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论文成稿docdeflate

AnanalysisontheEffectsoftheCulturalDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishontheEnglishUseofChinese

AThesisPresentedtothe

FacultyofBinhaiSchoolofForeignAffairs

TianjinForeignStudiesUniversity

InPartialFulfillment

oftheRequirementsfortheDegree

BachelorofArts

By

DengXue

May，2011

Contents

Abstract（inChinese）………………..…………………………………………..I

Abstract（inEnglish）…………………………………………………………....II

I.Introduction…………………………………………………………………...1

II.Literaturereview...………………………………………………….…….......1

2.1Abriefintroductiontoculture.....................................................................................1

2.2TheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish……………………...............2

2.2.1ChinesecultureandEnglishculture………………………………………………….2

2.2.2Thedifferencesbetweenthetwocultures…………………………………………….3

2.2.2.1Invalueconcept……………………........................................................3

2.2.2.2Inthinkingmode…………………….....................................................4

2.2.2.3Incodeofconduct……………………..................................................4

2.3Therelationshipbetweencultureandlanguage…......................................................5

III.ThenegativeeffectsoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishontheEnglishuseofChinese.……………………………………...............6

3.1OnthecorrectlinguisticuseofEnglish-Chinglish………………………………….6

3.1.1DefinitionofChinglish……………………………………………………………….6

3.1.2ThemanifestationsofChinglish……………………………………………………..7

3.2OnthecorrectcommunicativeuseofEnglish…………………………………...9

3.2.1Onappellation……………………………………………………………………..9

3.2.2Onpraise………………………………………………………………………….9

3.2.3Onprivacy……………………………………………………………………….10

3.2.4Onface-concept………………………………………………………………...10

.HowtoeliminatethenegativeeffectstocorrectlyuseEnglish……………11

4.1TohavetheknowledgeandunderstandingofEnglishculture…………………….11

4.2ToincreaseEnglishinputbyvariousmedia,absorptionandexperienceofEnglishculture………………………………………………………………………………12

4.3TolearnEnglishsocialetiquetteandcustoms…………………………………….13

4.4Tofigureoutthegesture…………………………………………………………...13

.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..13

References……………………………………………………………………...15

摘要

随着中国社会经济以及综合国力的不断发展，学习英语在我们日常生活中日趋重要。

长久以来，英语作为国际通用语言，已经在世界上确立了其统治地位。

而且，英语是加强中国与世界交流非常有用的工具。

反过来，它又可以促进各国的理解及经济和文化的合作。

然而，事实上,大多数中国人在英语学习上都很费力，因此他们的英语水平也相对较低。

在中国，英语的总体水平是跟不上时代的需求的。

在英语的使用过程中不同的问题接踵而至。

不同的文化背景会有不同的语言体系。

这篇文章主要通过分析中英文化差异对中国人使用英语所造成的负面影响来探索怎样消除负面影响，使中国人正确的学习和使用英语进行交流。

关键词：

中英文化差异；中国人使用英语；消除负面影响；正确学习和使用英语

Abstract

WiththecontinuousdevelopmentofChinesesociety,economy,aswellascomprehensivenationalstrength,learningEnglishinourdailylifebecomesincreasinglyimportant.English,astheinternationallanguage,hasestablisheditsdominantstatusintheworldforalongperiodoftime.What’smore,EnglishisausefultooltoenhancecommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,whichcaninreturnpromoteunderstandingandfinancialandculturalcooperation.However,asamatteroffact,ChinesepeopletendtohaveahardtimeinlearningEnglishandtherefore,theirEnglishlevelremaininarelativelylowlevel.TheEnglishofChineseisatalowerlevelthanrequiredbythetimes.DifferenttypesoferrorsarestillmadeduringtheprocessofEnglishusing.Differentculturalbackgroundshavedifferentlanguagesystems.Therefore,thisarticleanalysesthenegativeeffectsoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheEnglishspeakingcountriesontheChineseEnglishusers,andthentrytoexplorehowtoeliminatethenegativeeffects,sothatChinesepeoplecanlearnandusethecorrectEnglishforcommunication.

Keywords：

ChineseandEnglish;ChineseuseEnglish;eliminatethenegativeeffects;correctlylearnanduseEnglish

I.Introduction

Withtheeconomicglobalization,andthefrequentcommunicationofChinawiththerestofworld,itisbecomingincreasinglyevidentthatChinesepeoplearedeficientinEnglish.ItisreallyaproblemforChinesepeople,becausetonsofvocabulariesandsolidknowledgeofgrammarsneverbringthemflexibilityalongwitheffectiveness;instead,itisparticularlytruethatindividualsaremorelikelytokeeptheirmouthshut.SometimestheChinesepeopleinChinause"Chinglish"andprobablyalsocreatemisunderstandingsorevenconflicts,whichmaycauseaseriesofjokes.Alloftheseareowingtoculturaldifferences,suchasthedifferencesinvalueconceptandmoralcriteria,thedifferencesinthinkingmode,thedifferencesincodeofconduct.Therefore,thearticlewillexplainthenegativeeffectsoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaanstheEnglishspeakingcountriesontheChineseEnglishusersandtoeliminatethenegativeeffectsandfindouttheEnglishdevelopmenthistory,readmoreEnglishbooks,andacknowledgethebackgroundofEnglishspeakersdeeplytofigureouttheirhabitudeisthewaytolearnanduseEnglishcorrectly.

