18学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量评估5.docx
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18学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量评估5
单元质量评估
（一）
时间：
100分钟 分数：
120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
A
Checkoutourtop5weatherapps（应用程序）foryoursmartphones，whichwillkeepyouonestepaheadofnature.
TornadoWarningandAlertApp
ThisappfromtheAmericanRedCrosstracksatornadoasitapproacheswithstep-by-stepadviceaboutwhattodobeforethestormhits.AsirenwarningisbuiltintotheappandgoesoffwhentheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationissuesatornadowarninginyourarea.
TheWeatherChannelApp
Thisappincludesweatherforecastsfrommorethan200meteorologistsandletsyoucheckwhatkindofweatherlaysahead，completewithstormpredictionmaps.TheWeatherChannelAppalsoalertsuserstostormwarningsinthearea.
LighteningFinder
Ifthegoalistogettothestorm，ratherthanavoidit，thisappisheretohelp.TheLighteningFindercolourcodestheageofthelighteningbolt，andestimatesasafe
distancefromwhichtowatchit.
NOAAWeatherRadioHD
ThisappbroadcastsradioreportsfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration，andgivesyouaround-the-clockupdatesonthelatestwe
atherwarnings，watches，advisories，andforecasts.Pushnotificationsalertyoutoseriousstormwarningsinyourareaevenwhenyouarenotcurrentlyusingtheapplication.Theappalsogivesdetailedfour-dayforecastsbasedonyourGPScoordinates，orachosenlocation.
DarkSky
StaydrywithDarkSky，whichoffersweatherreports，includingminute-by-minuterainforecastsforyourexactlocation.Tokeepitspredictionsasaccurateaspossible，thisappforecastsonlyonehourintothefuture.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，介绍了五种应用程序。
1．Ifyouwanttokeeptrackofdailyweatherchanges，youmaychoose________．
A．LighteningFinder
B．TheWeatherChannelApp
C．TornadoWarningandAlertApp
D．NOAAWeatherRadioHD
解析：
细节理解题。
根据NOAAWeatherRadioHD中的“Thisappbroadcasts...andgivesyouaround-the-clockupdatesonthelatestweatherwarnings”可知，该软件可以提供一天24小时的天气状况，故选D项。
答案：
D
2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDarkSky?
A．Itisespeciallysuitabletopredictwetdays.
B．Itprovidesmoreservicesthantheothers.
C．Itonlyoffersaccuratepredictionforyourarea.
D．Itkeepsyouawareoftheweatherdaysahead.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据DarkSky中的“m
inute-by-minuterainforecastsforyourexactlocation”可知，A项正确，而C项错误；B项文中没提到；根据最后一句“thisappforecastsonlyonehourintothefuture”可知，D项也是错误的。
答案：
A
3．Themaindifferencesofthefiveappsliein________．
A．users'phonesB．users'locations
C．theirimagesD．theirfunctions
解析：
综合判断题。
从对五种软件的介绍可以明显看出，它们的功能各不相同，故选D项。
答案：
D
B
AllthoseChristmastoysandbooksmayspreadmorethangoodcheer.Anewstudyhasconcludedthattwocommonbacteriathatcausecolds，earinfections，andsorethroatscanliveforlongperiodsonthesurfacesoftoys，books，andotherchild-relateditems，evenafterbeingcleaned.
Thefindings，publishedinthejournalInfectionandImmunityandreportedbyMedicalXpress，showsomebacteriacontinuetoexistonsurfacesforfarlongerthanhasbeenbelieved.
Theresearcherssaidtheyhaddrawnaconclusionthatadditionalprecautions（预防）maybenecessarytopreventinfections，especiallyinsettingssuchasschools，daycarecentres，andhospitals.“Thesefindingsshouldmakeusmorecautiousaboutbacteriaintheenvironmentsincetheychangeourideasabouthowtheseparticularbacteriaarespread，”saidAndersHakansson，assistantprofessorofmicrobiologyandimmunologyintheUBSchoolofMedicineandBiomedicalSciences.“Thisisthefirstpapertodirectlystudythatthesebacteriacansurvivewellonvarioussurfaces，includinghands，andpotentiallyspreadbetweenindividuals.”
