageisasystemconsistingoftwos__________ofstructures,ortwolevels.
12.Englishisani__________language.
13.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.
14.Wordsandphrasesareorganizedaccordingtothesyntacticc__________.
15.P__________structurerulesallowustobetterunderstandhowwordsandphrasesformsentences,andsoon.
16.P__________canbedefinedasthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.
17.Mostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsgiverisetoc__________implicatures.
18.Manylanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeoff__________.
19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,calledh_________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.
20.Whenwelisten,thewordisheardandcomprehendedviaW__________area.
Ⅲ.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
21.()Inlinguistics,asinanyotherdiscipline,dataandtheorystandinadialecticalcomplementation.
22.()Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive,butsometimesprescriptive.23.()Distinctivefeaturesarethesametoanylanguage.
24.()Oneoftheclausesinacoordinatesentenceissubordinatetotheother.
25.()InEnglishandmanyotherlanguages,thesubjectusuallyfollowstheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyprecedestheverb.
26.()SpeechacttheorywasproposedbytheBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthelate1950s.
27.()Themostvigorousandongoingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.
28.()Acreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.
29.()Aristotlesuggestedthatthoughtwasthesoul'sdiscoursewithitself.
30.()SLAstandsforsecondlanguageacquisition.
IV.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)
31.designfeatures
32.freemorpheme
33.synonymy
34.predication
35.slang
36.Moveα
37.semanticshift
38.speechcommunity
39.cerebralcortex
40.overtthought
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)
41.Whyisproductivityuniquetolanguage?
42.HowisSaussure'sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparolesimilartoChomsky'sdistinstionbetweencompetenceandperformance?
ModelTest2
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.()A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.central
C.frontD.middle
2.()Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.
A.[i:
]B.[ɔ:
]
C.[ɑ:
]D.[u:
]
3.()Anembeddedclausefunctionsasa__________unitinitsmatrixclause.A.structuralB.grammatical
C.lexicalD.linear
4.()Phrasestructureruleshave__________properties.
A.recursiveB.grammatical
C.doubleD.many5.()Dialectalsynonymsaresynonymsusedindifferent__________dialects.A.personalB.regional
C.socialD.professional
6.()__________resultedmainlyfromtheexpansionofthestudyoflinguistics,especiallythatofsemantics.
A.PragmaticsB.Pragmatism
C.PhonologyD.Practicalism7.()Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.
A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematic
C.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic
8.()Todate,about__________languagefamilieshavebeendocumentedinhistoricallinguisticliterature.
A.thirtyB.forty
C.fiftyD.sixty
9.()Languagedisorderresultingfromadamageto______areainthebrainrevealsword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax.
A.Wernicke'sB.Broca's
C.Gage'sD.Genie's10.()Thedevelopmentoflinguisticskillsinvolvestheacquisitionof__________rulesrather
thanthemerememorizationofwordsandsentences.
A.morphologicalB.grammaticalC.linguisticD.syntactic
II.Directions:
Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.IPAstandsforInternationalPhoneticA__________.
12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds__________features.
13.Semantically,themeaningofac__________isoftenidiomatic,notalwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.
14.Phrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthel__________,generatesentencesatthelevelofDstructure.
15.Insemanticanalysis,p__________istheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.
16.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentr__________indifferentsituations.
17.C__________isaprocessofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonelexicalunit.
18.P__________studieslanguageinrelationtothemind.
19.Researchhasshownthatdifferentaspectsoflanguageprocessingappeartobemorecharacteristicofthel__________hemispherethantheother.
20.Thedevelopmentofafirstornativelanguageiscalledfirstlanguagea_________.
Ⅲ.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
21.()Thewritingsystemofanylanguageisalwaysalaterinvention,usedtorecordthespeech.
22.()Bothphonologyandphoneticsarestudiesofspeechsounds.
23.()Therootofawordisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
24.()Somelanguageshavewaysofreferringtosomeentity,somelanguagesdon't.
25.()Referenceistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersareinterestedin.
26.()Alocutionaryactistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.
27.()Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange.
28.()SAEstandsforStandardAmericanEnglish.
29.()Thelanguagesystemprovidesallspecificsofone'sworldview.
30.()Alargeproportionofgrammaticalerrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitioncanbeexplainedbymothertongueinterference.
IV.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)
31.narrowtranscription
32.simplesentence
33.hyponymy
34.compounding
35.euphemism
36.morpheme
37.reference
38.context
39.creole
40.subvocalspeech
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)
41.Whatarethemajorbranchesoflinguistics?
Whatdoeseachofthemstudy?
42.Whyissyntaxregardedasasystemofrules?
ModelTest3
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.()Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthe__________investigationoflanguagedata.
A.symbolicB.systemic
C.systematicD.system
2.()__________ar