18学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量评估5.docx

1、18学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量评估5单元质量评估(一)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。ACheck out our top 5 weather apps(应用程序)for your smartphones，which will keep you one step ahead of nature.Tornado Warning and Alert AppThis app from the American Red Cr

2、oss tracks a tornado as it approaches with step-by-step advice about what to do before the storm hits.A siren warning is built into the app and goes off when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issues a tornado warning in your area.The Weather Channel AppThis app includes weather for

3、ecasts from more than 200 meteorologists and lets you check what kind of weather lays ahead，complete with storm prediction maps.The Weather Channel App also alerts users to storm warnings in the area. Lightening FinderIf the goal is to get to the storm，rather than avoid it，this app is here to help.T

4、he Lightening Finder colourcodes the age of the lightening bolt，and estimates a safe distance from which to watch it.NOAA Weather Radio HDThis app broadcasts radio reports from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings，w

5、atches，advisories，and forecasts.Push notifications alert you to serious storm warnings in your area even when you are not currently using the application.The app also gives detailed four-day forecasts based on your GPS coordinates，or a chosen location.Dark SkyStay dry with Dark Sky，which offers weat

6、her reports，including minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location.To keep its predictions as accurate as possible，this app forecasts only one hour into the future.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了五种应用程序。1If you want to keep track of daily weather changes，you may choose _ALightening FinderBThe Weather Cha

7、nnel AppCTornado Warning and Alert AppDNOAA Weather Radio HD解析：细节理解题。根据NOAA Weather Radio HD中的“This app broadcasts.and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings”可知，该软件可以提供一天24小时的天气状况，故选D项。答案：D2Which of the following is TRUE about Dark Sky?AIt is especially suitable to predict

8、 wet days.BIt provides more services than the others.CIt only offers accurate prediction for your area.DIt keeps you aware of the weather days ahead.解析：细节理解题。根据Dark Sky中的“minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location”可知，A项正确，而C项错误；B项文中没提到；根据最后一句“this app forecasts only one hour into the fu

9、ture”可知，D项也是错误的。答案：A3The main differences of the five apps lie in _Ausers phones Busers locationsCtheir images Dtheir functions解析：综合判断题。从对五种软件的介绍可以明显看出，它们的功能各不相同，故选D项。答案：DBAll those Christmas toys and books may spread more than good cheer.A new study has concluded that two common bacteria that cause

10、 colds，ear infections，and sore throats can live for long periods on the surfaces of toys，books，and other child-related items，even after being cleaned.The findings，published in the journal Infection and Immunity and reported by Medical Xpress，show some bacteria continue to exist on surfaces for far l

11、onger than has been believed.The researchers said they had drawn a conclusion that additional precautions(预防)may be necessary to prevent infections，especially in settings such as schools，daycare centres，and hospitals.“These findings should make us more cautious about bacteria in the environment sinc

12、e they change our ideas about how these particular bacteria are spread，”said Anders Hakansson，assistant professor of microbiology and immunology in the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.“This is the first paper to directly study that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces，in

13、cluding hands，and potentially spread between individuals.”Spneumoniae is widespread in daycare centres and a common cause of hospital infections；Hakansson explained to us that it commonly causes sore throats and skin infections in children and adults.To reach their conclusions，the UB researchers tes

14、ted the surfaces of toys in a daycare centre.They found four out of five toys tested positive for Spneumoniae and several surfaces，such as beds，tested positive for Spyogenes，even after being cleaned.The testing was done just before the centre opening in the morning so it had been many hours since th

15、e last human contact.“Bacterial colonization(细菌定植)doesnt，by itself，cause infection but its a necessary first step if an infection is going to become established in a human host，”he explains.“Children，the elderly and others with compromised immune systems(缺乏抵抗力的免疫系统)are easily infected.”【语篇解读】一项新的研究得

16、出结论：一些常见的如引起感冒、耳部感染和喉咙痛的细菌，可以长时间存在于书籍、玩具或其他与儿童相关物品的表面，即使被清洗后也是如此。4According to Anders Hakansson，we can infer that _Athe findings make us sense the danger of the bacteria on giftsBthe findings change peoples attitude to bacteria infectionCthe existence of bacteria on gifts wasnt formally concernedDth

17、e bacteria will spread through gifts faster than through individuals解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“This is the first paper to directly study that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces.”可知，这是第一次关于细菌会在玩具或书本等不同表面停留很久的报告。由此可推知，此前这个问题并没有被如此正式地关注过。答案：C5The underlined word in the fourth paragraph probably re

