VOA Special English 原文.docx

1、VOA Special English 原文1 a quick lessonThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is resp

2、onsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but must also pay any debts.Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business toget

3、her. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibili

4、ty for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations a

5、re designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization.Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in

6、business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money back into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of th

7、e corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity - its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors controls corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.Corporations can have a few major share

8、holders. Or ownership can be spread among the general public.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.And thats the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. You can learn more about business an

9、d economics on our website, . Were also on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube at VOA Learning English. Im Barbara Klein.2 baboonsThis is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.When farmers and wild animals share land, conflicts can be hard to prevent. But the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organ

10、ization is trying to help.The FAO and other groups are developing what they call the Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Toolkit. This toolkit is a collection of advice and information that farmers in southern Africa have been testing.Wild animals are considered a top problem for the physical and eco

11、nomic security of rural populations in Africa.FAO official Rene Czudek says the main aim is to provide low-cost methods to deal with wild animals without harming them.For example, some farmers in Kenya use donkeys to guard against lions and cheetahs.In Zambia and Mozambique, crocodiles are blamed fo

12、r more deaths than any other animal. Nile crocodiles kill an estimated three hundred people each year in Mozambique alone.Strong fencing at watering points can offer protection. And people should always enter the water several at a time, in groups armed with weapons like sticks and stones, axes and

13、spears.But the FAO also points out that crocodile attacks are less likely in places that have not been overfished.The toolkit also has ideas to control baboons. These large monkeys raid crops and they can kill sheep and other livestock.One suggestion is to remove the center from a loaf of bread and

14、hide a snake inside - a live one if possible. Baboons have a fear of snakes. They also have good memories. Rene Czudek at the FAO says a baboon frightened by a snake sandwich will probably not come back.Another animal with a good memory - the elephant - often raids field crops, especially maize and

15、cassava. Mr. Czudek says the loss of a maize crop can mean the loss of a familys food supply for a year.Did you know elephants hate chili pepper?Farmers can grind pepper, mix it with elephant waste and form bricks. The idea is to burn these bricks around the edges of fields to keep elephants away. F

16、armers can also grow fields of chili peppers - and sell the surplus.Another way to control elephants is with a plastic gun called the Mhiripiri Bomber. It fires balls that burst and release a chili solution when they hit the elephants skin.You might also be able to stop an elephant or a hippopotamus

17、 by shining lights in their eyes.The FAO toolkit is supposed to be available online soon. People will be able to comment on the suggestions and offer their own.And thats the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. Im Bob Doughty.3 Fighting CancerThis is the VOA Special Eng

18、lish Health Report.Health experts are calling for action to expand cancer care and control in the developing world. A paper published by the medical journal Lancet says cancer was once thought of mostly as a problem in the developed world. But it says cancer is now a leading cause of death and disab

19、ility in poor countries.Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer aggressively. They say it should be fought the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.Cancer kills more than seven and a half million people a year worldwide. The experts

20、say almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.They say cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. But they say the world spends only five percent of its cancer resources in those countries.Felicia Knaul from the Harvard Medica

21、l School was one of the authors of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there. She says the experience showed her the sharp divide between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.FELICIA KNAUL: And we are seeing more and more how this

22、is attacking young women. Its the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, except the poorest-poorest, its the number one cancer-related death among young women. And, I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it t

23、han we are doing about it.Professor Knaul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. She says they were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from cervical cancer. They were able to persuade women to get tested and to get vaccinated against a virus that can cause i

24、t.The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs that are off-patent. This means the drugs are no longer legally protected against being copied.In another new report, the American Cancer Society says cancer has the highest economic

25、cost of any cause of death. It caused an estimated nine hundred billion dollars in economic losses worldwide in two thousand eight.That was one and a half percent of the world economy, and just losses from early death and disability. The study did not estimate direct medical costs. But it says the p

26、roductivity losses are almost twenty percent higher than for the second leading cause of economic loss, heart disease.And thats the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver with Vidushi Sinha. Im Barbara Klein4 GoogleThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Last week, Verizo

27、n and Google proposed a plan they say could keep the Internet open while supporting investment in high-speed Internet service.Verizon has the nations biggest wireless network while Google is the biggest Internet search engine. The proposal was a surprise because the two companies have been on opposi

28、te sides of the debate over net neutrality.That is the idea that all content on the Web should be treated equally.Internet service providers want to be able to charge more for heavy Internet traffic or users who want special services. The Federal Communications Commission regulates telephone, cable

29、and satellite communications. But its power to regulate Internet service has been questioned in the courts.The new proposal calls for rules barring service providers from preventing users from sending and receiving legal information of any kind. Users also could not be prevented from linking any app

30、lication, service or device they choose to the Web.And broadband Internet providers would be barred from discriminating against content and would have to be open about their policies.Supporters of net neutrality criticized the proposal for not including wireless providers. Wireless broadband is amon

31、g the fastest growing parts of the Internet.Others oppose the creation of a two-tiered system on the Internet in which some content gets a fast lane and other content goes slowly.But Daniel Brenner says such a system already exists.DANIEL BRENNER: In some ways there are two tiers today. In other wor

32、ds, theres the public Internet which we all use for Web surfing, e-mail and sometimes for voice. And then there are managed networks.Daniel Brenner is a partner at the law firm Hogan Lovells in Washington. He says service providers want to be able to charge more because they build networks out to their customers across the country. Such companies are the so-called last mile providers.But, the Internet is really a network of networks which exchange traffic all the time and compete with each other. And not all networks