II.Literaturereview

2.1Abriefintroductiontoculture

Cultureisanextensiveconcept.Everycountry,includingeveryregion,duetodifferenthistoricalandgeographicalfactors,hasadifferentculture.Fromthegeneralstandpoint,culturecanbedividedinto:

historicalculture,sociologicalcultureandacademicculture.However,theword"culture"ismostcommonlyusedinthreebasicsenses:

excellenceoftasteinthefineartsandhumanities,alsoknownashighculture;anintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatdependsuponthecapacityforsymbolicthoughtandsociallearning;thesetofsharedattitudes,values,goals,andpracticesthatcharacterizesaninstitution,organizationorgroup.

Whentheconceptfirstemergedineighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryEurope,itconnotedaprocessofcultivationorimprovement,asinagricultureorhorticulture.Inthenineteenthcentury,itcametoreferfirsttothebettermentorrefinementoftheindividual,especiallythrougheducation,andthentothefulfillmentofnationalaspirationsorideals.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,somescientistsusedtheterm"culture"torefertoauniversalhumancapacity.Butinthetwentiethcentury,“culture”emergedasaconceptcentraltoanthropology,encompassingallhumanphenomenathatarenotpurelyresultsofhumangenetics.

Apartfromthedefinitionofculture,anthropologistsgenerallyagreeonsomecomponentsofculture.Culturehastwomajorcomponents:

thematerialandthenon-material.Forthematerialpart,itreferstotangibleitemssuchascomputers,cars,air-conditionersandhouses;andthenon-materialpartreferstointangibleitemslikelanguage,valuse,nom,customs,religionsandlaws.Bothofthemplayanimportantroleinshapingpeople’sbehaviors.Inthisthesis,thewriterwillmainlyfocusonthenon-materialcomponentsofculture,andillustrateindetailsfromtheaspectsoflanguage,value,customandthinkingmodeetc.

2.2TheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish

2.2.1ChinesecultureandEnglishculture

InChineseculture,inChina’sfeudalhistoryoftwothousandyears,confucianismalwaysoccupytheentrenchedanddeep-rooteddominance,whichhasaprofoundandfar-reachingimpactonChinesesociety.Chinesepeoplesinceancienttimesregardself-deprecatorythoughtsasaclassicattitudeoflife.Peopleoftenareproudofbeinghumbleandagainsttheexcessivelyself-revealing.Therefore,Chineseculturereflectsthecharacteristicsofgroup;theculturalidentityofgroupdoesnotallowpeopletoputpersonalinterestsabovegroupinterests.

Ontheotherhand,Englishcultureadvocatesindividualism,freedomandself-expression.TheconceptofmodestyinBritishvaluestendtobenegligible,onthecontrary,inreallife,individualsaremorelikelytoworshiporadorewinnerandhero,thosewhohavetheconfidenceandstrongsenseofcompetition.Thus,itisapparentthatEnglishculturereflectstheindividualculturaltraits,whichadvocatepersonalinterestsovergroupinterests.

2.2.2Thedifferencesbetweenthetwocultures

2.2.2.1Invalueconcepts

Chinesecultureprotestsaboutshowingoffpersonalhonorbutitistopromotemodesty.Chineseareagainstself-glorificationwhichisdissatisfactoryorevenabsolutelyopposedintheeyesofwesterners.“You’vedoneanexcellentjob,”“No,Idonotagreewithyou,”“youaregoodatEnglish,”“Oh,no,myEnglishisjustso-so.”Whathavebeenshownabove,aswesternerssee,notonlyisadenialofyourself,butalsopaystributetothosewhodenythetaste,justasLixing（2003）claimsinthebook“AnIntroductiontoChineseandWesternculture.”

Incontrast,westernersencouragepersonalstruggle,especiallyforpersonalachievementsandnevertocoveruptheirconfidence,senseofcompetition,aswellasaccesstoself-revealing.Morever,inthewesternview,everyone’squalityoflifeandsurvivaldependontheirability,andtheyhaveahardtimeinaccepingothers’helpwhichisconsideredtobeincompetence.Sotheyhavetobeself-struggleandpersonalinterestsfirst.JustasapopularproverboftheUnitedStatessays:

"Ifenougheffortsaremade,acowboycanbeaPresident."

2.2.2.2Inthinkingmode

Firstofall,theOrientalcultureattachesgreatimportancetocircularthinking.ItmeanswhenChinesespeakorwritearticles,theyprefertotalkaboutthethemeinarepeatedanddevelopedwayratherthaninadirectway.However,westerncultureputsemphasisonlinearthinking.Astheyseeit,everythingintheworldisindependentsothattheygetusetoexpressingdirectlyinsteadofusingunrelatedinformationtocovertherealpointofview.Second,theOrientalculturegivesprefe