高考英语语法复习学案.docx
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高考英语语法复习学案
高考英语语法复习学案
五大基本句型
1.主(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句)——谓(vi.)(如:
come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)
(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.
(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.
2.主----谓(vt.如:
visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)---宾(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句)
(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.
(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.
(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.
3.主-------谓(vt.)------间接宾语(sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)
(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:
send,pass,hand,show
(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:
make,get,cook,call,find
(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb
(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?
(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.
(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.
(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?
(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.
(6).Passmethepaper,please.
(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.
4.主----谓(vt.)-----宾-----补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth----如:
ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如:
“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”;have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)
(1).Isawherenterthelab.
(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.
(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.
(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.
(5).I'llhavethebikerepaired.
(6).Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.
(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.
(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.
(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.
(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.
(11).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.
(12).Iwishyoutogowithme.
(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.
(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.
(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.
5.主-----系
(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。
(1).Thenewswasexciting.
(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.
(3).Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.
(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.
(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.
(6).Themusicsoundssweet.
(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.
(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.
(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.
(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.
(11).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.
(12).I'minterestedinthestory.
(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比较:
Heturnedwriterin1960.
(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.(成为)
希望你能熟记上述经典例句,真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。
定语从句
1.什么叫定语从句?
先行词?
引导词?
定语从句的位置如何?
(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.
(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?
(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.
(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.
(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?
(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.
(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.
2.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:
(1).who--指人,在从句中作主语。
(2).whom--指人,在从句中作宾语。
(3).whose--指人或物,在从句中作定语。
(4).which---指物,在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用(this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。
(5).that--指人或物,在从句指作主语或宾语。
(5)as---指人或物,在从句中作主、宾、表,既可以引导限制性定语从句(thesame-----as,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句(位置灵活).
3个关系副词:
(1).when--指时间,在从句中作时间状语。
(2).where--指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
(3).why--指原因,在从句中作原因状语。
注意:
判断用关系代词还是用关系副词,主要取决于什么?
取决于引导词在从句中所充当的成分:
若引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语时,须用关系代词;若引导词在从句中充当状语时,须用关系副词。
(1).I'llneverforgettheday_____yousavedme.
That'sthespecialday_______I'llneverforget.
(2).Thisisthehouse_____myauntlivedlastyear.
Thisisthehouse______myauntboughtlastyear.
(3).We'llvisitthevillage,______wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.
We'llvisitthevillage,______afamousbattleoncetookplace.
(4).Oct.1,1949wastheday______we'llneverforget.
Oct.1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.
(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此时我决定回家
(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.
(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.
3.一般来说,that/which都可以指物(可互用),但在下列情况下,必须用that指物,不用which.
(1).当先行词本身为不定代词时:
all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.
(2).当先行词被adj最高级/序数词修饰时。
(3).当先行词被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修饰时。
(1).Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.
Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.
ThisisthelasttimethatI'llgiveyoualesson.
ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.
Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(关系代词在从句中作表语时)
4.As引导的定语从句:
(as在定语从句中必须充当成分:
主语、宾语、表语)
(1).Thesame--------as--------
(2).Such----------as--------
(3).As-clause,main-clause.==Main-clause,as-clause.
(4).such/as-------as-------
(5)as/so------as--------
(1).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.
(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
(6).Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).
(7).Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.
(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.
Asweallknow,airisagas.
Air,asweknow,isagas.
(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.
比较:
Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
注意:
1.as引导的非限制性定语从句常有,只能指代整个主句的内容,不能指代单个先行词:
“如同-------那样”:
asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所预料的那样),asisoftenthecase(情况常常是这样),
2.which在非限制性定语从句中,既可以指代整个主句,也可以指代单个先行词。
指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时,不可用as代替which.
3.在非限制性定语从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语,也可作实义动词的主语,而as只能作系动词be的主语。
(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.
(2)Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.
(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.
5.特殊的句型
(1).Doallonecantodosth.
Dowhatonecantodosth.
Do/tryone'sbesttodosth.
(2).Idon'tliketheway(that)youwalk
Idon'tliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.
(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.
This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.
(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.
Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfacessouth.
Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.
(6)比较:
Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.
Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.
Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.
(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.
Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.
注意:
(1)No/never/not--------先行词-------But----=that------not或who------not:
“没有--------不----的”
(2)当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage 等名词时,表示情况、方面、处境时,用关系副词where.但先行词是occasion时,用关系副词when.
(!
)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidn'tadmirehim.
(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.
(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesn'tholdgood.(适用)
(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.
(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.
(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,_____shewantedtobe.
A.who B.what C.that D.which(关系代词指代人的职业、身份)
6.相似结构,注意辨别:
(1)*Isthismuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?
*Isthisthemuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?
*Isthismuseum________theystayedyesterday?
*Itwasthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.
*Itwasinthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.
*Itwasinthemuseum_____youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.
(2).Shelivedinthehouse________sheusedtolive.
_________sheusedtolivein.
_________sheusedtodropin.
_________sheusedtovisit.
_________windowswerebroken.
thewindows______werebroken.
and__________windowswerebrokken.
_____thebrokenwindows.
A.where B.inwhich C.atwhich D.that E.which F.its G.with
H.ofwhich I.whose J.不填 K.theone(that)
(3).______isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.
______isknownthathehasgonetocollege.
_____isknown,hehasgonetocollege.
Weallknow_______hehasgonetocollege.
Hehasgonetocollege,________madeussurprised.
Hehasgonetocollegeand_____madeussurprised.
Hehasgonetocollege,_____surprisedus.
Hehasgonetocollege,______Iamsurprisedat.
_____surprisedusmostwas______hehasgonetocollege.
A.It B.As C.Which D.What E.that
(4).Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllike.
Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.
Heissuchagoodteacher,_____weallknow.
Heisagoodteacher,_____makesusrespecthim.
A.as B.that C.which
(5).HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_________hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.
HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______wasimportantforhim.
HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______hewasalreadyinhisfifties.
HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_____hebecamefamous.
Itwasin1984_____hearrivedinBeijing.
A.when B.where C.which D.there E.that
名词性从句
(一)、什么叫名词性从句?
名词性从句在复句中的位置如何?
1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.
(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.
(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.
(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.
(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.