论文成稿docdeflate.docx

1、论文成稿docdeflateAn analysis on the Effects of the Cultural Differences between Chinese and English on the English Use of ChineseA Thesis Presented to theFaculty of Binhai School of Foreign Affairs Tianjin Foreign Studies UniversityIn Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Ar

2、tsBy Deng Xue May，2011ContentsAbstract (in Chinese) .IAbstract (in English) .III. Introduction .1II. Literature review.1 2.1 A brief introduction to culture.1 2.2 The cultural differences between Chinese and English .22.2.1 Chinese culture and English culture.2 2.2.2 The differences between the two

3、cultures.3 2.2.2.1 In value concept .3 2.2.2.2 In thinking mode .4 2.2.2.3 In code of conduct .4 2.3 The relationship between culture and language.5III. The negative effects of the cultural differences between Chinese and English on the English use of Chinese. .63.1 On the correct linguistic use of

4、English-Chinglish.63.1.1 Definition of Chinglish.63.1.2 The manifestations of Chinglish.73.2 On the correct communicative use of English.93.2.1 On appellation.93.2.2 On praise.93.2.3 On privacy.103.2.4 On face-concept.10. How to eliminate the negative effects to correctly use English114.1 To have th

5、e knowledge and understanding of English culture.114.2 To increase English input by various media, absorption and experience of English culture124.3 To learn English social etiquette and customs .134.4 To figure out the gesture.13. Conclusion.13References.15摘 要随着中国社会经济以及综合国力的不断发展，学习英语在我们日常生活中日趋重要。长久

6、以来，英语作为国际通用语言，已经在世界上确立了其统治地位。而且，英语是加强中国与世界交流非常有用的工具。反过来，它又可以促进各国的理解及经济和文化的合作。然而，事实上, 大多数中国人在英语学习上都很费力，因此他们的英语水平也相对较低。在中国，英语的总体水平是跟不上时代的需求的。在英语的使用过程中不同的问题接踵而至。不同的文化背景会有不同的语言体系。这篇文章主要通过分析中英文化差异对中国人使用英语所造成的负面影响来探索怎样消除负面影响，使中国人正确的学习和使用英语进行交流。关键词：中英文化差异；中国人使用英语；消除负面影响；正确学习和使用英语 AbstractWith the continuou

7、s development of Chinese society, economy, as well as comprehensive national strength, learning English in our daily life becomes increasingly important. English, as the international language, has established its dominant status in the world for a long period of time. Whats more, English is a usefu

8、l tool to enhance communication between China and the world, which can in return promote understanding and financial and cultural cooperation. However, as a matter of fact, Chinese people tend to have a hard time in learning English and therefore, their English level remain in a relatively low level

9、. The English of Chinese is at a lower level than required by the times. Different types of errors are still made during the process of English using. Different cultural backgrounds have different language systems. Therefore, this article analyses the negative effects of the cultural differences bet

10、ween China and the English speaking countries on the Chinese English users, and then try to explore how to eliminate the negative effects, so that Chinese people can learn and use the correct English for communication. Key words：Chinese and English; Chinese use English; eliminate the negative effect

11、s; correctly learn and use EnglishI. IntroductionWith the economic globalization, and the frequent communication of China with the rest of world, it is becoming increasingly evident that Chinese people are deficient in English. It is really a problem for Chinese people, because tons of vocabularies

12、and solid knowledge of grammars never bring them flexibility along with effectiveness; instead, it is particularly true that individuals are more likely to keep their mouth shut. Sometimes the Chinese people in China use Chinglish and probably also create misunderstandings or even conflicts, which m

13、ay cause a series of jokes. All of these are owing to cultural differences, such as the differences in value concept and moral criteria, the differences in thinking mode, the differences in code of conduct. Therefore, the article will explain the negative effects of the cultural differences between

14、China ans the English speaking countries on the Chinese English users and to eliminate the negative effects and find out the English development history, read more English books, and acknowledge the background of English speakers deeply to figure out their habitude is the way to learn and use Englis

15、h correctly.II. Literature review2.1 A brief introduction to cultureCulture is an extensive concept. Every country, including every region, due to different historical and geographical factors, has a different culture. From the general standpoint, culture can be divided into: historical culture, soc

16、iological culture and academic culture. However, the word culture is most commonly used in three basic senses: excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture; an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic t

17、hought and social learning; the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group. When the concept first emerged in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, it connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horti

18、culture. In the nineteenth century, it came to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term culture to refer to a universal huma

19、n capacity. But in the twentieth century, “ culture” emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics.Apart from the definition of culture, anthropologists generally agree on some components of culture. Culture has two major

20、 components: the material and the non-material. For the material part, it refers to tangible items such as computers, cars, air-conditioners and houses; and the non-material part refers to intangible items like language, valuse, nom, customs, religions and laws. Both of them play an important role i

21、n shaping peoples behaviors. In this thesis, the writer will mainly focus on the non-material components of culture, and illustrate in details from the aspects of language, value, custom and thinking mode etc.2.2 The cultural differences between Chinese and English2.2.1 Chinese culture and English c

22、ultureIn Chinese culture, in Chinas feudal history of two thousand years, confucianism always occupy the entrenched and deep-rooted dominance, which has a profound and far-reaching impact on Chinese society. Chinese people since ancient times regard self-deprecatory thoughts as a classic attitude of

23、 life. People often are proud of being humble and against the excessively self-revealing. Therefore, Chinese culture reflects the characteristics of group; the cultural identity of group does not allow people to put personal interests above group interests.On the other hand, English culture advocate

24、s individualism, freedom and self-expression. The concept of modesty in British values tend to be negligible, on the contrary, in real life, individuals are more likely to worship or adore winner and hero, those who have the confidence and strong sense of competition. Thus, it is apparent that Engli

25、sh culture reflects the individual cultural traits, which advocate personal interests over group interests.2.2.2 The differences between the two cultures2.2.2.1 In value concepts Chinese culture protests about showing off personal honor but it is to promote modesty. Chinese are against self-glorific

26、ation which is dissatisfactory or even absolutely opposed in the eyes of westerners. “Youve done an excellent job,” “ No, I do not agree with you,” “you are good at English,” “ Oh, no, my English is just so-so.” What have been shown above, as westerners see, not only is a denial of yourself, but als

27、o pays tribute to those who deny the taste, just as Li xing (2003) claims in the book “ An Introduction to Chinese and Western culture.”In contrast, westerners encourage personal struggle, especially for personal achievements and never to cover up their confidence, sense of competition, as well as a

28、ccess to self- revealing. Morever, in the western view, everyones quality of life and survival depend on their ability, and they have a hard time in acceping others help which is considered to be incompetence. So they have to be self-struggle and personal interests first. Just as a popular proverb o

29、f the United States says: If enough efforts are made, a cowboy can be a President.2.2.2.2 In thinking modeFirst of all, the Oriental culture attaches great importance to circular thinking. It means when Chinese speak or write articles, they prefer to talk about the theme in a repeated and developed

30、way rather than in a direct way. However, western culture puts emphasis on linear thinking. As they see it, everything in the world is independent so that they get use to expressing directly instead of using unrelated information to cover the real point of view. Second, the Oriental culture gives prefe