S．pneumoniaeiswidespreadindaycarecentresandacommoncauseofhospitalinfections；Hakanssonexplainedtousthatitcommonlycausessorethroatsandskininfectionsinchildrenandadults.
Toreachtheirconclusions，theUBresearcherstestedthesurfacesoftoysinadaycarecentre.TheyfoundfouroutoffivetoystestedpositiveforS．pneumoniaeandseveralsurfaces，suchasbeds，testedpositiveforS．pyogenes，evenafterbeingcleaned.Thetestingwasdonejustbeforethecentreopeninginthemorningsoithadbeenmanyhourssincethelasthumancontact.
“Bacterialcolonization（细菌定植）doesn't，byitself，causeinfectionbutit'sanecessaryfirststepifaninfectionisgoingtobecomeestablishedinahumanhost，”heexplains.“Children，theelderlyandotherswithcompromisedimmunesystems（缺乏抵抗力的免疫系统）areeasilyinfected.”
【语篇解读】
一项新的研究得出结论：
一些常见的如引起感冒、耳部感染和喉咙痛的细菌，可以长时间存在于书籍、玩具或其他与儿童相关物品的表面，即使被清洗后也是如此。
4．AccordingtoAndersHakansson，wecaninferthat________．
A．thefindingsmakeussensethedangerofthebacteriaongifts
B．thefindingschangepeople'sattitudetobacteriainfection
C．theexistenceofb
acteriaongiftswasn'tformallyconcerned
D．thebacteriawillspreadthroughgiftsfasterthanthroughindividuals
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第三段“Thisisthefirstpapertodirectlystudythatthesebacteriacansurvivewellonvarioussurfaces...”可知，这是第一次关于细菌会在玩具或书本等不同表面停留很久的报告。
由此可推知，此前这个问题并没有被如此正式地关注过。
答案：
C
5．Theunderlinedwordinthefourthparagraphprobablyrefersto________．
A．anillnessB．abacterium
C．atoyD．aninfection
解析：
词义猜测题。
根据画线词上文可知本文指出一些常见的细菌会长时间存在于书籍等儿童物品的表面，另外根据画线词下文“...itcommonlycausessorethroatsandskininfectionsinchildrenandadults.”可知，它通常会引起咽喉痛和皮肤感染。
由此可猜测画线词是一种细菌的名称。
答案：
B
6．Fromthelasttwoparagraphs，wecanknowthat________．
A．adultswon'tbeeasilyinfectedeveniftheirimmunesystemsareweak
B．thetestingwasdonejustafterthedaycarecentreopening
C．infectionofbacteriacan'thappenwithoutbacterial
colonization
D．researchersfoundhalfofthetoyswereinfectedbyS．pneumoniae
解析：
细节理解题。
根据最后一段“...it'sanecessaryfirststepifaninfectionisgoingtobecomeestablishedinahumanhost...”可知，细菌定植是细菌在人体宿主内产生感染的必要的第一步，也就是说如果没有细菌定植就不会有细菌的感染。
答案：
C
7．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A．Awayoffthetoys，booksorothergifts
B．Bacteriaandimmunesystems
C．Theimportanceofkeepingtoysclean
D．Spreadofinfectiousbacteriaviatoys
andbooks
解析：
标题判断题。
根据首段以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了玩具以及书成为传播传染性细菌的媒介这一研究成果。
答案：
D
C
Morethanhalfacenturyago，therewere4，000drive-inmovietheatresintheUnitedStates，andwatchingamoviefromyourcarwasapopularwaytospendanevening.Butwiththenumberofdrive-insreducedtojustafewhundred，outdoormovieshavebeenpoppingupacrossthenation.Goingtoanopen-airtheatrehasbecomeamodernsummerpastimeforanincreasingnumberofmoviefans.