18、fers to _Aan illness Ba bacteriumCa toy Dan infection解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知本文指出一些常见的细菌会长时间存在于书籍等儿童物品的表面，另外根据画线词下文“.it commonly causes sore throats and skin infections in children and adults.”可知，它通常会引起咽喉痛和皮肤感染。由此可猜测画线词是一种细菌的名称。答案：B6From the last two paragraphs，we can know that _Aadults wont be easily inf

19、ected even if their immune systems are weakBthe testing was done just after the daycare centre openingCinfection of bacteria cant happen without bacterial colonizationDresearchers found half of the toys were infected by Spneumoniae解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“.its a necessary first step if an infection is going

20、to become established in a human host.”可知，细菌定植是细菌在人体宿主内产生感染的必要的第一步，也就是说如果没有细菌定植就不会有细菌的感染。答案：C7Whats the best title of the passage?AAway off the toys，books or other giftsBBacteria and immune systemsCThe importance of keeping toys cleanDSpread of infectious bacteria via toys and books解析：标题判断题。根据首段以及全文

21、内容可知，本文主要介绍了玩具以及书成为传播传染性细菌的媒介这一研究成果。答案：DCMore than half a century ago，there were 4，000 drive-in movie theatres in the United States，and watching a movie from your car was a popular way to spend an evening.But with the number of drive-ins reduced to just a few hundred，outdoor movies have been popping

22、 up across the nation.Going to an open-air theatre has become a modern summer pastime for an increasing number of movie fans.In recent years，outdoor movie screenings have come up in parks，vacant lots and shopping malls around the nation.On average，about 1，000 people attend each movie night.It attrac

23、ts a lot of young professionals，young workers and residents nearby.For some，the outdoor movies bring back the memories of the drive-in theatres of their youths.But for the majorities，they think it is comparable to the atmosphere of drive-ins，as they can bring friends，food，good wine，and watch the mov

24、ie together.The returning of Americans love affair with outdoor movies makes Stephen Bastas ever busier.His seven-member crew sets up screens in various locations mostly in the Washington area every day throughout the summer.They are doing pretty well and they hope to continue the trend.And it looks

25、 like they are going to.Thats because many fans say there is nothing like watching a movie on a breezy summer evening under the stars.【语篇解读】最近几年，越来越多的人喜欢观看露天电影。一部分人是因为童年的记忆，大部分人是因为喜欢露天电影舒服的氛围。8In the first paragraph，the author tries to tell us _Aoutdoor movies attract more movie-loversBsummer brings

26、 back more drive-in movie fansCdrive-in movie theatres have already disappearedDwatching a movie from your car is becoming more popular解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知，露天电影越来越受欢迎，故A项正确。答案：A9Most people choose to go to an outdoor movie mainly because they can _Ahave snacks before the movieBcheer up with young f

27、riends Cbring back good old daysDenjoy the casual atmosphere解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，对于大多数人而言，他们喜欢露天电影舒服的氛围，故D项正确。答案：D10From the text，we can learn that Stephen Bastas is most probably _Aa movie makerBan outdoor movie fanCa movie directorDan open-air theatre operator解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句“His seven-member

28、crew sets up screens.throughout the summer”可推断，斯蒂芬是一位露天电影戏剧院的经营者，故D项正确。答案：D11How does Stephen Bastas feel about the future of outdoor movies?AOptimistic. BAmazed.CWorried. DDisappointed.解析：态度推断题。根据最后一段的第三、四句“They are doing pretty well and they hope to continue the trend.And it looks like they are go

29、ing to”可知，斯蒂芬对露天电影的未来非常看好，故A项正确。答案：ADChina started 32 high-speed train routes on December 10，2014.New high-speed train lines are part of the governments plan to double the size of the national rail network.The network extension(延长)includes a link between the biggest city Shanghai and the manufacturi

30、ng city of Guangzhou right next to Hong Kong.The 1，106-mile route cuts the journey time down to 6 hours and 51 minutes，instead of the 16 hours it previously took.China has the worlds largest high-speed rail network，which keeps the growing population and economy connected.The countrys two largest tra

31、in makers are in the process of combining to create a more competitive company，both internationally and nationally，reports in October said.The worlds fastest passenger train is also in Chinathe Shanghai Maglev Train(磁悬浮列车)can reach speeds of over 430 kilometres(260 miles)per hour.Authorities in China have big dreams for the transport network，hoping links with Asian neighbours，Russia and even the United States and the United Kingdom.Chinas ambition could be limited by a series of cancelled contracts.In October，Mexico unexpectedly cancelled a $3.75 billion high-speed train deal wit