Inrecentyears，outdoormoviescreeningshavecomeupinparks，vacantlotsandshoppingmallsaroundthenation.Onaverage，about1，000peopleattendeachmovienight.Itattractsalotofyoungprofessionals，youngworkersandresidentsnearby.Forsome，theoutdoormoviesbringbackthememoriesofthedrive-intheatresoftheiryouths.Butforthemajorities，theythinkitiscomparabletotheatmosphereofdrive-ins，astheycanbringfriends，food，goodwine，andwatchthemovietogether.
ThereturningofAmericans'loveaffairwithoutdoormoviesmakesStephenBastaseverbusier.Hisseven-membercrewsetsupscreensinvariouslocationsmostlyintheWashingtonareaeverydaythroughoutthesummer.Theyaredoingprettywellandtheyhopetocontinuethetrend.Anditlooksliketheyaregoingto.That'sbecausemanyfanssaythereisnothinglikewatchingamovieonabreezysummereveningunderthestars.
【语篇解读】 最近几年，越来越多的人喜欢观看露天电影。
一部分人是因为童年的记忆，大部分人是因为喜欢露天电影舒服的氛围。
8．Inthefirstparagraph，theauthortriestotellus____．
A．outdoormoviesattractmoremovie-lovers
B．summerbringsbackmoredrive-inmoviefans
C．drive-inmovietheatreshavealreadydisappeared
D．watchingamoviefromyourcarisbecomingmorepopular
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段的最后两句可知，露天电影越来越受欢迎，故A项正确。
答案：
A
9．Mostpeoplechoosetogotoanoutdoormoviemainlybecausetheycan________．
A．havesnacksbeforethemovie
B．cheerupwithyoungfriends
C．bringbackgoodolddays
D．enjoythecasualatmosphere
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段的最后一句可知，对于大多数人而言，他们喜欢露天电影舒服的氛围，故D项正确。
答案：
D
10．Fromthetext，wecanlearnthatStephenBastasismostprobably________．
A．amoviemaker
B．anoutdoormoviefan
C．amoviedirector
D．anopen-airtheatreoperator
解析：
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的第二句“Hisseven-mem
bercrewsetsupscreens...throughoutthesummer”可推断，斯蒂芬是一位露天电影戏剧院的经营者，故D项正确。
答案：
D
11．HowdoesStephenBastasfeelaboutthefutureofoutdoormovies?
A．Optimistic.B．Amazed.
C．Worried.D．Disappointed.
解析：
态度推断题。
根据最后一段的第三、四句“Theyaredoingprettywellandtheyhopetocontinuethetrend.Anditlooksliketheyaregoingto”可知，斯蒂芬对露天电影的未来非常看好，故A项正确。
答案：
A
D
Chinastarted32high-speedtrainroutesonDecember10，2014.Newhigh-speedtrainlinesarepartofthegovernment'splantodoublethesizeofthenationalrailnetwork.
Thenetworkextension（延长）includesalinkbetweenthebiggestcityShanghaiandthemanufacturingcityofGuangzhourightnexttoHongKong.The1，106-mileroutecutsthejourneytimedownto6hoursand51minutes，insteadofthe16hoursitpreviouslytook.
Chinahastheworld'slargesthigh-speedrailnetwork，whichkeepsthegrowingpopulationandeconomyconnected.Thecountry'stwolargesttrainmakersareintheprocessofcombiningtocreateamorecompetitivecompany，bothinternationallyandnationally，reportsinOctobersaid.Theworld'sfastestpassengertrainisalsoinChina—theShanghaiMaglevTrain（磁悬浮列车）canreachspeedsofover430kilometres（260miles）perhour.
AuthoritiesinChinahavebigdreamsforthetransportnetwork，hopinglinkswithAsianneighbours，RussiaandeventheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.
China'sambitioncouldbelimitedbyaseriesofcancelledcontracts.InOctober，Mexicounexpectedlycancelleda$3.75billionhigh-speedtraindealwit
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